Activities

Key:

• selekanyo sa bothata: ho le bonolo , tse mahareng , thata , Thata haholo
• ho hloka ea lipalo ( )
• hloka Coding ( )
• pokello ya data ( )
• favoritos oa ka ( )

1. [ , ] Khaolong eo, ke ne o positive haholo ka poso-stratification. Leha ho le joalo, ha e se kamehla ho ntlafatsa boleng ba likhakanyo. Hahe boemo boo ka ngolang-stratification ka fokotseha boleng ba likhakanyo. (Bakeng sa keletso, sheba Thomsen (1973) ).

2. [ , , ] Design le ho khanna eo e seng kgonego phuputso e entsoeng mabapi le Amazon MTurk ho botsa ka beng sethunya ( "Na le uena, kapa a etsa leha e le mang a ntlo ea hao, le tsona ka sethunya, sethunya kapa sethunya? Na hore uena kapa motho e mong lelapeng la hao?") 'Me boikutlo ba maleban laola liketso sethunya ( "ke eng seo u nahanang hore se ea bohlokoa-e leng ho eketsehileng sireletsa tokelo ea Maamerika ho ba le lithunya, kapa ho laola beng sethunya?").

   1. nako e kae phuputso e entsoeng oa hao nka? Ke bokae? Jwang dipalopalo tsa sampole ea hao bapisa ho dipalopalo tsa baahi ba US?
   2. Ke hakanya tala tsa beng sethunya sebelisa mohlala o hlahang oa hao ke eng?
   3. Nepahetse bakeng sa bao e seng representativeness ea sampole ea hao sebedisa poso-stratification kapa mokhoa tse ling. Hona joale ke seo lekanya beng sethunya?
   4. Jwang likhakanyo tsa hao tsa bapisa ho hakanya morao-rao ho tswa ho Pew Center Research? U nahana hore a hlalose se lumellane hoo, haeba ho na le ke leha e le efe?
   5. Pheta ikoetlisa 2-5 bakeng sa boikutlo mabapi laola liketso sethunya. Jwang fumanoeng ke ea hao fapana?

3. [ , , ] Goel le basebetsi-'moho (2016) tsamaisoa phuputso e entsoeng non-kgonego thehiloeng entsoeng ka 49 lipotso tse multiple-qeto e thehiloeng tsebong attitudinal huleloa ho tloha General Social Survey (GSS) ebe o kgetha dipatlisiso ke Pew Center Lipatlisiso ka Amazon MTurk. Joale ba tloaela bakeng sa bao e seng representativeness ya data sebelisa ea mohlala e thehiloeng poso-stratification (Mr. P), 'me bapisa likhakanyo fetola le batho ba hakanyetsoang ho sebelisa kgonego thehiloeng GSS / Pew dipatlisiso. Tsamaisa phuputsong e tšoanang MTurk 'me u leke ho ikatisa Figure 2a le Figure 2b ka ho bapisa likhakanyo tsa hao tsa e lokisitsoeng e nang le likhakanyo tsa a tsoang garela ea GSS / Pew moraorao (Sheba Sehlomathiso Lethathamo A2 bakeng sa lenane la lipotso 49).

   1. Bapisa le fapane diphetho ba hao hore ba liphello e tsoang Pew le GSS.
   2. Bapisa le fapane diphetho ba hao hore ba diphetho a tsoang phuputso e entsoeng MTurk a Goel, Obeng, and Rothschild (2016) .

4. [ , , ] Lithuto tsa ba bangata ba sebelisa litekanyo intša tlaleho ya data cellular mosebetsi fono. Sena ke e thahasellisang bophirima moo bafuputsi ka bapisoang boitshwaro ja intša tlaleha le maitshwaro afe east (sheba mohlala, Boase and Ling (2013) ). maitshwaro tse peli tloaelehile ho botsa ka ba ipiletsang le romela melaetsa ka selefouno, 'me ba babeli liforeimi nako tloaelehileng le sebelisoang malapeng ba "letsatsi la maobane" le "mafelong a beke tse fetileng."

