4.5.1.1 dibaka Sebelisa teng

U ka matha liteko hare libakeng teng, hangata li etsoa ntle tsoaneng e leha e le efe kapa moho.

Logistically, e bobebe tsela ea ho etsa liteko tsa dijethale ke ho koahele teko ya hao holim'a tikoloho le teng, nolofalletsa uena le hore ba itlhokomele dijethale tšimo teko. Liteko tsena li ka matha nakong tekanyo ho utloahalang khōlō 'me u se ke ua hloka tshebedisano le khampani kapa Software pharaletseng ntshetsopele.

Ka mohlala, Jennifer Doleac le Luka Stein (2013) o ile a nka monyetla ka e marakeng Inthaneteng (mohlala, craigslist) ho matha teko eo lekanya kgethollo morabe. Doleac le Stein phatlalatsa likete ba iPods, 'me ke ka tsela e hlophisehileng sa tšoaneng litšobotsi tsa morekisi, ba ile ba khona ho ithuta liphello tsa peisong mabapi le ditransekshene moruo. Ho ekelletsa moo, Doleac le Stein o ile a sebelisa boholo ba teko ea bona ea ho ba hakanya ha phello e ke khōloanyane (heterogeneity oa liphello kalafo) le ho fana ka tse ling tsa likhopolo na ke hobane'ng ha phello e ka 'na la hlaha (mekgwa).

Pele ho thuto ea Doleac le Stein, ho na le e ne e bile e ntse e atamela ka sehloohong tse peli ho isa experimentally lekanyang kgethollo. Lefapheng la ngollano lithuto tsa bafuputsi bōpa tswella tsa batho ba shell ba merabe e fapaneng le ho sebedisa tswella tsena, ho etsa mohlala, sebelisa bakeng sa jobs fapaneng. Bertrand le Mullainathan a (2004) pampiri seo ho nang sehlooho sa lebaleheng "Na Emily le Greg More Employable Than Lakisha le Jamal? A Field teko hodima Labor Market Khethollo "ke papiso e babatsehang ea thuto ea ngollano. Ngollano lithuto tsa ho ba le litšenyehelo batlang e tlaase ka ho ya ka ho shebella ba bang, e leng thusa hore mofuputsi e mong o se nang balekane ho bokella ba likete ba hlokometsoeng ka thuto tloaelehileng. Empa, ngollano, dithuto tsa kgethollo tsa merabe li 'nile tsa belaella kahobane mabitso nang le monyetla bontša lintho tse ngata tseo ho phaella ho moloko oa ea mokopi eo. Ke hore, mabitso a kang Greg, Emily, Lakisha, 'me Jamal ka' na bontša tlelase tsoang sechabeng ho phaella ho matha peisong. Kahoo, phapang efe kapa efe ha ho phekoloa kaha tswella ea Greg le Jamal a ka 'na ua ka lebaka la bana ba fetang nkuwe a se peisong phapang e ngata ea bakopi eo. Lithuto tsa Audit, ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho akarelletsa ho hira batšoantšisi ba merabe e fapaneng ho etsa ka seqo bakeng sa mesebetsi e mengata. Le hoja lithuto tsa boruni fana ka pontšo e hlakileng ea peiso mokopi, ba bitsa chelete e ngata haholo ho ya ka ho shebella ba bang, e bolelang e le hore ba ka tloaelo ho feela nang le makholo-kholo tse hlokometsoeng.

Ka teko ea bona dijethale ea tšimo, Doleac le Stein ba ile ba khona ho theha lebasetere motle. Ba ile ba khona ho bokella ya data ka litšenyehelo batlang e tlaase ka ho ya ka ho shebella ba bang-ho fellang ka likete-kete tsa hlokometsoeng (joalokaha e etsahala thuto ea ngollano) -le ba ile ba khona ho bontša peisong sebelisa lifoto-sephetho ka tsela e hlakileng uncounfounded pontšo mofuta (joalokaha ho ithuta e boruni ). Kahoo, ho hlokomela tikoloho Inthaneteng ka linako tse ling nolofalletsa bafuputsi ho bopa liphekolo tse ncha e nang le thepa eo ho leng thata ho aha litsela tse ling.

