6.5 peli etsa moralo wa boitshwaro

Pheha khang ka ho fetisisa ka boitshwaro bo etsa lipatlisiso fokotsa ho se utloane pakeng tsa consequentialism le deontology.

'Nè tse melao-motheo ena boitshwaro ba bona ka bobona haholo-holo tsoa etsa moralo wa tse peli tse eketsehileng inahaneloang boitshwaro: consequentialism le deontology. Ho utloisisa etsa moralo wa tsena molemo hobane ho tla u thusa hore u khetholla 'me joale beha mabaka ka bang e' ngoe ea tsitsipano ka ho fetisisa ea motheo ka boitshwaro bo etsa lipatlisiso: ha U ka sebelisa mokgwa nang le monyetla fosahetseng ho fihlela se ileng sa felisa boitšoaro.

Consequentialism, le nang le metso mosebetsing oa Jeremy Bentham le Johanne Stuart Mill, e bua haholo ka ho nka liketso tse lebisang ho e re e molemo ka lefatše (Sinnott-Armstrong 2014) . Molao-motheo oa Beneficence, e leng e bua haholo ka go lekalekanyo ipeha kotsing ea le melemo, ke ea teba monahano oa consequentialist. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, deontology, le nang le metso mosebetsing oa Immanuel Kant, e bua haholo ka mesebetsi boitshwaro, ikemetseng liphello tsa bona (Alexander and Moore 2015) . Molao-motheo oa ho Hlompha Batho, e leng bua ka boikemelo ea barupeluoa, ke ea teba monahano oa deontological. Tsela e potlakela 'me a sa jese litheohelang ho khetholla etsa moralo wa eo e' meli ke hore consequentialists tsepamisa kelello lipheletsong le deontologists tsepamisa kelello bolela'ng.

Ho bona kamoo matlhomeso tsena tse peli ka fapana, nahana tumello ya hae. matlhomeso ka bobeli ka sebelisoa ho tšehetsa tumello ya hae empa bakeng sa mabaka a sa tšoaneng. A pheha khang ha ho consequentialist bakeng tumello tsebiswa ke hore e re thusa ho thibela tshenyo barupeluoa ke hanelang lipatlisiso tseo ha ka tsela e loketseng leka-lekanya ipeha kotsing ea le ho rua molemo o lebeletse. Ka mantsoe a mang, ba nahana consequentialist ne a tšehetsa tumello ya hae hobane e re thusa hore thibela diphetho bobe bakeng sa barupeluoa. Leha ho le joalo, ho pheha khang ka deontological bakeng tumello tsebiswa e bua haholo ka mosebetsi wa mofuputsi e mong o ea ho hlompha boikemelo ea barupeluoa ba hae. Fuoa e atamela mathata ana, e consequentialist hloekileng ka 'na ua ikemisetsa ho nyahlatsa tlhokahalo bakeng tumello tsebiswa ka beha mohlala o moo ho ne ho se na kotsi, athe deontologist e hloekileng bonatla hape eseng jwalo.

Ka bobeli consequentialism le deontology fana habohlokoa hakaale boitshwaro temohisiso, empa e mong ka nkoa a feteletse lintho utloahaleng. Etsoe consequentialism, e mong oa maemong ana a feteletseng ne a ka bitsoa transplant. Ak'u nahane feela hore ngaka ea nang bakuli ba bahlano ba shoang ea ho hloleha lekala 'me e mong le mamello haholoanyane ka bophelo bo botle bao litho tsa ka hare ka pholosa tsohle tse hlano. Tlas'a maemo a itseng, ngaka consequenalist tla lumelloa-esita le hlokahala-e le hore ba bolaee ba mokuli bophelo bo botle ho fumana litho tse ba hae. Sena se lebiseng tlhokomelo mefuteng e feletseng mabapi le lipheletso, ntle mabapi le mokgwa, ke fosahetseng.

Ka ho tšoanang, deontology ka boela ho nkoa hore a feteletse sa phutholoha, tse kang tabeng ea hore o ne a tla bitsoa Timebomb. Ak'u nahane feela hore lepolesa ea neng a hapuoe e likhukhuni ea tsebang sebaka ya ticking timebomb hore ba tla le bolaea batho ba limilione. A lepolesa deontological ne a ke ke a bua leshano e le hore a qhekella e likhukhuni ho kena senola lefelo la bomo eo. Sena se lebiseng tlhokomelo mefuteng e feletseng mabapi le mokgwa, ntle litumeliso ho isa lipheletsong, boetse ho na le liphoso '.

Ka mokhoa ona, bafuputsi ba bangata ba tsoang sechabeng feletseng amohela e leng motsoako oa etsa moralo wa ena e 'meli boitšoaro. Hlokomela kopanya ena ea likolo boitshwaro thusa ho hlakisa hore na ke hobane'ng a mangata boitshwaro pheha khang-e leng tšekamelo ea ho ba pakeng tsa batho ba eketsehileng consequentialist 'me ba eketsehileng deontological-don't hatela pele e khōlō. pheha khang tsena seoelo rarolla hobane consequentialists fana likhang mabapi lipheletsong, likhang tse sa kholisang ho deontologists ba tšoenyehileng mabapi le hore. Ka ho tšoanang, deontologists atisa ho fana ka likhang mabapi le hore, tse sa kholisang ho consequentialists ba tsepame lipheletsong. Likhang pakeng tsa consequentialists le deontologists li tšoana likepe tse peli feta bosiu.

tharollo e le 'ngoe ho pheha khang tsena tla be bafuputsi sechabeng ea hore ba be le mokhoa o tsitsitseng, boitšoarong tiileng,' me ho le bonolo-to-etsa motsoako oa consequentialism le deontology. Ka bomalimabe, e le hore 's hlola ho etsahala; bo-rafilosofi ba 'nile ba sebetsa ka mathata ana ka nako e telele. Ka hona, ke nahana hore feela tseleng ea liketso tse ke ho lumela hore re ba sebetsa ho tloha metheo sa dumellane le muddle pele.