6.4.4 Hlompha Molao 'me Public Interest

Hlompha Molao le Interest Public fetela molao-motheo oa Beneficence ka nģ'ane ho barupeluoa ho etsa lipatlisiso tse tobileng tseo ho kenyeletsa ba nang le seabo tsohle tsa bohlokwa.

Molao-motheo oa bone le oa ho qetela o ka tataisang monahano oa hau ke Ho hlompha Molao le Thahasello ea Sechaba. Molao-motheo ona o tsoa ho Menlo Report, ka hona e ka 'na ea se ke ea tsebahala haholo ho bafuputsi ba sechaba. The Menlo Report e bolela hore molao-motheo oa Tlhompho bakeng sa Molao le Phaello ea Sechaba e hlahisoa ka molao-motheo oa Boipheliso, empa hape o bolela hore motho oa pele o lokela ho hlahlojoa ka ho toba. Haholo, ha Beneficence e atisa ho lebisa tlhokomelo ho barupeluoa, Tlhompho ea Molao le Thahasello ea Sechaba e khothalletsa bafuputsi hore ba nke maikutlo a pharaletseng le ho kenyelletsa molao ho bona.

Tlalehong ea Menlo, Tlhompho ea Molao le Phaello ea Sechaba e na le likarolo tse peli tse fapaneng: (1) ho latela le (2) boikarabello bo thehiloeng bocha. Ho lumellana ho bolela hore bafuputsi ba lokela ho leka ho lemoha le ho mamela melao e nepahetseng, likonteraka le melaetsa ea tšebeletso. Ka mohlala, ho mamela ho tla bolela hore mofuputsi ea nahanang ho hlophisa lintho tsa websaeteng o lokela ho bala le ho hlahloba tumellano ea tumellano ea tšebeletso ea websaeteng eo. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le maemo a ka lumelloang ho tlōla melao ea ts'ebeletso; hopola, Ho hlompha Molao le Thahasello ea Sechaba ke e 'ngoe ea melao-motheo e mene. Ka mohlala, ka nako e 'ngoe, Verizon le AT & T ba ne ba e-na le melaetsa ea tšebeletso e thibelitseng bareki ho ba nyatsa (Vaccaro et al. 2015) . Ha ke nahane hore bafuputsi ha baa lokela ho ikemela ka boomo ka litumellano tse joalo tsa tumellano. E le hantle, haeba bafuputsi ba tlōla tumellano ea litšebeletso, ba lokela ho hlalosa qeto ea bona ka bolokolohi (bona mohlala, Soeller et al. (2016) ), joalokaha ho bontšitsoe ka boikarabello bo thehiloeng bocha. Empa bolokolohi bona bo ka pepesa bafuputsi ho eketsa kotsi ea molao; United States, mohlala, Computer Fraud le Molao oa Tlhekefetso e ka 'na ea etsa hore e be molaong ho tlōla tumellano ea litšebeletso (Sandvig and Karahalios 2016; ??? ) . Puisanong ena e khutšoanyane e bonts'a, ho kenyeletsa ho latela melao ea boitšoaro ho ka hlahisa lipotso tse rarahaneng.

Ho phaella tabeng ea ho latellana, Tlhompho ea Molao le Bohasello ba Sechaba e boetse e khothalletsa batho hore ba be le boikarabello bo hlakileng , e leng se bolelang hore bafuputsi ba lokela ho hlaka ka merero ea bona, mekhoa ea bona, le liphello likarolong tsohle tsa lipatlisiso tsa bona le ho nka boikarabelo ba liketso tsa bona. Tsela e 'ngoe ea ho nahana ka boikarabello bo itšetlehileng ka boikarabello ke hore e leka ho thibela sechaba sa lipatlisiso ho etsa lintho ka sekhukhu. Ts'ebetso ena e thehiloeng ka mokhoa o se nang ponts'e e nolofalletsa sechaba ka kakaretso litabeng tsa boitšoaro, e leng tsa bohlokoa ka mabaka a mabeli le a sebetsang.

