5.2.2 Bongata-tsoaneng e ea manifestos theha mokhatlo oa lipolotiki
Coding manifestos lipolotiki, ntho e 'ngoe ka tloaelo ho etsoa ke litsebi, ba ka etsoang ke le motho ea balelela projeke fella ka reproducibility khōlō le fetoha le maemo.
Ho tšoana le Galaxy Zoo, ho na le maemo a mangata moo bafuputsi ba sechaba ba batlang ho ngolisa, ho arola kapa ho bitsa setšoantšo kapa karolo ea lengolo. Mohlala oa lipatlisiso tsa mofuta ona ke ho ngolisa mekhoa ea lipolotiki. Nakong ea likhetho, lihlopha tsa lipolotiki li hlahisa manifestos e hlalosang maemo a bona a lipolotiki le lifilosofi tse tataisang. Ka mohlala, ena ke karolo ea manifesto ea Mokhatlo oa Basebetsi United Kingdom ho tloha ka 2010:
"Batho ba limilione ba sebetsa ka ditshebeletso ea rōna ea phatlalatsa kenyelletse lintho melemo molemo ka ho fetisisa Brithani, ho thusa matlafatsa batho hore ba etse ka ho fetisisa oa bophelo ba bona ha a ntse a sireletsa ho tloha likotsi tse ba lokelang ho se na hore se jare ba le bang. Feela joalokaha ho hlokahala hore re sebete haholoanyane ka karolo ea 'muso ho etsa limmaraka sebetsa ka toka, re boetse re lokela ho ba sebete-raliphetoho ba mmuso. "
Li-manifestos tsena li na le boitsebiso bo bohlokoa ba bo-rasaense ba lipolotiki, haholo-holo ba ithutang likhetho le mehopolo ea lipuisano tsa lipolotiki. E le hore ho hlophisoe boitsebiso bo tsoang ho li-manifestos tsena, bafuputsi ba ile ba theha Profilosofi ea Manifesto, e ileng ea bokella mananeo a likete tse 4 000 likarolong tse ka bang 1 000 linaheng tse 50 eaba o hlophisa bo-rasaense ba lipolotiki hore ba li ngolise. Polelo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ne e ngotsoe ke setsebi se sebelisang leano la lihlopha tse 56. Phello ea boiteko bona bo kopanetsoeng ke boitsebiso bo boholo bo akaretsang boitsebiso bo kenyelletsoeng li-Manifestos tsena, 'me dataset ena e sebelisitsoe lipampiri tse fetang 200 tsa saense.
Kenneth Benoit le basebetsi-'moho le eena (2016) ile ba etsa qeto ea ho nka mosebetsi oa boitsebiso oa manifesto oo pele o neng o etsoa ke litsebi le ho o fetola morero oa batho. Ka lebaka leo, ba ile ba etsa ts'ebetso ea ho ngolisa e ngata haholoanyane le e tsitsitseng haholoanyane, ho sa bue ka theko e tlaase le ka potlako.
Ho sebetsa le li-manifestos tse 18 tse hlahisitsoeng likhethong tse tšeletseng tsa morao-rao United States, Benoit le basebetsi-'moho le eena ba ile ba sebelisa leano la ho arohana le basebetsi ba tsoang mekotleng ea mesebetsi ea matsoho (Amazon Mechanical Turk le CrowdFlower) ke mehlala ea limmaraka tsa basebetsi; , sheba Khaolo ea 4). Bafuputsi ba ile ba nka mongolo o mong le o mong 'me ba o arola ka lipolelo. Ka mor'a moo, motho o sebelisitse leano la ho bokella ho polelo ka 'ngoe. Ka ho khetheha, babali ba ile ba botsoa hore ba khethe polelo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e le hore ba bue ka leano la moruo (ka ho le letšehali kapa ka ho le letona), ho ea leano la sechaba (ho ba le bolokolohi kapa ba ikemetseng), kapa ho hang (setšoantšo sa 5.5). Mongolo ka mong o ne o ngotsoe ke batho ba ka bang hlano ba fapaneng. Qetellong, litekanyetso tsena li ile tsa kopanngoa ka mokhoa oa lipalo-palo tse bontšang liphello tsa bobeli ka bomong le liphello tsa mathata-a-ahlolo. Ha e le hantle, Benoit le basebetsi-'moho le eena ba ile ba bokella litekanyetso tse 200 000 ho batho ba ka bang 1 500.
