3.3.2 tekanyo
Lekanya ke ka ho etsa inferences ho seo ba arabetseng ba se buang ho seo ba arabetseng ba hao ba nahana le ho etsa.
Mokhahlelo oa bobeli oa ho fumana kakaretso ea moralo oa ts'ebetso phoso phuputso e entsoeng ke lekanya; e sebetsana le hore na re ka etsa inferences tsoang likarabo tseo ba arabetseng fa lipotso tsa rōna. E fellang kateng le hore likarabo tseo re li fumanang, 'me kahoo, ke tsona inferences re etsa, e ka itšetleha ka litsela-on nyatsa-nyatsa-' me a ka linako tse ling ho makatse hantle hore na re li botsa. Mohlomong ha ho letho le e bontša ntlha ena ea bohlokoa hamolemo ho feta e le motlae ka sona bukeng e babatsehang botsa lipotso ka Norman Bradburn, Seymour Sudman, 'me Brian Wansink (2004) :
baprista ba babeli, e Dominican le e Mojesuite, ba buisana hore na ke sebe ho tsuba 'me le rapele ka nako e le' ngoe. Ka mor'a hore ho hlōleha ho finyella qeto e, e mong le lla ho buisana fapaneng mookameli oa hae. The Dominican re, "o ile a Buelang phahametse?"
The Mojesuite arabela, "O ile a re ho ne ho ke siame."
"Eo qabola le" Dominican araba, "mookameli oa ka o ile a re e ne e le sebe."
The Mojesuite o ile a re, "U ne u mo kōpe?" The Dominican araba, "Ke ile ka mo botsa haeba e ne e ke siame ho tsuba ha u ntse u rapela." "Oh" ile a re: Mojesuite, "Ke botsa hore na ho ne ho OK ho rapela ha a ntse a tsuba."
Ho na le mehlala e mengata ea anomalies kang e hlahelang baprista ba babeli. Ha e le hantle, taba haholo e leng motso oa soasoa ena o na le lebitso ka hara motse etsa lipatlisiso phuputso e entsoeng: potso foromo liphello (Kalton and Schuman 1982) . Ho bona kamoo liphello potso foromo ka 'na tshusumetso dipatlisiso sebele, nahana tsena tse peli tšoana haholo lipotso tse shebeloa phuputso e entsoeng:
- "Ruri ho ka u lumellana le polelong e latelang: Batho ba eketsehileng molato ho feta maemo tsoang sechabeng bakeng sa tlōlo ea molao le ho hloka molao naheng ena."
- "Ruri ho ka u lumellana le polelo ea latelang: maemo Social ho ka molato ho feta batho ka bomong bakeng tlōlo ea molao le ho hloka molao naheng ena."
Le hoja lipotso tse ka bobeli hlaha ho lekanya ntho e tšoanang, ba ile ba hlahiswa diphetho tse fapaneng ka teko ea sebele phuputso e entsoeng (Schuman and Presser 1996) . Ha a botsoa ka tsela e 'ngoe, e ka bang 60% ea ba arabetseng tlaleha hore batho ka bomong ba ne ba eketsehileng molato bakeng sa tlolo ea molao, empa ha a botsa ka tsela e nngwe e ka bang 60% ea tlaleha hore maemo tsoang sechabeng ne eketsehileng molato (Figure 3.2). Ka mantsoe a mang, phapang e nyenyane pakeng tsa lipotso tse 'meli ka lebisang bafuputsi ho fihlela qeto e fapaneng.
Figure 3.2: Results ho tswa ho teko phuputso e entsoeng (Schuman and Presser 1996, Table 8.1) . Bafuputsi ka fumana likarabo tse fapaneng ho itšetlehile ka hantle feela kamoo ba botsa potso eo. Sena ke mohlala oa phello e potso foromo (Kalton and Schuman 1982) .
