Iskaashi yarayn karaa kharashka iyo in la kordhiyo qiyaasta, laakiin waxa ay bedeli kartaa noocyada kala duwan ee ka qaybgalayaasha, daaweynta, iyo natiijooyinka in aad isticmaali karto.
kale ayaa si aad u naftaada u samayn waa shuraako la ah urur awood badan sida shirkad, dawladda, ama NGO. Faa'iidada la Wadaage ka shaqeeya waa in ay kuu awood siinaysa in ay maamulaan tijaabo in aad kaliya ma aan samayn karo naftaada by. Tusaale ahaan, mid ka mid ah tijaabooyinka aan kuu sheegi doonaa ah oo ku saabsan ee hoos ku lug 61 million ka qaybgalayaashu, ma cilmi-shaqsi qabsan karo qiyaasta in. Isla mar ahaantaana in wada shaqayntu waxay kordhisaa waxa aad samayn karto, waxa ay sidoo kale, isku mar, aad qasba. Tusaale ahaan, shirkadaha ugu ma u ogolaan doonaa in aad u ordaan tijaabo ah oo waxyeeli kara ganacsigooda ama ay sumcad. Shaqaynta la-hawlgalayaasha ayaa sidoo kale ka dhigan tahay in marka ay timaado waqti si ay u daabacaan, waxaa laga yaabaa in aad iman cadaadis "dib-u-jir" natiijada, iyo la-hawlgalayaasheeda qaar ka mid ah xitaa isku daya inay xannibi daabaco shaqadaada haddii ay iyaga ka dhigaa inay eegto xun. Ugu dambeyntii, waxa kale oo shuraako yimaado kharashka la xiriira horumarinta iyo adkeynta iskaashi kuwan.
Hawsha muhiimka ah in uu leeyahay in la xalliyo si ay u sameeyaan iskaashi, kuwaas oo guulo waa helo hab lagu dheelli danaha labada dhinac, iyo hab waxtar leh in aad ka fikirto dheelitirka in uu yahay Pasteur ee Rubuca (Stokes 1997) . cilmi badan ayaa qabaa in haddii ay ka shaqaynayaan wax ku ool ah-wax laga yaabo oo xiiso in wehelkaada-ka dibna lama samayn karo sayniska dhab ah. arinkii Tani dhigi doonaa mid aad u adag in la abuuro iskaashi guul leh, iyo waxa ay sidoo kale dhacdo in ay si buuxda u qaldan. Dhibaatadu waxay la sidan fikiro waxaa yaab leh muujiyey by cilmi Jidka jabiyay-of nin cilmiga nafleyda barta Louis Pasteur ah. Iyada oo ka shaqeeya mashruuca ganacsi oo halsano si loogu badalo juice dabocase galay khamriga, Pasteur helay fasalka cusub ee noole ah in ugu danbeyn keentay in aragtida jeermiska cudurka. daahfurka Tani xaliyey-u aad u wax ku ool ah gacan ka gaysan wanaajinta habka halsano-iyo waxay keeni in a horay ugu waaweyn ee sayniska. Sidaas darteed, halkii ay ka fekerayo cilmi leh codsiyada la taaban karo sida isagoo isku dhacnay cilmi sayniska run, waxa fiican in aad u malaynayso oo ka mid ah sidii labada dhinac oo kala duwan. Research lagu dhiiriyo karaa iyada oo la isticmaalayo (ama ma) iyo cilmi raadin kartaa fahamka asaasiga ah (ama aan). Aadka, Pasteur's-karto cilmi-sida qaar ka mid ah lagu dhiiriyo by isticmaalka oo doonaya faham aasaasi ah (Jaantuska 4.16). Research in Pasteur ee Rubuca cilmi baaris in ka muuqo horumarka labo gool-ku fiican tahay iskaashi u dhexeeya cilmi iyo la-hawlgalayaasheeda. Marka la eego asalka in, waxaan ku tilmaami doonaa laba waxbarashada tijaabo la iskaashiga, hal shirkad oo mid la NGO ah.
Shirkadaha waaweyn, gaar ahaan shirkadaha casriga ah, ayaa soo saartay kaabayaasha cajiib casri ah maamulka tijaabo adag. In warshadaha casriga ah, tijaabo waxaa inta badan loo yaqaan baaritaano A / B (maxaa yeelay, iyagu tijaabiyo waxtarka labo nooc oo daaweyn: A iyo B). tijaabo Kuwani inta badan waa ay maamulaan waxyaabaha sida kordhaya heerka guji-dhex on xayeysiiska, laakiin kaabayaasha isla tijaabo sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa cilmi-baarista in horumarka fahamka sayniska. Tusaale ahaan in muujinayaa iman kara ee noocan oo kale ah cilmi waa baadhitaan uu sameeyay iskaashi ka dhexeeya cilmi at Facebook iyo University of California, San Diego, on saamaynta fariimaha kala duwan ee dadka codeeyey (Bond et al. 2012) .
