6.6.3 Privacy
Privacy ke tokelo ea ho phalla loketseng boitsebiso bo eketsehileng.
A sebakeng sa karolo ea boraro moo bafuputsi ba ka 'na ba thatafalloa ke a ba sephiring. Joalokaha Lowrance (2012) e beha haholo succinctly: ". Boinotši ba lokela ho hlomphuoa kaha batho ba lokela ho hlomphuoa" Privacy Leha ho le joalo, ke tumme ka bohlasoa kgopolo (Nissenbaum 2010, Ch. 4) , 'me ha a joalo, e ke ho le thata ho li sebelisa ha ba leka ho etsa liqeto tse hlakile mabapi lipatlisiso.
Tsela e tloaelehileng ho nahana ka boinotši ba na le ea phatlalatsa / dichotomy boinotšing. Ke tsela ena ea ho nahana, haeba u fumane boitsebiso bo ke phatlalatsa fihlellwe, joale e ka sebediswa ke bafuputsi ntle dingongoreho mabapi tlōla boinotši ba batho. Empa mokhoa ona o ka matha le mathateng. Ka mohlala, ka November 2007 Costas Panagopoulos romela mong le e mong litoropong tse tharo lengolo mabapi le e tlang a dikgetho. Litoropong-Monticello tse peli, Iowa le Holland, Michigan-Panagopoulos tšepisa / tšosa ka hore phatlalatsa lethathamo la batho ba neng ba kgethilego koranteng. A mang toropong-Ely, Iowa-Panagopoulos tšepisa / tšosa ka hore phatlalatsa lethathamo la batho ba neng ba sa kgethilego koranteng. Liphekolo tsena li ne li etselitsoe ho susumelletsa boikhohomoso le ho hlajoa ke lihlong (Panagopoulos 2010) hobane maikutlo ana a ne a fumanoe hore tshusumetso turnout lithutong tsa pejana (Gerber, Green, and Larimer 2008) . Tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le ba neng ba le dikgetho le ea sa e phatlalatsa e United States; motho a ka fumana ho eona. Kahoo, e mong o ne a pheha khang ea hore kaha enoa a kenya boitsebiso vouta e se e ntse phatlalatsa, ha ho na bothata ba mofuputsi ea phatlalatsa eona ka koranta ea. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho hong ka khang ea hore o ikutloa a fositse ka hore a batho ba bangata.
Ka mohlala sena se bontša, ho ea fuoa sechaba / dichotomy poraefete haholo hlabang (boyd and Crawford 2012; Markham and Buchanan 2012) . A tsela e molemo ea ho nahana ka sephiri, 'ngoe ho khetheha e etselitsoeng ho sebetsana litokollo hōlisitsoe ke le lilemo dijethale, ke khopolo ea a moelelo botšepehi (Nissenbaum 2010) . Ho e-na hlahloba boitsebiso bo phatlalatsa kapa sephiring, a moelelo botšepehi bua ka phallang ka boitsebiso ba bohlokoa. Ka mohlala, batho ba bangata ba e ne e tla unbothered haeba ngaka ea bona ba ile ba kopanela direkoto tsa bophelo ba bona le ngaka e 'ngoe empa e ne e tla ba sa thabang ha ngaka ea bona rekisa fumane boitsebiso bo tšoanang ena le k'hamphani mebaraka. Kahoo, ho ea ka Nissenbaum (2010) , "le tokelo ea ho boinotši ba ha e le tokelo ho sephiring kapa le tokelo ea ho e laola empa le tokelo ea ho phalla loketseng tlhahisoleseding e kgethehileng ka."
Kgopolo ka senotlolo boo a moelelo botšepehi ke moelelo oa taba-lekanyelitsoeng informational Litloaelo (Nissenbaum 2010) . Tsena ke Litloaelo e laolang ea phallang ea boitsebiso bo mabapi le di-setting tse tobileng tseo, 'me ba ikemiselitse ke entsprechen tse tharo:
- batšoantšisi (taba ena, rometsoe ke motho, moamohedi)
- litšobotsi (tshedimosetso ya mefuta)
- phetiso melao-motheo (liqholotso tlas'a e leng tlhahisoleseding e phallang)
Kahoo, ha uena joaloka mofuputsi e ba etsa qeto ea hore na ho sebelisa ya data ntle le tumello ho molemo ho botsa, "Na u sebelise sena e khahlanong le moelelo oa taba-lekanyelitsoeng informational Litloaelo?" Khutlela tabeng ea Panagopoulos (2010) , tabeng ena, ba le ka ntle ho mofuputsi phatlalatsa lethathamo la bakgethi kapa bao e seng bakgethi koranteng bonahala ka etsahala hore e khahlanong le ditlwaelo informational. Ha e le hantle, Panagopoulos ha aa latele tsoela pele tšepiso ea hae / tšokelo hobane bahlanka dikgetho tsa lehae tsa amahanngoa litlhaku ho eena 'me a phehella eena hore e ne e se mohopolo o motle (Issenberg 2012, 307) .
