5.3.2 Foldit

Foldit waa call qurux furan maxaa yeelay waxa ay awood u non-khubarada in ay ka qayb Jid xiiso leh.

Netflix Prize The, halka evocative oo cad, ma muujinaya kala duwan ee ka buuxa mashaariicda call furan. Tusaale ahaan, in Prize Netflix ugu ah ka qaybgalayaasha halis ah lahaa sano oo lagu qaadanayo barashada tirakoobka iyo mashiinka. Laakiin, mashaariicda furan call ayaa sidoo kale ku lug karaa ka qaybgalayaasha kuwaas oo aan tababar rasmi ah, sida waxaa lagu muujiyey by Foldit, ciyaarta laabanto protein ah.

laabanto Protein waa habka loo marayo taas oo silsilad ee acids amino qaadataa on ay qaab. Iyada oo faham fiican oo ah habka this, bayoolajiga qorsheeyo yaabaa borotiinada qaababka gaar ah oo loo isticmaali karo sida daawada. Fududaynta qayb ilaa xad ah, borotiinada u muuqdaan in ay u guuraan ay qaabeynta tamarta ugu hooseeya, qaabeynta ah in isku miisaamaya riixo kala duwan oo uu jiidayo gudahood protein (Jaantuska 5.7). Sidaas daraaddeed, haddii ay cilmi baare ayaa doonaya in la saadaaliyo waxa qaab galay oo protein ah isku laab doonaa, xalka codadka fudud, kaliya isku day oo dhan gaadmada ah ay suuragal tahay, xisaabiyo tamartaa ay, oo waxay saadaalinayaan in borotiinka laab doonaa qaabeynta ugu hooseeya tamarta. Nasiib darro, hab ciidan this caayaan ku jirta tijaabinta dhan febwari suurto gal computationally aan macquul ahayn waa sababtoo ah waxaa jira balaayiin oo balaayiin gaadmada ah ku iman kara. Kuwaas oo ah kombiyuutarada ugu awood badan ee maanta iyo in ciidanka mustaqbalka-caayaan saadaalin karo waxaa kaliya ma doonayo in ay ka shaqeeyaan. Sidaa darteed, bayoolajiga yeelatay algorithms badan oo xariif ah inay si fiican u baadhaan, waayo, qaabeynta ugu hooseeya tamarta. Laakiin, inkastoo tiro weyn ee dadaal cilmiyaysan oo xisaabeed, algorithms kuwanu waa weli ka fog kaamil ah.

Jaantuska 5.7: laabanto Protein. Image waxaa la abuuray iyo kaalinta galay domain dadweynaha by "DrKjaergaard". Source: Wikimedia Commons .

David Baker iyo koox uu cilmi-ee Jaamacadda Washington ahaayeen qayb ka mid ah bulshada reer saynisyahano ka shaqeeya si ay u horumariyaan hababka wanaagsan xisaabeed si laabanto protein. Si si ay ula socdaan waxa dhacaya, halka algorithms ay cranking iska, Baker oo uu kooxda mar mar soo jeedi lahaa a screen-baado in visualized horumarka algorithms ay. Iyadoo daawashada qurxino kuwan, Baker bilaabay inuu la yaabi haddii ay suurto gal u noqon lahaa aadanaha si ay u caawiyaan in geeddi-socodka, iyo sidaas bilaabay Foldit, hal abuur leh iyo qurux call furan (Hand 2010) .

Foldit jirsado habka of laabanto protein galay kulan oo la ciyaaray karaa qof kasta. Marka laga eego dhinaca ciyaaryahanka, Foldit u muuqda in xujo ah (Jaantuska 5.8). Ciyaartoyda waxaa lagu soo bandhigay la tangle saddex geesood ah ee qaab-dhismeedka protein iyo oofin karin Hawlgallada "tweak", "oynayo", "dhiska" beddeli ka raaedo ay qaab. By fulinta hawlaha kuwan ciyaartoyda beddelo qaabka of protein ah, taas oo iyana kordheen ama is dhimeen oo ay score. Aadka, score loo xisaabiyo ku salaysan heerka tamarta-ee qaabeynta hadda, febwari hoose tamarta keeni in dhibcaha sare. In si kale loo dhigo, score ka caawisaa hanuuniyo ciyaartoyda sida ay raadiso gaadmada ah low-tamarta. kulan kani ma aha suurto gal ah, sababtoo ah-sida saadaalinta ratings movie ee Netflix laabanto Prize-protein sidoo kale waa xaalad halkaas oo ay fududahay in la hubiyo xal badan iyaga dhalin waa.

Jaantuska 5.8: screen Game for Foldit.

design xarrago Foldit ee awood ciyaartoyda yar aqoonta rasmiga ah ee Kiimikada noole in la algorithms ugu wanaagsan loogu talagalay by khubaro tartamaan. Iyadoo inta badan ciyaartoyda aan si gaar ah u wanaagsan at hawsha, waxaa jira ciyaaryahano dhowr iyo kooxo yar oo ciyaaryahano kuwa gaar ah. Dhab ahaantii, tartan madax-ilaa-madaxa a in la saadaaliyo qaabka of 10 borotiinada gaar ah, ciyaartoyda Foldit ay awoodaan in ay ku garaacday gobolka-of-the-art algorithms-laabanto protein shan jeer (Cooper et al. 2010) .

Foldit iyo abaalmarinta Netflix ku kala duwan yihiin siyaabo badan, laakiin labaduba waa ay lug ku baaqay in u furan yahay xal si sahlan si aad u hubiso ka badan dhalin. Haddaba, waxaan arki doonaa qaab dhismeedka isku weli goob kale oo aad u kala duwan: sharciga patent. Tusaale ahaan Tani kama dambaysta ah ee dhibaato ah call furan muujinaysaa in ay sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in goobaha aan cad kasteba si quantification.