On November 2, 2010-ka maalin ee doorashooyinka-dhan Kongareeska Mareykanka users 61 million Facebook ku nool Mareykanka oo jira in ka badan 18 ka qayb qaatay tijaabo ah oo ku saabsan codbixinta. Marka booqasho Facebook, dadka isticmaala ayaa kala sooc lahayn loo xilsaaray galay mid ka mid ah saddex kooxood, kuwaas oo goostay waxa banner (haddii ay jirto) waxaa kaalinta ugu sareysa ee ay Feed News (Jaantuska 4.17):
Bond iyo asxaabtii bartay laba natiijo oo muhiim ah: wariyay dhaqanka codeynta iyo hab-dhaqanka cod dhabta ah. First, waxay heleen in dadka ku jira group info + bulshada waxay ahaayeen abbaaraha 2 dhibcood Boqolkiiba badan tahay dadka in kooxda info in ay guji "Waxaan codeeyay" (oo ku saabsan 20% vs 18%). Dheeraad ah, ka dib markii cilmi biireen xogta ay la diiwaanka codbixinta si cad u diyaar u ah oo ku saabsan 6 milyan oo qof, waxay heleen in dadka ku nool info + kooxda bulshada ahaayeen boqolkiiba 0,39 dhibcood u badan tahay in si dhab ah u codeeyaan badan dadka xaaladoodu ay gacanta iyo in dadka ku jira group info ah sida ay u badan tahay in ay codeeyaan sida dadka xaaladoodu ay gacanta (Jaantuska 4.17).
Tijaabada Tani waxay muujinaysaa in qaar ka mid ah farriimaha online karaa baxay-the-cod waa ka waxtar badan kuwa kale, oo ay muujiso in ay qiyaasta cilmibaadhe ee waxtarka daawaynta ah ku xirnaan kartaa in ay wax ka barato sheegay ama dabeecadda dhabta ah. Tijaabada Tani nasiib daro ma bixiyaan wax kasta oo furayaasha ku saabsan hababka loo marayo taas oo macluumaad-oo bulshada cilmi qaar darriya loo yaqaan "raso wejiga" codbixinta -increased. Waxa ay noqon kartaa in macluumaadka bulshada kordhay siday suuragal u tahay in qof ogaaday banner ama in ay korortay jaaniska in qof ogaaday Raayada dhab codeeyay ama labadaba. Sidaas darteed, tijaabo this bixisaa helidda xiiso leh in cilmi-dheeraad ah ku baadhi doonaa (eeg tusaale ahaan, Bakshy, Eckles, et al. (2012) ).
Waxa intaa dheer in horumarinta himilooyinka cilmi, tijaabiyaan this sidoo kale siyaadinay goolka ururka rafiiqa (Facebook). Haddii aad bedesho dhaqanka ka codeeyeen in la iibsan saabuun bartay, ka dibna waxaad arki kartaa in daraasadda ayaa dhismeedka saxda ah la mid ah sida tijaabo ah si loo cabbiro saameynta xayeysiis online (eeg tusaale ahaan, Lewis and Rao (2015) ). Kuwani waxbarashada waxtarka ad si joogta ah loo cabbiro saameynta gaadhista online xayeysiis-daaweynta ee Bond et al. (2012) asal ahaan yihiin xayeysiis cod-on dhaqanka offline. Sidaas darteed, daraasaddan ku horumarin karto awoodda Facebook in ay ka barato waxtarka xayeysiis online iyo caawin kara Facebook dhaadhiciyo xayeysiiya kara in xayeysiis Facebook waa wax ku ool ah.