Setšoantšo sa 5.5: Lenaneo la ho ngolisa ho tloha Benoit et al. (2016) . Babali ba ile ba botsoa ho khetholla polelo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ha e bua ka pholisi ea moruo (ka ho le letšehali kapa ka ho le letona), ho ea leano la sechaba (ho ba le bolokolohi kapa ho itšireletsa), kapa ho hang. E nkiloe ho Benoit et al. (2016) , setšoantšo sa 1.
E le hore a hlahlobe boleng ba bongata ba litlhaku, Benoit le basebetsi-'moho le bona ba ne ba boetse ba e-na le litsebi tse 10 tsa litsebi le liithuti tse fumaneng mangolo lipolotiking tsa lipolotiki-lekanya manfestos a tšoanang a sebelisang mokhoa o tšoanang. Le hoja litekanyetso tsa litho tsa bongata li ne li fapane haholo ho feta litlhaloso tse tsoang ho litsebi, palo ea bongata ea tumellano e ne e le tumellano e tsotehang le litekanyetso tsa litsebi tsa setsebi (setšoantšo sa 5.6). Papiso ena e bontša hore, joalo ka ka Galaxy Zoo, merero ea ho bala lipalo e ka hlahisa litholoana tse phahameng.
Setšoantšo sa 5.6: Litsebi tsa tekanyetso ( \(x\) -axis) le litekanyetso tsa bongata ( \(y\) -axis) li ne li le tumellanong e tsotehang ha li ngolisa mekete ea 18 ea mekete e tsoang United Kingdom (Benoit et al. 2016) . Masofestos a ne a ngotsoe a tsoa lihlopheng tse tharo tsa lipolotiki (Conservative, Labor le Liberal Democrats) le likhetho tse tšeletseng (1987, 1992, 1997, 2001, 2005 le 2010). E nkiloe ho Benoit et al. (2016) , setšoantšo sa 3.
Ka lebaka la ho aha sephetho sena, Benoit le basebetsi-'moho le eena ba ile ba sebelisa mokhoa oa bona oa ho ngolisa litlhaku ho etsa lipatlisiso tse neng li ke ke tsa khoneha ka mokhoa oa ho ngolisa litsebi tse sebelisoang ke Project Manifesto. Ka mohlala, Project ea Manifesto ha ea ka ea hlophisa manfestos mabapi le taba ea bojaki hobane seo e ne e se taba e hlokang tlhokomelo ha lenaneo la coding le hlahisoa bohareng ba bo-1980. 'Me, hona joale, ho ke ke ha khoneha hore morero oa Manifesto o khutlele morao' me o khutlisetse manonyeletso ea bona ho fumana tlhahisoleseding ena. Ka hona, ho ka bonahala eka bafuputsi ba thahasella ho ithuta lipolotiking tsa bajaki ba tsoa mahloeng. Leha ho le joalo, Benoit le basebetsi-'moho le bona ba ile ba khona ho sebelisa mokhoa oa bona oa ho bala ho etsa mokhoa ona oa ho ngolisa lipotso ho potso ea bona ea lipatlisiso-kapele le ka bonolo.
E le hore ba ithute leano la bojaki, ba ile ba ngolisa manfestos bakeng sa lihlopha tse robeli likhethong tse akaretsang tsa 2010 United Kingdom. Polelo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ne e ngotsoe mabapi le hore na e amana le batho ba tsoang linaheng tse ling, 'me haeba ho joalo, ebang e ne e le ho fallela, ho se nke lehlakore kapa ho khahlanong le bojaki. Nakong ea lihora tse 5 ho qalisa morero oa bona, liphello li ne li le teng. Ba ne ba bokelitse likarabo tse fetang 22 000 ka tefo ea $ 360. Ho feta moo, tekanyo ea bongata e ile ea bontša tumellano e hlollang le phuputso e entsoeng pele ho litsebi. Joale, e le teko ea ho qetela, likhoeli tse peli hamorao, bafuputsi ba ile ba hlahisa bongata ba bona-ho ngolla litlhaku. Ka mor'a lihora tse 'maloa feela, ba ne ba entse letšoele le lecha-lefapha la datasette le ngotsoeng le tsamaisanang le letšoao la boitsebiso ba matšoao. Ka mantsoe a mang, palo ea batho e ba nolofalelitse ho ngola litemana tsa lipolotiki tse lumellaneng le litsebi tsa litsebi 'me li hlahisitsoe hape. Ho feta moo, hobane palo ea batho e ne e le ka potlako ebile e theko e tlaase, ho ne ho le bonolo hore ba fetole boitsebiso ba bona ba likhetho potso ea bona ea lipatlisiso mabapi le bojaki.
