5.4.1 eBird
eBird bokella data ho linonyana li balehe birders; Baithaopi ba ka fana ka tekanyo e libopeho tse hore ha ho thimi etsa lipatlisiso ka tšoanang le.
Linonyana tse hohle, 'me ornithologists rata ho tseba moo le leng le nonyana e nakong motsotso mongwe le mongwe. Fuoa e joalo e sete ea datha phethahetseng, ornithologists ka araba lipotso tse ngata tsa motheo tsa naha ea bona. Ke 'nete hore ho bokella ya data sena ke ha khoneha hore mofuputsi itseng. Ka nako e tšoanang le ornithologists lakatsa ya data ruileng le e feletseng haholoanyane, "birders" -people ba eang nonyana shebella bakeng sa monyaka-ba kamehla linonyana bolokang 'me documenting seo ba se bonang. baahi ba metse ena e 'meli e-na le histori e telele ea itahletse, empa hona joale collaborations tsena li' nile tsa fetohe ka ho le lilemo li dijethale. eBird ke aba ho bokella litaba projeke eo solicits tlhahisoleseding ho tswa birders lefatšeng ka bophara, 'me e se a ntse a ile a fumana tse fetang limilione tse 260 sightings nonyana barupeluoa 250,000 (Kelling et al. 2015) .
Pele ho thakholoa ha eBird, boholo ba ya data bōpiloe ke birders ne fumanehe moholo ho bafuputsi:
"Ka likete-kete tsa Closets lefat seng ka bophara kajeno bua leshano ngollang tse se nang palo, likarete tsa index, li manaanenetefatso dilated, 'me diaries. Ba bang ba rona amehang ka ditheo tsa birding tseba hantle pherekano eo utloa ka makhetlo-khetlo hoo e ka bang 'ea tlalehang taba nonyana elella bofelong ba malome oa ka a' Re tseba hore na bohlokoa ba ka. Ka masoabi, re boetse re tseba hore re ke keng li sebelisa. " (Fitzpatrick et al. 2002)
Ho e-na ho ba le sena ya data bohlokoa lula e sa sebelisoe, eBird nolofalletsa birders ho kenya o isa sebakeng se gare wa dijitale polokelongtshedimosetso. Data uploaded ho eBird na tse tšeletseng masimo bohlokoa: mang, moo, ha, ke eng, ke mefuta e ngata hakae, le boiteko. Etsoe babali bao e seng birding, 'boiteko bo "le bolela mekhoa e sebelisoa ha a ntse a etsa lintho tse hlokometsoeng. batlana Data boleng qala le pele ya data e uploaded. Birders leka ho ikokobelletsa sa tloaelehang litlaleho tse-tse kang litlaleho tsa mefuta etsahala seoelo haholo, ho lokisa mathata ao phahameng haholo, kapa ho tsoa sehla litlaleho tse-ba flagged, 'me websaeteng ka tsela e iketsang kopang boitsebiso bo eketsehileng, tse kang lifoto. Ka mor'a hore bokella tlhahisoleseding ena e eketsehileng, e tlaleha ka ho flagged ba romeloa e mong oa ba makholo ba litsebi tsa baithaopi lebatowa hlahlojoa hore ho eketsehileng. Ka mor'a hore etsa lipatlisiso ke lebatowa setsebi-ho akarelletsa le ho khoneha ngollano tsa tlatsetso le birder-e leng litlaleho tse flagged ba mohlomong lahliloeng joalokaha ke keng ea tšeptjoa kapa ba kena eBird polokelongtshedimosetso (Kelling et al. 2012) . Polokelongtshedimosetso ena ea hlokometsoeng screened e ntan'o fumantshwa ho mang kapa mang lefatšeng le mabapi sa Inthanete le ho fihlela joale, hoo e ka bang 100 ea lithaka-pheta tse ngotsoeng likhatisong tse 'nile ba sebelisa e (Bonney et al. 2014) . eBird bontša ka ho hlaka hore moithaopi birders ba khona ho bokella ya data e molemo bakeng sa ho etsa lipatlisiso sebele ornithology.
