5.2.2 badnaa-sireed ee manifestos siyaasadeed
Sireed manifestos siyaasadeed, wax caadi sameeyey by khubaro, waxa lagu samayn karaa mashruuc xisaabinta aadanaha taasoo keentay in reproducibility weyn iyo dabacsanaan.
Similar in Galaxy Zoo, waxaa jira xaalado badan halkaas oo cilmi bulsho rabto in aad code, kala, ama calaamadee image ama gabal qoraalka. Tusaale ka mid ah noocan oo kale ah cilmi waa sireed ee manifestos siyaasadeed. Inta lagu jiro doorashooyinka, xisbiyada siyaasadeed saaraan manifestos tilmaamay jagooyinka siyaasadda iyo hogaamiyay falsafad. Tusaale ahaan, halkan goosin ka mid ah manifesto ee xisbiga Labor ee Great Britain ka 2010:
"Malaayiin qof ayaa ka shaqeeya adeegyada dadweynaha gudashada qiimaha ugu wanaagsan ee Britain, caawinta dadka la xoojiyo si ay u sameeyaan ugu noloshooda iyaga u gaar ah, halka ka ilaalinta khatarta ay si uusan u helin inuu qaado on iyaga u gaar ah. Sida aan u baahan tahay inaad soo dhiiranayaan ku saabsan doorka dawladda ee samaynta suuqyada si caddaalad ah u shaqeeyaan, waxaan sidoo kale u baahan tahay inaad Hagaajiyayaal geesi ah xukuumadda. "
manifestos waxaa ku jira xog muhiim u ah cilmiga siyaasadda, gaar ahaan kuwa doorashooyinka waxbarasho iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa of doodaha siyaasadda. Si aad u habaysan soo saaro warbixin ka manifestos kuwan, cilmi abuuray Project Maanafesto , oo soo abaabulay cilmiga siyaasadda Xeerka 4,000 manifestos ka dhowaad 1,000 dhinacyada 50 dal. xukun kasta oo manifesto kasta laga suntan by khabiir la isticmaalayo nidaamka 56-category a. Natiijada of this dadaal iskaashi waa dataset weyn koobayaa macluumaadka gundhig in manifestos kuwan, oo dataset this ayaa loo isticmaali jiray in ka badan 200 oo waraaqaha sayniska.
Kenneth Benoit iyo asxaabtii (2015) go'aansaday in la qaato hawsha manifesto ku sireed in markii hore lagu sameeyaa by khubaro iyo idiinku beddelin mashruuc xisaabinta aadanaha. Sidaas darteed, waxay abuuray habka koodh in ka badan yahay la sawiran karaa oo la rogrogi karo, in aan ku xuso jaban oo dhakhso ah.
18 manifestos ahaan inta lagu jiro lix doorashadii dhawaan ka dhacay UK ku shaqaynta, Benoit iyo asxaabtii isticmaalo ee kala-khuseeya-geeyo istaraatijiyad shaqaalaha ka suuqa shaqada micro-shaqo (Amazon Farsamada Turk iyo CrowdFlower ayaa tusaale u ah suuqyada shaqada micro-hawsha, waayo more on suuqyada shaqada micro-hawshan, eeg Cutubka 4aad). Cilmibaadhayaasha ayaa qaaday manifesto kasta oo ay u kala xukuntay. Next, rating aadanaha ayaa waxaa laga codsadaa in ay xukun kasta. Gaar ahaan, haddii xukun ku lug war siyaasad, waxaa la suntan weheliyaan laba dhinac: dhaqaale (ka aad u tagay si aad u midig) iyo bulshada (ka deeqsi ah in muxaafid) (Jaantuska 5.5). xukun kasta waxaa ku suntan by qiyaastii 5 qof oo kala duwan. Ugu dambeyntii, ratings ka mid ah ayaa marka la isku daro isticmaalaya model ah tirakoobka in lagu tiriyaa saamaynta Qubano shaqsi iyo dhib saamayn xukunka. In dhammaan, Benoit iyo asxaabtii ururiyey 200,000 ratings ka oo ku saabsan 1,500 oo shaqaale.
