5.4.3 Qetello
Aba pokello ya data ho khoneha, 'me nakong e tlang o tla ka etsahala hore ebe akarelletsa theknoloji le ho nka karolo etseng letho.
Joalokaha eBird bontša, aba pokello ya data e ka sebediswa bakeng sa phuputso ea saense. Ho ekelletsa moo, PhotoCity bontša hore mathata a amanang le ho mehlala le ya data boleng ba nang le monyetla solvable.
U ka 'na a aba ho bokella litaba mosebetsi bakeng sa phuputso sechabeng? A mohlala o babatsehang tsoa qalisoa mosebetsi oa ho Susan Watkins le basebetsi-'moho ba hae ka Malawi limakasine Project (Watkins and Swidler 2009; Kaler, Watkins, and Angotti 2015) . Ka morero ona, 22 baahi-bitsoa "baqolotsi ba litaba '-kept" likoranteng tsa qoqa "hore tlalehiloeng, ka ho qaqileng, meqoqo eo ba utloa ka AIDS bophelong ea letsatsi le letsatsi batho ba tloaelehileng (ka nako eo morero qala, hoo e ka bang 15% ea batho ba baholo Malawi li ile tsa le tšoaetso ea HIV (Bello, Chipeta, and Aberle-Grasse 2006) ). Ka lebaka la boemo ba bona Insider, baqolotsi ba litaba tsena e ne e khona ho overhear ho qala moqoqo o ka 'na ba' nile ba atameleha ho Susan Watkins le mo sebelisana le bona ho etsa lipatlisiso Western (Ke tla buisana le boitshwaro bo ea ka hamorao khaolo ha ke fana ka keletso mabapi le ho qapa ea hao boima tshebedisano projeke ). Ya data ho tloha Malawi limakasine Project se entse hore ho 'maloa a se fumaneng bohlokoa. Ka mohlala, pele morero qala, ntle tse ngata o ne a lumela hore ho ne ho khutsitsoe ka AIDS ka boroa ho Sahara ea Afrika, empa likoranteng tsa ea bontša hore sena e ne e ka ho hlaka ha ho joalo: baqolotsi ba litaba utloa makholo-kholo moqoqo ka taba eo, libakeng tse sa tšoaneng joaloka mapato , libareng le likereke. Ho ekelletsa moo, sebōpeho sa meqoqo tsena thusa bafuputsi utloisisa hantle hore tse ling tsa ho itoanela ho sebelisa khohlopo; tsela eo u sebelise khohlopo e ile Framed a melaetsa bophelo bo botle setjhaba ne dumellane le tsela eo ho ne ho tšohloa bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi (Tavory and Swidler 2009) .
Ke 'nete hore, joaloka data ho tswa eBird, ya data ho tloha Malawi limakasine Project hase phethahetseng, tseko tšohloa ka ho qaqileng ka ho Watkins le basebetsi-'moho. Ka mohlala, meqoqo e tlalehiloeng hase sampole tjee meqoqo khoneha. Na le hoo, ba ile ba ba e bala sechaba sa fellang ea meqoqo ka AIDS. Ho latela boleng ya data, bafuputsi ba lumela hore baqolotsi ba litaba ba bona ba ne ba boleng bo phahameng batlalehi, a pakoang ke mantsoe a tsoanang la matsatsing a likoranteng tsa le ka mose makwalopakeng. Ho ekelletsa moo, ha baqolotsi ba litaba tse lekaneng tse malala e nyenyane bophirima ho lekaneng 'me litlaleho li tsepame sehlooho se itseng se khethehileng, redundancy ile ea e-ho ka khonehang, e leng eketsa kholiseho ea boleng ya data. Ka mohlala, mosebetsi-kopanela liphate bitsoang "Stella" o ile a bontša fihlang makhetlo a 'maloa ka likoranteng tsa oa baqolotsi ba litaba tse' nè tse fapaneng (Watkins and Swidler 2009) . Joalokaha e ne e PhotoCity, tšebeliso ea redundancy ke molao-motheo ea bohlokoa bakeng sa lekola le ho etsa bonnete ba boleng ya data a aba diporojeke pokello ya data. E le hore a hahe ka ho eketsehileng intuition hao, Table 5.3 go bontša ka mehlala e meng ea pokello aba data ya ho etsa lipatlisiso sechabeng.