   1. Pele bokellang ya data leha e le efe, e ba ho intša tlaleho mehato U nahana hore e nepahetse haholoanyane? Hobane'ng?
   2. E tsoma badiri 5 of metsoalle ea hao hore e be a phuputso e entsoeng hao. Ka kōpo bokhutšoanyane akaretsa kamoo metsoalle tsena 5 ne ba e qotsitsoeng. See se ka Tsamaiso e mehlala susumelletsa biases tobileng likhakanyo hao?
   3. Ka kōpo botsa latelang dikokwanyana phuputso e entsoeng:
   • "Joang ka makhetlo a mangata ha u ile ua sebelisa fono cellular ho bitsa batho ba bang maobane?"
   • "Ke ba bakae melaetsa ka selefouno ha u ile ua romela maobane?"
   • "Joang ka makhetlo a mangata ha u ile ua sebelisa selefounung ya hao ho bitsa batho ba bang ka matsatsi a supileng a ho qetela?"
   • "Joang ka makhetlo a mangata o ile a u sebelisa fono ya hao cellular ho romela kapa ho amohela melaetsa / SMS ka matsatsi a supileng a ho qetela?" Hang ha buisanoa le bona phuputsong e feletseng, botsa ho hlahloba ya data bona tšebeliso joalokaha monametsi j ke mofani fono kapa tšebeletsong ea bona.
   4. Joang tšebeliso intša tlaleho bapisa ho kena ya data? E leng nepahetseng ka ho fetisisa, e leng bonyane e nepahetseng?
   5. Hona joale kopana ya data eo ue bokella le data ho tswa batho ba bang ka tlelaseng ea hao (haeba u etsa mosebetsi ona bakeng sa sehlopha). Le sete ea datha ena e khōloanyane, pheta karolo (d).

5. [ , ] Schuman le Presser (1996) pheha khang ea hore potso ditaelo ne a tsotellehe bakeng mefuta e 'meli ea likamano pakeng tsa lipotso tsena: lipotso tse itseng tsa eona-karolo moo lipotso tse peli li boemo tšoanang oa khethehileng (mohlala dikatlholo la bonkgetheng le ba babeli mopresidente); 'me ke lipotso karolo-kaofela moo potso e kakaretso tjena potso e tobe (mohlala botsa, "Kamoo ikutloa ke khotsofetse ha u le mosebetsing oa hao?" lateloa ke "joang ikutloa ke khotsofetse ha u ka bophelo ba hao?").

   Ba boetse ba khethollang mefuta e 'meli ea le phello e le hore potso ena: liphello tumellano etsahala ha likarabo ea potso e' ngoe hamorao ba tlisoa ho ba fuoang ea potso e 'ngoe pejana haufi ho (ho feta ba ne ba tla ka litsela tse ling e be); fapane liphello etsahala ha ho na phapang ke efe pakeng tsa e khōloanyane likarabo tsa lipotso tse peli.

   1. Create e para ya lipotso tse itseng tsa eona-karolo tseo u nahanang hore ba tla ba le sebaka se seholo sa taelo potso e le hantle, e para ya lipotso tse itseng tsa eona-kaofela tseo u nahanang hore ba tla ba le sebaka se seholo sa taelo e le hantle, 'me e mong para ya lipotso tse bao e le hore u nahana e ne e tla ho tsotellehe. Mathang e teko phuputso e entsoeng mabapi le MTurk hore a leke lipotso tsa hao.
      
   2. Khōlō hakae e ne e le karolo-karolo phello e ne u khona ho theha? Ho ne ho e tumellano kapa ho bapisoa phello efe?
   3. Khōlō hakae e ne e le karolo-kaofela le phello ne u khona ho theha? Ho ne ho e tumellano kapa ho bapisoa phello efe?
   4. E ne e ho na le potso e le hore le phello a para ya hao moo o ne a sa nahane le hore e ne e tla ho tsotellehe?