Ho phaella ho sebopeho sa potso e reng, arabetseng ka boela fana ka likarabo tse fapaneng thehiloeng mantsoe tse tobileng tseo a sebelisa. Ka mohlala, e le hore ho lekanya maikutlo mabapi lintho tse tlang pele 'muso, ba arabetseng ba ne ba bala e potlakileng eo latelang:
"Re tobane le mathata a mangata naheng ena, ha ho e ka rarolloa habonolo kapa inexpensively. Ke tl'o bolela a mang a mathata ana, 'me bakeng sa mong le e mong Nka rata hore u ee le mpolelle hore na u nahana hore re se ntse u sebelisa chelete e ngata haholo ho eona, chelete e nyenyane haholo, kapa hoo e ka bang e lekaneng. "
". Ya dithuso bakeng sa mafutsana" Ka mor'a moo, halofo ea ba arabetseng ba neng ba botsa ka 'boiketlo "le halofo ba ne ba botsa ka Leha li ka bonahala eka lipoleloana tse peli tse fapaneng bakeng sa ntho e tšoanang, ba elicited diphetho fapaneng haholo (Figure 3.3); Maamerika a tlaleha ho ba tse tobileng haholoanyane tšehetsa "thuso ho mafutsana" ho feta "boiketlo" (Smith 1987; Rasinski 1989; Huber and Paris 2013) . Ha a ntse a bafuputsi phuputso e entsoeng nahana liphello tsena mantsoe ho ba anomalies, ba ne ba boetse li nka se fumaneng lipatlisiso. Ke hore, re se re ithutile ho hong ka maikutlo a sechaba ho tloha lebaka lena.
Figure 3.3: Results tsoang Huber and Paris (2013) . Arabetseng ba tse tobileng haholoanyane tšehetsa "thuso ho mafutsana" ho feta "boiketlo." Sena ke mohlala oa potso e mantsoe le phello oo ka oona likarabo tseo bafuputsi ba fumana itšetleha ka hantle feela e leng mantsoe a ba sebelisa ka lipotso tsa bona.
Joalokaha mehlala ena e ka potso liphello foromo le liphello mantsoe bontša, likarabo tseo bafuputsi ba fumana ka susumetsoa ka litsela tse poteletseng thehiloeng kamoo ba botsa lipotso tsa bona. Sena ha se bolele hore liphuputso lea lokela ho sebelisoa; hangata ho na le se na boikhethelo. Na le hoo, mehlala e bontša hore re lokela ho haha lipotso tsa rōna ka hloko 'me re lokela ho amohela likarabo uncritically.
Most concretely, sena se bolela hore haeba u hlahloba ya data phuputso e entsoeng bokella ke motho e mong, etsa bonnete ba hore o bala potsolotso sebele. 'Me, haeba u bōpa la dipotso tsa hao, ke na le litlhahiso tse tharo. Qalong, ke fana ka maikutlo a u bala boitsebiso bo eketsehileng mabapi la dipotso tsa boqapi (mohlala, Bradburn, Sudman, and Wansink (2004) ); ho na le ho eketsehileng ho e feta ke 'nile ka khona ho hlalosa mona. Ea bobeli, ke fana ka maikutlo a hore o kopitsa-lentsoe ka lentsoe-lipotso tse tsoang dipatlisiso boleng bo phahameng. Le hoja sena se utloahala eka kopa, lipotso kopitsa e khothalletsa etsang lipatlisiso phuputso e entsoeng (hafeela u bolela phuputsong mantlha). Haeba u etsisa lipotso tse tsoang dipatlisiso boleng bo phahameng, u ka kholiseha hore ba 'nile ba lekoa' me u ka bapisa likarabo ho buisanoa le bona phuputsong ea hao ea ho mamela likarabo ho tloha ba bang ba phuputso e entsoeng tse ling. Qetellong, ke fana ka maikutlo a uena pele ho inonya lipotso tsa hao le batho ba bang ba tsoang foreimi baahi oa hao (Presser et al. 2004) ; boiphihlelo ba ka ke hore pele ho etsa diteko kamehla senola litokollo makatse.