Inkastoo danaha cilmi iyo la-hawlgalayaasheeda ayaa inta badan la safan daraasaddan, waxay sidoo kale ahaayeen qayb ahaan in xiisad. Gaar ahaan, qoondaynta of qaybgalayaasha in ay saddexda xaalado-control, info, iyo info + bulshada-waxaa wayn isu: 98% ee tijaabada ahaa xilsaaray info + bulshada. Tani qoondaynta isu Waa hawlqabad la'aan tira, iyo qoondaynta badan roon cilmi ah ayaa waxa ay noqon lahaayeen 1/3 ka qaybgalayaasha koox kasta. Laakiin, qoondaynta isu dhacay sababtoo ah Facebook doonayay qof kasta si aad u hesho info ah + daaweynta bulshada. Nasiib wanaag, cilmi iyaga ka dhaadhiciyay in ay dib 1% si loogu daweeyo a la xiriira iyo 1% ka mid ah ka qayb galayaasha koox gacanta u haystaan. Aan group gacanta ma waxa ay asal ahaan wax aan macquul aheyn in la cabbiro saameynta info + daaweynta bulshada, sababtoo ah waxaa ay noqon lahaayeen "perturb iyo dhawrtaan" tijaabo halkii tijaabo nasiibin gacanta. Tusaale ahaan waxa uu ku siinayaa cashir lama ilaawaan ah la taaban karo la shaqeynta: mararka qaarkood aad la abuuro tijaabo ah by qanci qof ku samatabbixin daaweynta ah oo mararka qaarkood aad la abuuro tijaabo ah by qanci qof aan la samatabbixin daaweynta ah (ie, si ay u abuuraan kooxda la xakameeyey).
Partnership aanu had iyo jeer uma baahna in ay ku lug leeyihiin shirkadaha casriga ah iyo imtixaanada A / B iyadoo malaayiin ka qaybgalayaasha. Tusaale ahaan, Alexander Coppock, Andrew qiyaasayaa, iyo John Ternovski (2016) iskaashi la NGO deegaanka (League of Ilaalinta Cod) in uu ordo imtixaan tijaabo xeelado kala duwan ee kor u qaadida abaabulka bulshada. Cilmibaadhayaasha ayaa loo isticmaalaa Twitter NGO ayaa u soo diro labada tweets dadweynaha iyo fariimaha gaarka ah si toos ah in la isku dayay in noocyada kala duwan ee Ra'iisul aqoonsigooda. Cilmibaadhayaasha ayaa markaas ku qiyaasay, oo ka mid ah fariimaha kuwanu waxay ahaayeen ugu waxtarka badan ee dadka lagu dhiirragelinayo inay saxiixdo warqad codsi ah iyo warbixin ku saabsan twitter codsi.
Mawduuca | yeerida |
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Saamaynta of Facebook News Feed on macluumaadka la wadaago | Bakshy, Rosenn, et al. (2012) |
Saamaynta magaciisa qayb on dhaqanka on website online shukaansi | Bapna et al. (2016) |
Saamaynta of Home Energy Warbixinnada on isticmaalka korontada | Allcott (2011) , Allcott and Rogers (2014) , Allcott (2015) , Costa and Kahn (2013) , Ayres, Raseman, and Shih (2013) |
Saamaynta of design app on faafinta viral | Aral and Walker (2011) |
Saamaynta of faafo hab on sida- | Taylor, Bakshy, and Aral (2013) |
Saamaynta macluumaadka bulshada xayaysiisyada | Bakshy, Eckles, et al. (2012) |
Saamaynta of jeer buugga on iibka iyada oo buugga iyo online for noocyada kala duwan ee macaamiisha | Simester et al. (2009) |
Saamaynta macluumaadka caan ah oo ku saabsan codsiyada shaqada kara | Gee (2015) |
Saamaynta of ratings hore ku caan | Muchnik, Aral, and Taylor (2013) |
Saamaynta of content fariin ku saabsan abaabulka siyaasadeed | Coppock, Guess, and Ternovski (2016) |
Guud ahaan, ay la shaqeeyso awood u saamaxaaya in ay aad u shaqeeyaan at qiyaasta ah in ay adag tahay in si kale samayn, iyo Shaxda 4.3 siiyaa tusaalayaal kale ee iskaashi ka dhexeeya cilmi iyo ururada. Iskaashi noqon kartaa wax badan ka sahlan badan dhismaha aad tijaabo gaar ah. Laakiin, faa'iidooyinka kuwanu waxay ka iman la darrada: iskaashiga xadidi kartaa noocyada kala duwan ee ka qaybgalayaasha, daaweyn, iyo natiijo ah in aad ka baran kartaa. Dheeraad ah, iskaashi, kuwaas oo keeni kara in ay caqabado anshaxa. Habka ugu fiican ee goobjooga fursad iskaashi waa inay aragto dhibaato dhab ah in aad xal u heli karo inta aad samaynayso sayniska xiiso leh. Haddii aad looma isticmaalo in sidan of eegaya dunida, waxay noqon kartaa adag tahay in la garto dhibaatooyinka Pasteur ee Rubuca, laakiin dhaqanka, waxaad bilaabi doonaa in ay aragto iyaga iyo aad u badan.