E mong oa bakitoko ea eBird ke hore e hapa "Mosebetsi" o se a ntse a etsahalang-tabeng ena, birding. Tsobotsi ena nolofalletsa morero ho fihlela tekanyo e haholo. Leha ho le joalo, ho thoe "mosebetsi" o etsoang ke birders ha se hantle tšoanang le ya data hlokahala ka ornithologists. Ka mohlala, ka eBird, pokello ya data e laolwang ke lefelo la birders eseng sebaka sa linonyana. Sena se bolela hore, ho etsa mohlala, tse hlokometsoeng ka ho fetisisa atisa ho etsahala haufi le mebila e (Kelling et al. 2012; Kelling et al. 2015) . Ho phaella ho kabo ena lekaneng ho boiteko bo holim 'sebaka, e leng lintho tse hlokometsoeng sebele entsoeng ka birders hase kamehla bo ratehang hakaalo. Ka mohlala, ba bang ba birders feela kenya boitsebiso bo eketsehileng mabapi le mefuta e le hore ba hlahlobe thahasellisang ho e-na uploading tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le mefuta e sohle seo ba hlokometse.
eBird bafuputsi ba le litharollo tse peli ka sehloohong ho ditaba tsena ya data quality, litokollo tse hlahang liphetolelong tse ngata tsa aba merero e meng pokello ya data. Taba ea pele, eBird bafuputsi ba kamehla ho leka ho ntlafatsa boleng ba ya data ke birders. Ka mohlala, eBird fana thuto ho barupeluoa, 'me e bōpileng visualizations ya data ka mong hore, ka moralo oa, khothalletsa birders ho kenya boitsebiso bo eketsehileng mabapi le mefuta e sohle seo ba hlokomela, eseng feela karolo (Wood et al. 2011; Wiggins 2011) . Ea bobeli, eBird bafuputsi ba sebelisa dikai dipalopalo hore leka ho lokisa bakeng sa lerata le heterogeneous mofuta ya data e tala. Ke e-s'o e hlakileng ha dikai tsena dipalopalo ka botlalo ho tlosa ho tloha biases ya data, empa ornithologists kholisehile ka ho lekaneng boleng ba ya data fetola eBird hore, joalokaha e ne e boletsoeng pejana, e 'nile ea sebelisoa ka har'a lingoliloeng tsa hoo e ka bang 100 ea lithaka-pheta saense.
Bangata bao e seng ornithologists ke qalong lekhonono fetisisa ha ba utloa ka eBird ka lekhetlo la pele. Ka maikutlo a, karolo ea lipelaelo ena tsoa ho nahana ka eBird ka tsela e fosahetseng. Batho ba bangata ba oa pele nahana "Na boitsebiso eBird phethahetseng?", 'me karabo e feletseng ke ke. Leha ho le joalo, e le hore se nahana ka potso ena e nepahetseng. Potso e nepahetseng le, "Bakeng sa lipotso tse e itseng ho etsa lipatlisiso, ke boitsebiso bo eBird molemo ho feta data eo o teng ornithology?" Ka potso eo karabo ke sebele e, ka karolo e itseng hobane le lipotso tse ngata tse ling tse thahasellisang ha ho na utloahalang nkang sebaka sa ho pokello aba ya data.
Ngoe kahong eo eBird bontša hore hoa khoneha ho kenyelletsa baithaopi ea pokello ea data ho bohlokoahali tsa saense. Leha ho le joalo, eBird, le tse amanang le merero e mecha, e bontša hore diphepetso tse amanang le mohlala le data boleng ba amehileng ka sona bakeng sa ho ajoa diporojeke pokello ya data. Joalokaha re tla bona karolong e latelang ho le joalo, ba nang le moetso oa tsona o bohlale 'me le theknoloji dingongoreho tsena ka fokotsa a di-setting tse ling.