The iPod dipapatso ea Doleac le Stein fapane hammoho litekanyo tse tharo tse khōlō. Pele, ba fapane litšobotsi tsa morekisi, e neng e tšoaea ka letsoho fota tšoere iPod [tšoeu, batsho, bo bosoeu le cheselelitsoeng] (Figure 4.12). Ea bobeli, li fapane theko botsa [$ 90, $ 110, $ 130]. Ntlha ea boraro, ba ile ba fapane boleng ba all'annuncio mongolo [boleng bo phahameng 'me e tlase boleng (mohlala, talima liphoso cApitalization le talima liphoso spelin)]. Kahoo, lingoli li ile tsa e ne e 3 X 3 X 2 boqapi ba bona e neng e malala ka mose limmaraka tse fetang 300 tsa lehae tsa ho tloha ho litoropo (mohlala, Kokomo, IN le North Platte, NE) ke mega game-metse (mohlala, New York le Los Angeles).

Leka 4,12: Hands sebelisitsoe ka teko ea Doleac and Stein (2013) . iPods ne ba rekisa ka barekisi le litsobotsi tse fapaneng ho lekanya kgetholla e marakeng online.

Karolelano ka mose maemo 'ohle, diphetho ba ne ba molemo hore morekisi o mosoeu ho feta ba batho ba batsho morekisi, ka tattooed morekisi nang liphello tse lipakeng. Ka mohlala, bo bosoeu barekisi fumaneng ka fuoa menyetla haholoanyane 'me ba ne ba phahameng ho qetela ditheko rekisoe. Ka nģ'ane ho liphello tsena kakaretso, Doleac le Stein hakanngoa ea heterogeneity ea hlahisoa ke phekolo. Ka mohlala, ho lepa e mong ho e khopolo pejana ke hore kgethollo e ne e tla ka tlaase ho moo limmarakeng tse emelang phehisano more. U sebelisa palo ea fuoa menyetla e fumaneng e le vouta bakeng tlhōlisano 'marakeng, baqapi ba fumane hore batho ba batsho barekisi sebele fumana fuoa menyetla e hobe le ho feta limmarakeng nang le tekanyo e tlaase ea tlhōlisano. Ho ekelletsa moo, ka ho bapisa diphetho bakeng lipapatso le boleng bo phahameng 'me e tlase boleng mongolo, Doleac le Stein fumane hore boleng all'annuncio ha tshusumetso ya mosing tobana ke barekisi ba batsho le ba tattooed. Qetellong, ho sebelisa 'nete ea hore dipapatso ba ile ba behoa limmaraka tse fetang 300, baqapi ba fumana hore batho ba batsho barekisi ba sekisetsoang eketsehileng metseng ea litoropo e nang le ditefello bokebekoa bo bongata le tse phahameng segregation bolulo. Ea mong oa liphetho tsena li re fa kutloisiso e tobileng ea hore na ke hobane'ng hantle feela batsho barekisi ne diphetho ea bobeng bo fetisisang, empa, ha ho kopantswe le liphello tsa lithuto tsa le leng, ba ka qala ho tsebisa likhopolo tse mabapi le lisosa tsa kgethollo tsa merabe a mefuta e fapaneng ya ditransekshene moruo.

Mohlala o mong o bontšang le bokhoni sa bafuputsi ho khanna dijethale liteko tšimo litsamaiso teng ke etsa lipatlisiso ka ho Arnout van de Rijt le basebetsi-'moho (2014) ka re thusang hore u atlehe. Likarolong tse ngata tsa bophelo, batho ba bonahalang eka ha li e tšoanang qetella le diphetho tse fapaneng haholo. Tlhaloso e le 'ngoe ho khoneha hore batho paterone ena ke hore le nyenyane-e le hantle tšohanyetso-le menyetla e ka notlela-ka hare le ka hōla ha nako e ntse, e leng ntho eo bafuputsi bitsa sebelisa hamolemo libaka tseo cumulative. E le hore ho fumana hore na hore na e nyenyane katleho lekgetlo la ntlha notlela-in kapa nyamela, van de Rijt le basebetsi-'moho (2014) kenella ho kena litsamaiso tse 'nè tse fapaneng bestowing lebisang katlehong mabapi le barupeluoa ka lootho a khetha,' me joale lekanya tshusumetso nako e telele oa ho atleha ena hatellang.

