3.5.2 Uphando Wiki
Iisaveyi Wiki ukuba ibhastile emitsha imibuzo efuna ezingqalileyo.
Ukongezelela ekubuzeni imibuzo kumaxesha angokwemvelo nakwiimeko ezininzi zendalo, iteknoloji entsha isenza ukuba sitshintshe ifom le mibuzo. Ininzi yemibuzo yophando ivalwe, kunye nabaphenduli bekhetha kwisicwangciso esinqununu sokhetho esibhaliweyo ngabaphandi. Le yinkqubo eyenziwa ngumphandi ophandwayo obizwa ngokuthi "ukubeka amagama emilonyeni yabantu." Ngokomzekelo, nasi umbuzo wophando ovaliweyo:
Umbuzo olandelayo ngowomxholo womsebenzi. Ngicela ukhangele le khadi uze undixelele into eluhlu olukhethwa kakhulu kulo msebenzi?
- Ingeniso ephakamileyo
- Akukho ngozi yokuxothwa
- Iiyure zokusebenza zifutshane, zininzi zexesha lokukhulula
- Amathuba okuqhubela phambili
- Umsebenzi ubalulekile, kwaye unika umuzwa wokufezekiswa. "
Kodwa ngaba ezi zimpendulo kuphela? Ngaba abaphandi bangalahlekanga into ebalulekileyo ngokunciphisa iimpendulo kule mihlanu? Eminye imibuzo evaliweyo ngumbuzo wolu vavanyo ovulekile. Nanku umbuzo ofanayo owenziwe kwifomu evulekile:
"Lo mbuzo elilandelayo ngalo mbandela yomsebenzi. Abantu bakhangela izinto ezahlukileyo umsebenzi. Yintoni ezininzi ukhetha na umsebenzi? "
Nangona le mibuzo emibili ibonakala ifana noko, uphando olwenziwa nguWoward Schuman noStanley Presser (1979) lubonakalise ukuba banokuvelisa iziphumo ezahlukileyo kakhulu: phantse i-60% yeempendulo kumbuzo ovulekileyo awubandakanyi kwiimpendulo ezinhlanu ezifunyenwe ngumphandi ( umfanekiso 3.9).
Umzekeliso 3.9: Iziphumo ezivela kuvavanyo lovavanyo olubonisa ukuba iimpendulo zinokuxhomekeke ekubeni umbuzo uphendulwa kwifom evulekileyo okanye evulekileyo. Ukutshintshwa kwi- Schuman and Presser (1979) , itafile 1.
Nangona imibuzo evulekile kwaye ivaliweyo ingavelisa ulwazi oluhlukileyo kwaye bobabini babethandwa kwiintsuku zokuqala zophando zophando, imibuzo evaliweyo sele ilawulwa kwintsimi. Olu lawulo alubangelwa kukuba imibuzo evaliweyo iboniswe ukuba inikeze umlinganiselo olungcono, kodwa kunokuba kuba lula ukuyisebenzisa; Inkqubo yokuhlaziya imibuzo evulekileyo yinto ephosakeleyo kwaye ibiza. Ukufuduka kwimibuzo evulekile kuyilwabalala kuba ngokuchanekileyo ulwazi abaphandi abazange bazi ngaphambili kwexesha elinokubaluleke kakhulu.
Utshintsho oluvela kubantu abalawulwa yinkqubo ye-computer, kodwa lubonisa indlela entsha yokuphuma kule ngxaki endala. Kuthekani ukuba ngoku sinokubuza imibuzo yolu vavanyo edibanisa iimeko eziphambili zemibandela evulekile nevuliwe? Okokuthi, kuthekani ukuba sinokwenza uphando olwenziweyo luvulele ulwazi olutsha kwaye luvelise iimpendulo ezilula zokuhlalutya? Yiloo nto uKaren Levy kunye nam (2015) azame ukudala.
Ngokukodwa, uKaren andicinga ukuba iiwebhsayithi eziqokelela kunye nokukhawulelana nomxholo owenziwe ngumsebenzisi ziyakwazi ukwazisa uludwe lweentlobo ezintsha zophando. Siye saphefumlelwe ngokukhethekileyo yi-Wikipedia-umzekelo omhle wenkqubo evulekileyo, enamandla eyenziwa ngumxholo owenziwe ngumsebenzisi-ngoko sabiza i-survey yethu entsha uphando lwama- wiki . Kanye njengokuba Wikipedia uguquguquka ngokuhamba kwexesha ezisekelwe kwiimbono-nxaxheba bayo, siye sicinge uphando elo uguquguquka ngokuhamba kwexesha ezisekelwe kwiimbono-nxaxheba bayo. Mina noKaren sakha iipropati ezintathu ukuba iincwadi zee-wiki zifanele ziyanelisekile: kufuneka zibahawule, zisebenzisane kwaye zisebenzise. Emva koko, kunye neqela labaphuhlisi bewebhu, sidale iwebhusayithi enokuqhuba i-wiki survey_: www.allourideas.org .