Maemong a mang ho le joalo, nahana ka moelelo oa taba Litloaelo-lekanyelitsoeng informational hloka a batla a ho feta ho nahanela. Ka mohlala, a re ke re khutlele ho hlaha monyetla oa ho sebelisa cellular letsetsoa notlelela ho Track ho tsamaiswa nakong ea qhoma Ebola Afrika Bophirimela ka 2014, nyeoe eo ke tšohloa kenyelletso ho khaolo ena (Wesolowski et al. 2014) . Sebakeng sena se, re ka inahanela maemo a mabeli a fapaneng:
- Boemo bo 1: romela ka ho feletseng ya data letooto [sehloohong]; ho mebuso ea sa fellang legitimacy [batšoantšisi]; bakeng sa ka moso leha e le efe ho ka khonehang sebelisa [phetiso melao-motheo]
- Boemo bo 2: romela mokhoa o sa fellang anonymized direkoto tsa [sehloohong]; bafuputsi ba hlompha univesithi [batšoantšisi]; bakeng sa ho sebelisoa e le karabelo ea qhoma Ebola le ho bolebeli ba yunivesithi mapolanka boitshwaro [phetiso melao-motheo]
Le hoja a ka bobeli maemo ana bitsa ya data ba phallang ho tsoa k'hamphani eo, Litloaelo informational malebana le maemo ana a mabeli ha ba se tšoanang ka lebaka la ho se tšoane pakeng tsa batšoantšisi, e itseng li entsoe, 'me melao-motheo ea phetiso amehang. Ho lebisa tlhokomelo le mong feela oa entsprechen tsena ho ka etsa hore ho feta tekano bebofatsa taba ho etsa qeto. Ha e le hantle, Nissenbaum (2015) hatisa hore le ea mong oa entsprechen tsena tse tharo ka fokotswa ho ba bang, leha e le ka e 'ngoe ea tsona ka bomong hlalosa Litloaelo informational. Sena se mofuta mahlakore a mararo tsa Litloaelo informational hlalosa lebaka leo nakong e fetileng boiteko ba-tse tsepamisa maikutlo litšobotsi mohlomong kapa phetiso melao-motheo-ba 'nile ba tsoele molemo nakong hapang lumellanang ka eona-ka kutloisiso e leng likhopolo tsa ba sephiring.
Phephetso e 'ngoe le sebelisa khopolo ea ditlwaelo moelelo oa taba-lekanyelitsoeng informational ho tataisa liqeto tsa ke hore bafuputsi ba ka' na ba tsebe pele ho nako 'me ba thata haholo ho lekanya (Acquisti, Brandimarte, and Loewenstein 2015) . Ho ekelletsa moo, esita le haeba ba bang ba etsa lipatlisiso ba ne khahlanong a moelelo-lekanyelitsoeng Litloaelo informational seo ha se bolele hore tsela e iketsang ho etsa lipatlisiso ha ea lokela ho etsahala. Ha e le hantle, Khaolong ea 8 ea Nissenbaum (2010) ke ka ho feletseng ka "Breaking Melao Molemo." Ho sa tsotellehe mathata ana, moelelong oa taba-lekanyelitsoeng Litloaelo informational ntse e le tsela e molemo haholo ho beha mabaka ka lipotso tse amanang le ho ba sephiring.
Qetellong, boinotši ba ke sebakeng sa moo ke bone se utloisisane ba bangata pakeng tsa bafuputsi ba ka bohlokwa bja Hlompha Batho le ba ka bohlokwa bja Beneficence. Ak'u nahane feela ka taba ea mofuputsi bophelo bo botle setjhaba ileng a sekhukhu lebela batho nka melupe hobane utloisisa bohloeki ea bohlokoa ke ho thibela ho ata ha padi mafu a tšoaetsanoang. Bafuputsi ho lebisa tlhokomelo Beneficence ne a nahanisisa ka melemo ea sechabeng lipatlisiso ena 'me ka ba ba pheha khang ea hore ha ho na kotsi barupeluoa ha mofuputsi eo a se etsang lihloela hae ntle phumano. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, bafuputsi ba neng ba ka bohlokwa bja Hlompha Batho ba ne ba ameha ka taba ea hore mofuputsi e sa tšoara batho ba nang le tlhompho 'me ha e le hantle ho li etsa kotsi ka ho tlōla boinotši ba bona. Ka bomalimabe, ha ho bonolo ho rarolla maikutlo a loantšanang boemo ena (le hoja tharollo e molemohali tabeng ena a ka 'na feela ba ho kōpa tumello).
Qetellong, ha u buisana le mothating oa sephiri, ho molemo ho susumelletsa nģ'ane ho feteletseng bebofatsa taba ea phatlalatsa / dichotomy poraefete le ho beha mabaka ho e-na le mothating Litloaelo moelelo oa taba-lekanyelitsoeng tlhahisoleseding, tse entsoeng ka nako e fihlang likarolo tse tharo: batšoantšisi (taba ena, rometsoe ke motho, moamohedi), litšobotsi (tshedimosetso ya mefuta), 'me melao-motheo ea phetiso (liqholotso tlas'a e leng tlhahisoleseding e phallang) (Nissenbaum 2010) . Bafuputsi ba bang hlahloba boinotši ba ya ka dipehelo tsa ntša kotsi e ka hlahang ha tlōlo ea sephiri, athe bafuputsi tse ling ba nka hore tlōlo ea boinotši ba e le ntša kotsi a le oa ka boeona. Hobane leng likhopolo tsa boinotši ba a litsamaiso tse ngata tsa digital fetoha ha nako e ntse, ho fapana ho ea ka batho, 'me fapana ho ea boemo ba boemong (Acquisti, Brandimarte, and Loewenstein 2015) , boinotši ba ke ho ka etsahala hore e be mohloli oa liqeto tse boima boitshwaro bakeng bafuputsi bakeng sa ba bang nako.