Ho sebelisa molao-motheo oa Tlhompho ea Molao le Phaello ea Sechaba ho lipatlisiso tsena tse tharo tse boletsoeng mona li bontša tse ling tsa lifuputsi tse rarahaneng tse sebetsanang le molao. Ka mohlala, Grimmelmann (2015) o phehile khang ea hore ho ba le tšoaetso ea maikutlo ho ka 'na ha se molaong naheng ea Maryland. Ka ho khetheha, Maryland House Bill 917, e fetisitsoeng ka 2002, e fetisa litšireletso tsa Common Rule ho lipatlisiso tse entsoeng Maryland, tse sa itšetlehe ka chelete ea lichelete (litsebi tse ngata li lumela hore ho tšoaetsoa maikutlong ha hoa ka ha e-ba tlas'a Common Rule tlas'a Federal Law hobane e ne e tšoaretsoe Facebook , setsi se sa amoheleng chelete ea lipatlisiso ho tsoa 'Musong oa US). Leha ho le joalo, litsebi tse ling li lumela hore Maryland House Bill 917 ka boeona ha e lumellane le molao-motheo (Grimmelmann 2015, 237–38) . Ho iketsa bafuputsi ba sechaba hase baahloli, ka baka leo ha ba hlomelloa ho utloisisa le ho hlahloba melao ea melao ea li-50 tsohle tsa US. Ts'ebetso ena e rarahaneng e ekelitsoe mererong ea machaba. Ka mohlala, ho etsa joalo, ho kenyeletsa barupeluoa ba tsoang linaheng tse 170, tse etsang hore ho lumellane le molao ho be thata haholo. E le ho arabela tikolohong e sa utloahaleng ea molao, bafuputsi ba ka rua molemo ho hlahlobisoa ha boitšoaro ba batho ba bang ka bobeli, e le mohloli oa keletso mabapi le litlhoko tsa molao le tšireletso ea botho haeba maemo a bona a lipatlisiso a sa lumelloe ka molao.

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lithuto tsena tse tharo li phatlalalitse liphetho tsa tsona likoranteng tsa thuto, e leng ho nolofalletsang ho ikarabella ka tsela e totobetseng. Ha e le hantle, Phekollo ea Maikutlo e ne e hatisitsoe ka foromo e fumanehang, kahoo sechaba sa lipatlisiso le sechaba se pharaletseng se ile sa tsebisoa-ka morao-taba ea moralo le liphello tsa lipatlisiso. Tsela e le 'ngoe e potlakileng le e sa lokelang ea ho hlahloba boikarabello bo ikemetseng ke ho ipotsa: Na ke tla phutholoha haeba mekhoa ea ka ea lipatlisiso e ngotsoe ka holimo leqepheng la pele la koranta ea motse oa heso? Haeba karabo ke che, joale ke pontšo ea hore moralo oa hau oa lipatlisiso o ka hloka liphetoho.

Qetellong, tlaleho ea Belmont le Menlo Report e fana ka melao-motheo e mene e ka sebelisetsoang ho hlahloba lipatlisiso: Tlhompho ea Batho, Tlhompho, Toka le Tlhompho ea Molao le Thahasello ea Sechaba. Ho sebelisa melao-motheo ena e mene ha ho sebetse hase kamehla ho nepahetseng, mme ho ka hloka hore ho be le ho lekanngoa. Ka mohlala, tabeng ea qeto ea hore na litho tsa sehlopha sa lipuisano li tsoa Mangolong, ho ka 'na ha nkoa hore Tlhompho ea Batho e ka khothalletsa litlhaloso, empa ho ba le phello ea boipheliso hoa e nyahamisa (haeba litlhaloso li ka ba kotsi). Ha ho na tsela e ikemetseng ea ho leka-lekanya melao-motheo ena e loantšanang, empa melao-motheo e mene e thusa ho hlakisa khoebo, e fana ka maikutlo a liphetoho ho liphuputso tsa lipatlisiso, le ho thusa bafuputsi hore ba hlalose maikutlo a bona ho batho ba bang le ho sechaba.