Inkqubo yokuqokelela idatha kwi-survey ye-wiki iboniswa yiprojekthi esayenzayo kwi-Ofisi kaMeya weSixeko saseNew York ukwenzela ukudibanisa iingcamango zabahlali kwi-PlaNYC 2030, isiCwangciso sasekuhlaleni saseNew York. Ukuqalisa inkqubo, i-Ofisi kaMeya yenze uluhlu lweengcamango ezi-25 ezisekelwe kwimpumelelo yazo yangaphambili (umzekelo, "Zifuna zonke izakhiwo ezinkulu ukuba zenze uphuculo oluthile lwamandla" nangokuthi "Fundisa abantwana malunga nemiba eluhlaza njengenxalenye yekharityhulam yekharityhulam"). Ukusebenzisa le ngcamango engama-25, i-Ofisi kaMeya yabuza umbuzo othi "Yiyiphi ingcinga engcono yokwakha i-New York City enkulu?" Abaphenduli banikezwa ngeembono ezimbini (umz. njengendawo yokudlala yoluntu "kunye" Ukwandisa ukutsalwa kweemithi ezijoliswe kuyo kumadelwane kunye namazinga aphezulu e-asthma "), kwaye babuzwa ukuba bakhethe phakathi kwabo (umzobo 3.10). Emva kokukhetha, abaphenduli bavela ngokukhawuleza kunye nezinye iimbono ezikhethiweyo ezikhethiweyo. Baye bakwazi ukuqhubeka nokwenza ulwazi malunga neenketho zabo ngokukhawuleza ukuba bafuna ukuvota okanye ngokukhetha "andinakugqiba isigqibo." Ngokubalulekayo, nakweyiphi na into, abaphenduli babekwazi ukufaka ingcamango zabo, ezilindelekileyo I-Ofisi kaMeya-yaba yingxenye yecandelo leengcamango eziza kuboniswa kwabanye. Ngaloo ndlela, imibuzo abathathi-nxaxheba abayifumene yayivulwe kwaye ivaliwe kanyekanye.
Umzobo 3.10: I-interface yokuhlola i-wiki. I-Panel (a) ibonisa isikrini sempendulo kunye nepaneli (b) ibonisa isikrini sesiphumo. Salganik and Levy (2015) ngemvume evela Salganik and Levy (2015) , isiqendu 2.
I-Ofisi kaMeya iqalise uphando lwama-wiki ngo-Oktobha 2010 ngokubambisana neengqungquthela zeentlanganiso zoluntu ukwenzela ukufumana impendulo yomhlali. Kwiinyanga ezi-ezine, abaphenduli abangu-1,436 banikele ngeempendulo ezingama-31,893 kunye neengcinga ezi-464 ezintsha. Ngokuchanekileyo, ezi-8 zeengcamango eziphezulu ezi-10 zilayishwe ngabathathi-nxaxheba kunokuba zibe yinxalenye yemibono yembewu evela kwi-Ofisi kaMeya. Kwaye, njengoko sichaza kwiphepha lethu, lo mzekelo, kunye neengcamango ezilayishiwe ezingcono kuneengcamango zembewu, zenzeke kwiimvavanyo ezininzi ze-wiki. Ngamanye amagama, ngokuvulela ulwazi olutsha, abaphandi banakho ukufunda izinto ezingayi kuphinda zisebenzisa iindlela ezivaliweyo.
Ngaphandle kweziphumo zolu vavanyo oluthile, iphrojekthi yethu yophando lwe-wiki ibonisa indlela izakhiwo zeendleko zedijithali ezithetha ngayo ukuba abaphandi banokubambisana nehlabathi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Abaphandi bezemfundo ngoku bayakwazi ukwakha iinkqubo zangempela ezinokusetyenziswa ngabantu abaninzi: siye sabamba ama-wiki angama-10,000 iimvavanyo kwaye saqokelela iimpendulo ezingaphezulu kwezigidi ezili-15. Olu buchule lokwenza into engasetyenziselwa kwisikali livela kwinto yokuba i-website iwakhiwe, ayikho into ekufuneka iyenze ngokukhululekile ukuba ifumaneke kuwo wonke umntu kwihlabathi (okwenene, oku akunakwenzeka ukuba sinabantu i-interview interview). Ngaphezulu, eli nqanaba lenza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zophando. Ngokomzekelo, ezi zigidi ezili-15 iimpendulo, kunye nosasazo lwabathathi-nxaxheba, banikezela ibhedi yokuvavanya yocwaningo lweendlela ezizayo. Ndiza kuchaza ngakumbi ngamanye amathuba okuphanda adalwe yizakhiwo zendleko ze-digital-age-especially in data-variable variable-xa ndixoxa ngezilingo kwisahluko 4.