6. [ , ] Ho Haha ka mosebetsi oa Schuman le Presser, Moore (2002) e hlalosa nahana ka ho teba ka thoko tsa ama le hore potso ena: koketso le subtractive. Ha a ntse a ha ho bapisoa le ka ho tsitsa liphello tse hlahisoang ka lebaka la patlotlhotlhwa arabetseng 'la lintho tsa tse peli mabapi le mong le e mong tse ling tse, ho tseloe le liphello subtractive etsoa ha ba arabetseng entsoe mamelang ka tsela ea ho moralo kholoanyane matsatsing a dipotso dife tse ba botsa. Bala Moore (2002) , ka nako eo meralo le matha e teko phuputso e entsoeng mabapi le MTurk ho bontša koketso kapa subtractive liphello tse matla.

7. [ , ] Christopher Antoun le basebetsi-'moho (2015) khanna thuto ea ho bapisa bebofalletsa disampole fumaneha fapaneng tse 'ne Inthaneteng thaothang mehloling MTurk, Craigslist, Google AdWords le Facebook. Meralo ea phuputso e bonolo le e e tsoma badiri barupeluoa ho pholletsa fapaneng mehloling bonyane tse pedi Inthaneteng thaothang (ba ka ba le mehloli e fapane le mehloli e tse 'nè a sebelisa a Antoun et al. (2015) ).

   1. Bapisa litšenyehelo ka thaotha, ho latela chelete le nako, pakeng tsa mehloli e sa tšoaneng.
   2. Bapisa ho hlophisoa ha disampole fumana mehloling e fapaneng.
   3. Bapisa boleng ba ya data dipakeng tsa disampole eo. Etsoe mehopolo ka tsela ya go lekanya ya data boleng tsoang arabetseng, sheba Schober et al. (2015) .
   4. ke mohloling ofe itlhopheang hao? Hobane'ng?

8. [ ] YouGov, inthaneteng thehiloeng etsa lipatlisiso 'marakeng tiile, a khanna Inthaneteng polls oa sehlopha sa batho ba ka bang 800.000 arabetseng UK' me a sebelisa Mr. P. ho noha phello ea EU referendamo (khr, Brexit) moo bakgethi UK kgetha mohlomong ho lula ho sona kapa e tlohela European Union.

   A tlhaloso e qaqileng ea ea mohlala YouGov a dipalopalo ho teng mona (https://yougov.co.uk/news/2016/06/21/yougov-referendum-model/). Le kakanyo feela e bua, YouGov doors, partitions bakgethi ho kena mefuta thehiloeng 2015 dikgetho kakaretso ya kgetho qeto e thehiloeng tsebong, dilemo, mangolo a thuto, bong, letsatsing la ha ho buisanoa le hammoho le constituency ba phela. Ea pele, ba ne ba sebelisa ya data bokella ho tloha YouGov panelists ho hakanya, har'a ba ea ileng a kgetha, palo ea batho ba mofuta mongwe le mongwe motlhophi ileng a rera ho vouta Itsamaele. Ba hakanya turnout ea mofuta mongwe le mongwe motlhophi ka ho sebelisa 2015 Sehlooho se Ithutoang British kgethwa (srodi) poso-dikgetho sefahleho-le-sefatlhego phuputso e entsoeng, e leng tiisitsoe ka oona turnout tsoang meqolong ya dikgetho. Qetellong, ba ile ba hakanya hore na batho ba bangata ba na le ea mofuta mongwe le mongwe motlhophi a electorate e thehiloeng palo tsa morao-rao le selemo Population Survey (ka boitsebiso bo itseng phaella moo ho tloha srodi, YouGov data ho tswa ho pota-pota likhetho tsa kakaretso, 'me boitsebiso bo phuputso e entsoeng mabapi le kamoo batho ba bangata ba kgethilego bakeng mokga ka mong ka 'ngoe constituency).

