4.4.2 Heterogeneity of saamaynta daaweynta

Tijaabo sida caadiga ah loo cabbiro saameynta celcelis ahaan, laakiin saamaynta noqon kartaa kala duwan ee dad kala duwan.

The fikrad labaad fure u dhaqaaqin ka baxsan tijaabo fudud waa heterogeneity of saamaynta daaweynta. Tijaabada ah ee Schultz et al. (2007) si xoog leh ayaa muujineysa sida daaweynta isku yeelan karaan saamaynta kala duwan oo ku saabsan noocyada kala duwan ee dadka (Jaantuska 4.4), laakiin falanqaynta this of heterogeneity run ahaantii waa arrin aan caadi ahayn loogu talagalay tijaabo da'da analog ah. Inta badan tijaabo da'da analog lug tiro yar oo ka qaybgalayaasha in loola dhaqmo sida "widgets" laysku beddelid karo, maxaa yeelay, in yar oo iyaga oo ku saabsan waxaa loo yaqaan pre-daweynta. In tijaabo digital, si kastaba ha ahaatee, kuwaas oo caqabado xogta ka yar caadiga ah, maxaa yeelay, cilmi u muuqdaan in ay ka qaybgalayaashu iyo aad u badan oo ku saabsan ogaadaan. In deegaanka this xog kala duwan, waxaynu Ku qiyaasi karaa heterogeneity of saamaynta daaweynta si loo siiyo furayaasha ku saabsan sida daawaynta u shaqeeyo, sida loo wanaajin karo, iyo sida loo beegsaday karaan kuwa inta badan u badan tahay in ay ka faa'iideystaan.

Laba tusaale oo heterogeneity of saamaynta daaweynta ee macnaha guud ee xeerarka bulshada iyo isticmaalka tamarta ka cilmi dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan Energy Home Wararka iman. First, Allcott (2011) loo isticmaalo baaxadda weyn muunad (600,000 oo qoys) in ay sii kala qaybsan tahay saamiga iyo qiyaaso saamaynta Report Energy Home by ugu dhibcaha sarreeya ee isticmaalka-daaweyn pre tamarta. Iyadoo Schultz et al. (2007) helay faraqa u dhaxeeya culus iyo Nuur users, Allcott (2011) ayaa lagu ogaaday in weliba waxaa kaloo jiray kala duwanaansho gudahood group user culus iyo iftiinka. Tusaale ahaan, dadka isticmaala cuslaa (kuwa ugu dhibcaha sareeya) hoos u isticmaalka tamarta ay labo jeer sida ugu badan ee qof dhexe ee kooxda user culus (Jaantuska 4.7). Dheeraad ah, la qiyaasayo saamaynta by dhaqanka-daaweyn pre sidoo kale shaaca ka qaaday in aan halkaas joogay saamayn boomerang xitaa u isticmaala daaraysaa (Jaantuska 4.7).

Jaantuska 4.7: Heterogeneity of saamaynta daaweynta ee Allcott (2011) . Hoos u dhaca isticmaalka tamarta ahaa kala duwan oo loogu talagalay dadka ku Kororka kala duwan ee isticmaalka caadiga ah.

In baadhitaan la xidhiidha, Costa and Kahn (2013) dhexmarayay in waxtarka of Report Energy Home ku kala duwan ku salaysan karto fikirka siyaasadeed ee ka qaybgale ah iyo in daaweynta si dhab ah ka dhigi laga yaabaa in dadka qaba fikradaha qaarkood in la kordhiyo isticmaalka korontada ay. In si kale loo dhigo, waxay dhexmarayay in Home Wararka Energy laga yaabaa in lagu abuuro saamayn boomerang noocyada qaar ka mid ah dadka. Si loo qiimeeyo suurtogalnimada, Costa iyo Kahn biireen xogta Opower la xogta iibsaday aggregator dhinac sadexaad-in ka mid ah macluumaadka sida diiwaangelinta siyaasadda xisbiga, deeqaha ururada deegaanka, iyo ka qaybgalka qoyska ee barnaamijyada tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo. Iyada oo ay taasi dataset mideeyey, Costa iyo Kahn ogaaday in Home Wararka Energy saaray saamaynta guud ahaan la mid ah ka qaybgalayaasha fikrado kala duwan, jirin wax caddeyn ah in koox kasta oo muujiyay saameynta boomerang (Jaantuska 4.8).

Jaantuska 4.8: Heterogeneity of saamaynta daaweynta ee Costa and Kahn (2013) . The saamayn daaweyn celcelis ahaan lagu qiyaasay tusaale oo dhan waa -2,1% [-1,5%, -2,7%]. By macluumaad isku ka tijaabo ah macluumaad ku saabsan qoysaska, Costa and Kahn (2013) loo isticmaalo taxane ah oo lagu daydo tirakoobka in la qiyaaso saamayn daawaynta kooxaha aad u gaarka ah ee dadka. Laba Qiyaasta waxaa lagu soo bandhigay for koox kasta sababtoo ah qiyaasta ku xiran covariates ay ka mid daydo ay tirakoobka (eeg qaabeeyaan 4 iyo model 6 Jadwalka 3 iyo Shaxda 4 ee Costa and Kahn (2013) ). Tusaale ahaan this muujinayaa, saamaynta daaweyn noqon kartaa kala duwan ee dadka iyo qiyaasta of saamaynta daaweynta kala duwan ka soo daydo tirakoobka ku xirnaan kartaa faahfaahinta daydo kuwa (Grimmer, Messing, and Westwood 2014) .

Sida labadan tusaale oo muujinaya, in da'da digital, waxaan ka qiyaasayo saamaynta daaweynta celcelis ahaan in la qiyaasayo heterogeneity ee saamaynta daaweynta sababtoo ah waxaan ku yeelan karaan dad badan oo ka qayb galayaasha ka badan, waana ognahay badan oo ku saabsan ka qayb-galayaasha kuwa dhaqaajin karin. Barashada ku saabsan heterogeneity saamayn daaweyn karo awood lagu beegsanayo daaweynta halkaas oo kaasu waa kan ugu wax ku ool ah, siin xaqiiqada ah in kobciyaan aragti cusub, iyo in la siiyo tilmaamo ku saabsan hab macquul ah, mawduuca oo aan hadda u noqon.