More ka ho toba, van de Rijt le basebetsi-'moho 1) ikana chelete ea ho lootho a khetha diporojeke tsa kickstarter.com , ya website crowdfunding; 2) Ka sebele rated recensioni ka lootho a khetha mo setsheng sa inthanete epinions ; 3) o ile a fa likhau ho ka lootho khethiloeng phehisa Wikipedia ; 'me 4) Signed lootho a khetha mangolo a boipiletso change.org . bafuputsi ba ile ba fumana liphello tse tšoanang haholo ka mose litsamaiso tsohle tse 'nè: lehlakoreng ka leng, barupeluoa ba neng ba ka lootho fuoa ba bang ba atleha ho namola mathoasong a lekholo a tsoela pele ho ba le ho feta e ileng ea latela lebisang katlehong feta lithaka tsa bona ho seng joalo ho feletseng tsoana ka litsobotsi (Figure 4:13). 'Nete ea hore mohlaleng o tšoanang hlaha litsamaiso tse ngata eketsa tumello Link ea liphetho tsena hobane e fokotsa monyetla oa hore eu behela mohlala sena ke artefakt ea tsamaiso itseng.

Leka 4:13: liphello tsa nako e telele oa ho atleha ka lootho fa a litsamaiso tse 'nè tsa sechaba tse fapaneng. Arnout van de Rijt le basebetsi-'moho (2014) 1) ikana chelete ea ho lootho a khetha diporojeke tsa kickstarter.com , ya website crowdfunding; 2) Ka sebele rated recensioni ka lootho a khetha mo setsheng sa inthanete epinions ; 3) o ile a fa likhau ho ka lootho khethiloeng phehisa Wikipedia ; 'me 4) Signed lootho a khetha mangolo a boipiletso change.org .

Hammoho, mehlala ena e 'meli e bontšang hore bafuputsi ka tsamaisa dijethale liteko tšimo ntle ho hlokahala hore molekane le dikhamphani kapa ho hlokahala hore a hahe litsamaiso rarahaneng dijethale. Ho ekelletsa moo, Table 4.2 fana ka mehlala le ho feta tse bontšang fapaneng ea se khonehang ha bafuputsi ba sebelisa tsa motheo ea litsamaiso teng ho lopolla kalafo le / kapa tekanyo diphetho. Liteko Tsena ke batlang e le theko e tlaase bakeng sa bafuputsi 'me ba fana ka tekanyo tse phahameng tsa baanelwa. Empa liteko tse tsena fana bafuputsi ho laola maikutlo a lekanyelitsoe lilemong tse fetang barupeluoa, mekhoa ea phekolo, 'me diphetho ho lekanya. Ho ekelletsa moo, bakeng sa liteko etsahala tsamaisong le 'ngoe feela, bafuputsi ba lokela ho ameha hore litla-ka khannoang ke dipharologanyo tsamaiso kgethehileng (mohlala, tsela eo Kickstarter har'a diprojekeng kapa tsela eo change.org har'a likōpo tse matla; hobane boitsebiso bo eketsehileng, sheba puisano mabapi tsietsoa algorithmic Khaolong ea 2). Qetellong, ha bafuputsi ba kenella litsamaiso sebetsa, lipotso qhekellang boitshwaro hlaha hoo e ka bang ntša kotsi ho bonolo ho barupeluoa, bao e seng karolo, le litsamaiso. Re tla tšohla potso tsena boitshwaro ka ho qaqileng haholoanyane Khaolong ea 6, 'me ho na le puisano e susumetsang e babatsehang ea bona ka sehlomathiso sa buka ea van de Rijt (2014) . Khoebong-offs tse tlang le ho sebetsa tsamaiso e teng hase sebaka se loketseng sa mong le e mong morero ona, 'me ka lebaka leo bafuputsi ba bang ba haha ​​hae tsamaiso bona etsa liteko, le sehlooho sa karolo e latelang.