Jaantuska 5.5: sireed nidaamka ka Benoit et al. (2015) (berdihii 1).
In si loo qiimeeyo tayada koodh badnaa, Benoit iyo shaqaalaheeda ayaa sidoo kale ku saabsan 10 khubaro-Professor iyo ardayda qalin jebiyey Siyaasadda Science-heerka manifestos isla isticmaalaya hab la mid ah. Inkastoo ratings ka xubnaha badnaa ahaayeen kuwo ka badan variable ka badan ratings ka khubarada, dadkii badnaa rating aragtida lahaa heshiis cajiib ah la rating ah khabiir dhanyahay (Jaantuska 5.6). isbarbardhigga Tani waxay muujinaysaa in, sida la Galaxy Zoo, mashaariicda xisaabinta aadanaha saari kartaa natiijada tayo sare leh.
Jaantuska 5.6: Qiyaasta Expert (x-dhidibka) iyo qiyaasaha badnaa (y-dhidibka) ahaayeen in heshiis la taaban karo marka sireed 18 manifestos xisbiga ka Britain Wayn (Benoit et al. 2015) . manifestos The suntan ahaayeen saddex xisbi siyaasadeed (Conservative, Labour, Liberal Democrats) iyo lix doorashada (1987, 1992, 1997, 2001, 2005, 2010).
Dhisida natiijadan, Benoit iyo asxaabtii isticmaalo nidaamka badnaa-sireed oo ay in la sameeyo cilmi-baaris in ay ahayd wax aan macquul aheyn oo la Project Bayaanka ah. Tusaale ahaan, Project Bayaanka ma Xeerka manifestos ku saabsan mawduuca of socdaalka sababtoo ah in aan ahaa mawduuc socodyada marka nidaamka koodh la horumariyo bartamihii 1980-maadkii. Oo, markan, waa Ma'aha infeasible for Project Bayaanka ay dhabarka ka tago oo dib-u-code jireen in ay qabsadaan macluumaad this. Sidaa darteed, waxay u muuqdaan in cilmi xiiso barashada siyaasadda socdaalka waa out of nasiib. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Benoit iyo asxaabtii ay awoodaan in ay isticmaalaan nidaamka xisaabinta aadanaha inay sameeyaan koodh-kartoo si ay cilmi su'aal-fudud oo dhaqso this.
Si aad u barato siyaasadda ajinebiga, waxay ku suntan manifestos ee sideed xisbi doorashada 2010 Great Britain. xukun kasta oo manifesto kasta waxaa ku suntan sida in haddii ay la xiriira socdaalka, iyo haddii ay sidaa tahay, in ay ahayd pro-socdaalka, dhexdhexaad ah, ama anti-socdaalka. 5 saacadood oo bilaabay in ay mashruuca gudahood, natiijooyinka ku ahaayeen. Waxay ururiyey in ka badan 22,000 oo jawaabaha kharash a total of $ 360. Dheeraad ah, qiyaasaha ka soo badnaa tusay heshiis cajiib ah la sahanka hore oo khubaro. Markaas, sida imtixaanka kama dambays ah, laba bilood ka dib, cilmi soo saari ay dadkii badnaa-sireed. saacado yar gudahood, ay abuuray dataset badnaa-suntan cusub oo si dhow ula kulan ay xogta asalka badnaa-ku suntan. In si kale loo dhigo, xisaabinta aadanaha u sahlay in ay curiyaan koodh qoraalo siyaasadeed in ay heshiis la gaartay qiimeynta khabiir oo ahaa la sawiran karaa. Dheeraad ah, sababtoo ah xisaabinta aadanaha ahaa deg deg ah oo raqiis ah, waxa ay ahayd fudud si ay u astaysto ay xog ururinta si ay su'aasha cilmi gaar ah oo ku saabsan socdaalka.