| Data bokella | qotse |
|---|---|
| Lipuisanong ka HIV / AIDS Malawi | Watkins and Swidler (2009) ; Kaler, Watkins, and Angotti (2015) |
| Street kōpa London | Purdam (2014) |
| liketsahalo ntoa e neng e Eastern Congo | Windt and Humphreys (2016) |
| moruo Nigeria le Liberia | Blumenstock, Keleher, and Reisinger (2016) |
| ntaramane leihlo | Noort et al. (2015) |
Kaofela ha mehlala e hlalositsoeng karolong sena amehang ho nka karolo ke le mafolofolo boboleling: baqolotsi ba litaba ba transcribed ho qala moqoqo o ba utloa; birders uploaded birding manaanenetefatso bona; kapa batshameki uploaded photos la bona. Empa ho thoe'ng haeba ho nka karolo eo e ne e jarolla ka ho iketsa 'me ha a hloke leng bokhoni boo leha e le efe e tobileng kapa nako ea ho ikokobelletsa? Sena ke tšepiso ea fanoang ke "phopholetsa ho kenya letsoho" kapa "batho-centric phopholetsa." Ka mohlala, Pothole Patrol, e leng 'project ke bo-rasaense ba boemong med, mounted GPS accelerometers hlomelloa ka hare cabs tekesi supileng tse sebakeng seo Boston (Eriksson et al. 2008) . Hobane khanna holim 'Pothole e siea se ikemetseng accelerometer pontšo, lisebelisoeng tsena, ha behoa ka hare ho taxis falla, ho ka baka limmapa Pothole ea Boston. Ke 'nete hore taxis u se ke ua lootho latsoa litsela, empa fuoa taxis lekaneng, ho ka ba le e lekaneng fana ka kgaso ho fana tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le likarolo tse ling e kholo ea ba motse. Molemo oa bobeli oa litsamaiso etseng letho hore itšetleha ka thekenoloji ke hore ba de-leng bokhoni boo tshebetso ya ho tlatsetsa ya data: le hoja ho hloka bokhoni ba ho sebelisa tlatsetsa eBird (hobane u lokela ho ba khona ho tshepahala khetholla mefuta nonyana), e hloka ho se fumants'a litsebo tsa ho khethehileng tlatsetsa Pothole Patrol.
Tswela pele, ke belaella hore pokello e mengata ya data aba diporojeke tla qala ho sebelisa bokgoni ba lithelefono tsa cellular tse se a ntse a nkile ka ho ba limilione tse likete batho lefatšeng ka bophara. lifono bana ba seng ba e-na le palo e kholo ea e hlahlobang le habohlokoa hore lekanya, tse kang li-microphone, lik'hamera, disebediswa GPS, 'me lioache. Ho ekelletsa moo, lifono tsena cellular tšehetsa ditiriso tsa mokga wa boraro nolofalletsa bafuputsi ba bang ba e laola bothata bo itseng 'diprothokole pokello ya data. Qetellong, lifono bana ba Internet-kgokelo ya, ho etsa ho ka khoneha ho bona hore ba off-laela ya data ba bokella. Ho na le mathata a mangata botekgeniki tsoang e hlahlobang nepahalang ho qeta bophelo bohle lekanyelitsoeng betri, empa mathata ana ho ka etsahala hore fokotseha ha nako e ntse joalokaha thekenoloji develops. Litaba tse amanang le sephiri mme boitshwaro bo, ka lehlakoreng le leng, a ka 'na fumana e rarahaneng ho feta ha thekenoloji develops; Ke tla khutlela ho botsa lipotso tse ngata tsa melao ya boitshwaro ha ke fana ka keletso mabapi le ho qapa boima ea hao tshebedisano.
A aba diporojeke pokello ya data, baithaopi ba tlatsetsa tshedimosetso ka lefatše. Mokhoa ona o se o sebelisoa ka katleho, 'me o sebelisa nakong e tlang e tla ka etsahala hore ebe lokela ho shebana le mohlala le data boleng khathatsehileng ka tsona. Ka lehlohonolo, merero teng kang PhotoCity le Pothole Patrol fana ka maikutlo a tharollo mathateng a bana. Joalokaha diporojeke tse eketsehileng nka monyetla ka theknoloji e nolofalletsa de-hloahloa le etseng letho ho nka karolo, aba pokello ya data diporojeke lokela tsela e hlollang eketsa a sekaleng, nolofalletsa bafuputsi ho bokella ya data e le hore e ne e mpa tima meeli nakong e fetileng.