   Matsatsi a mararo pele kgetho e, e YouGov bontša etella pele tse peli ntlheng ea Itsamaele. Bosiung ea ho vouta, tse phuputsong bontša haufi haholo bitsa (49-51 Lula U). Konopo e bulelang-e leng letsatsi ithuta ho qetela a bolela esale pele 48/52 e emelang Lula (https://yougov.co.uk/news/2016/06/23/yougov-day-poll/). Ha e le hantle, ba hakanya ena hloloheloa sephetho ho qetela (52-48 Itsamaele) ka lintlha peresente tse 'nè.

   1. Sebelisa tjhelete yohle phoso phuputso e entsoeng moralo wa tšohloa khaolong ena ho hlahloba seo a ka be li felile fosahetseng.
   2. karabelo YouGov ka mor'a likhetho tsa (https://yougov.co.uk/news/2016/06/24/brexit-follows-close-run-campaign/) ile a hlalosa: "Ho bonahala sena a ke karolo e khōlō ka lebaka la ho turnout - e leng ntho eo re buileng bohle hammoho e ne e tla bohlokoa ho etsa hore sephetho sa e joalo e peisong khabeloa e leka-lekaneng. turnout Our ea mohlala e ne e thehiloe ka karolo e itseng mabapi le hore na ba arabetseng ba ne ba kgethilego at sa dikgetho kakaretso ho qetela le e turnout ho bophahamo ba e phahametse likhethong kakaretso halefisa ea mohlala, haholo-holo e ka Leboea. "Na see se fetola karabo ea hao ho ea karolong (a)?

9. [ , ] Write a ketsiso ho bontša mong le e mong oa talima liphoso setšoantšo a Figure 3.1.

   1. Bopa boemo boo talima liphoso tsena ha e le hantle hlakola tsoa.
   2. Bopa boemo boo talima liphoso tsa komponeng e mong le e mong.

10. [ , ] The etsa lipatlisiso tsa Blumenstock le basebetsi-'moho (2015) amehang haha mochine ithuta ea mohlala e neng e ka sebelisa ya data dijethale moneketsela ho noha likarabo phuputso e entsoeng. Hona joale, u eang ho leka ntho e tšoanang e nang le sete ea datha fapaneng. Kosinski, Stillwell, and Graepel (2013) fumane hore Facebook like ka bolela esale pele litšobotsi tse batho ka bomong le litsobotsi tsa bona. Ho makatsang ke tse boletsoeng esale pele bana ba ka ba le e nepahetseng ho feta tseo tsa metsoalle le basebetsi-'moho (Youyou, Kosinski, and Stillwell 2015) .

    1. Bala Kosinski, Stillwell, and Graepel (2013) , le ikatisa Figure 2. ya data bona ke fumaneha here: http://mypersonality.org/
    2. Hona joale, ikatisa Figure 3.
    3. Qetellong, leka ea mohlala bona on Facebook ea hao data ya: http://applymagicsauce.com/. Hantle hakae ha e sebetse ho uena?

11. [ ] Toole et al. (2015) tshebediso pitso dintlha ka botlalo direkoto tsa (CDRs) ho tswa lithelefono tsa cellular ho noha ho hloka mosebetsi mekhoa aggregate.

    1. Bapisa le fapane ho etseng lipolane tsa Toole et al. (2015) le Blumenstock, Cadamuro, and On (2015) .
    2. Na u nahana hore CDRs lokela nka sebaka dipatlisiso tsa moetlo, tlatsana bona kapa che ho sebelisoa ho hang bakeng sa ba tsamaisang muso hore Track ho hloka mosebetsi? Hobane'ng?
    3. Ke bopaki bofe bo tla kholisa le uena hore CDRs ka ho feletseng nka sebaka mehato e tloaelehileng ea sekgahla sa tlhokeho ya mesebetsi?