3.5 iindlela ezintsha zokubuza imibuzo
Uphando lwezemveli luvaliwe, luxhaphaza kwaye lususwe ebomini. Ngoku sinokubuza imibuzo evulekileyo, eyonwabileyo kunye nobomi obungaphezulu.
Isakhelo sophotho yesistim esiphezulu sikhuthaza abaphandi ukuba bacinge ngophando lophando njengenxalenye yeenxalenye ezimbini: ukufumana abaphendulayo nokubabuza imibuzo. Kwicandelo 3.4, ndathetha indlela idijithali yokutshintsha ngayo indlela esibafumana ngayo abaphenduli, kwaye ngoku ndiya kuxoxa ngendlela eyenza abaphandi bacele imibuzo ngeendlela ezintsha. Ezi ndlela ezintsha zingasetyenziselwa ngamasampula okanye amanqaku angenakwenzeka.
A imo saveyi okusingqongileyo apho imibuzo ebuzwa ngayo, yaye oko kunokuba neempembelelo ebalulekileyo komlinganiselo (Couper 2011) . Ngethuba lokuqala lophando lophando, indlela eqhelekileyo yayijongene nobuso, ngelixa lexesha lesibili, kwakuyimfono. Abanye abaphandi bajonga ixesha lesithathu lophando lophando nje nje ngokunyuka kweendlela zokuhlola ukuba zibandakanya iikhomputha kunye neefowuni. Nangona kunjalo, iminyaka yobudijithali ingaphezulu nje kweenguqu kwimibhobho apho imibuzo kunye nezimpendulo zihamba. Kunoko, utshintsho oluvela kwi-analog ukuya kwidijithali lunceda-kwaye luya kufuna ukuba abaphandi batshintshe indlela esibuza ngayo imibuzo.
Uphononongo lukaMichael Schober kunye noogxa (2015) lubonisa iingenelo zokulungiswa kweendlela zemveli zokunxibelelanisa kangcono iinkqubo zokunxibelelanisa i-digital-age. Kule sifundo, i-Schober kunye noogxa baqhathanisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubuza abantu imibuzo ngefowuni. Baqhathanisa ukuqokelela idatha ngeengxoxo zezwi, okuya kuba yinguqulelo yendalo yeendlela zesibini, ukuqokelela idatha nge-microsurveys ezininzi ezithunyelwa ngemilayezo yombhalo, indlela engabikho ngaphambili. Bafumene ukuba i-microsurveys ithunyelwe ngemiyalezo yombhalo yenza ukuba idatha ephezulu kakhulu kuneendlebe zengxoxo. Ngamanye amagama, ukutshintshela indlela endala kwi-medium medium akuzange kuholele kwi-data ephezulu. Endaweni yoko, ngokucinga ngokucacileyo malunga namakhono kunye nemigangatho yoluntu malunga neefowuni zefowuni, i-Schober kunye nabalingane bakwazi ukuphucula indlela engcono yokubuza imibuzo ekhokelela kwimpendulo ephezulu.
Kukho ubungakanani obuninzi apho abaphandi banokubeka khona uluhlu lweendlela zokuhlola, kodwa ndicinga ukuba iyona ndlela ebaluleke kakhulu yindlela yokuhlola i-digital-age-modes yilapho ilawulwa yikhomputha , kunokuba iphendulwe ngabagadi-ndlebe (njengowomnxeba kunye nobuso bombuso) . Ukuthabatha i-intanethi yabantu kwiinkqubo zokuqokelela idatha kunika iingenelo ezinkulu kwaye kwazisa ezinye iingxaki. Ngokwezibonelelo, ukususa i-interviewers yoluntu kunokunciphisa ukuthanda abantu , ukunyamekela kwabaphenduli ukuba bazame ukuzibonakalisa ngendlela engcono kakhulu, ngokomzekelo, ukuziphatha kwangaphantsi kokubika (umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni) kunye nokunika ingxelo ngokugqithiseleyo ukuziphatha (umzekelo, ukuvota) (Kreuter, Presser, and Tourangeau 2008) . Ukususa iingxowa-ndlebe zabantu kunokuphelisa nemiphumo yodliwano-ndlebe , ukuthambekela kweempendulo ezichaphazelekayo kwiindlela ezifihlakeleyo ngeempawu zendlebe-ndlebe yomntu (West and Blom 2016) . Ukongezelela ekuphuculeni ukuchaneka kwezinye iindidi zemibuzo, ukususa abaceli-ndlebe bendoda kuyanciphisa kakhulu iindleko-ixesha lokudliwano-ndlebe ngenye yeendleko ezinkulu kwi-uphando-kunye nokwandisa ukulungelelaniswa kuba abaphenduli banokuthatha inxaxheba xa befuna, kungekuphela nje xa u-interview . Nangona kunjalo, ukususa i-interviewer yoluntu kudala nemingeni. Ingakumbi, udliwano-ndlebe lunokuphuhlisa ulwalamano kunye nabaphendulayo abanganyusa izinga lokuthatha inxaxheba, bacacise imibuzo yokudideka, kwaye bahlale bebandakanyeka xa bethetha nge-questionnaire (Garbarski, Schaeffer, and Dykema 2016) ) (Garbarski, Schaeffer, and Dykema 2016) . Ngaloo ndlela, ukutshintshwa kwindlela yokuhlola i -intatheli- mboleko kumntu olawulwa yikhompyutheni kwakha zombini amathuba kunye nemingeni.
Emva koko, ndiza kuchaza iindlela ezimbini ezibonisa indlela abaphandi abangasebenzisa ngayo izixhobo zedijithali ukubuza imibuzo ngokungafaniyo: ukulinganisa amazwe angaphakathi ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunye nendawo ngokuhlolwa kwesikhashana (i-section 3.5.1) kunye nokudibanisa amandla Imibuzo yolu vavanyo evulekile kwaye ivalwe ngokuvalwa kwee- wiki (icandelo 3.5.2). Nangona kunjalo, ukunyuka kwi-computer elawulwa yikhomputha, ukubiza ngokubanzi kuya kuthetha ukuba kufuneka sicwangcise iindlela zokubuza ukuba ziyakuthandeka kubathathi-nxaxheba, ngezinye iinkqubo zibizwa ngokuba yi- gamification (icandelo 3.5.3).
