5.4.3 Gunaanad
Qeybiyey xog ururinta waxaa suurtagal ah, iyo in mustaqbalka laga yaabo lug doonaa technology iyo ka qaybgalka dadban.
Sida eBird muujinaysaa, qaybiyey ururinta xogta loo isticmaali karaa cilmi sayniska. Dheeraad ah, PhotoCity muujinaysaa in dhibaatooyinka la xidhiidha sampling iyo tayada xogta yihiin laga yaabo la xalin karo.
Sidee loo qaybiyey shaqada ururinta xogta cilmi bulsho? Tusaale A cajiib ah ka timaada shaqada ee Susan Watkins iyo asxaabtii iyada on joornaalada Project Malawi ah (Watkins and Swidler 2009; Kaler, Watkins, and Angotti 2015) . In mashruucan, 22 maxaliga ah dadka deegaanka lagu magacaabo "suxufiyiinta" -kept "joornaalada la sheekaysanayo" in duubay, si faahfaahsan, wada hadalka ay duulduul ku saabsan AIDS ee nolol maalmeedka ka mid ah dadka caadiga ah (waqtiga mashruuca bilaabeen, ku saabsan 15% dadka waaweyn ee Malawi ayaa qaba HIV (Bello, Chipeta, and Aberle-Grasse 2006) ). Sababtoo ah xaaladda ka tirsan ay, wariye kuwanu waxay ahaayeen awoodaan in ay dhegahooda ku sheekaysiga in laga yaabaa in ay geli karin Susan Watkins iyada iyo iskaashi ee cilmi-Western (waxaan ka hadli doonaa anshaxa of this qaybaha danbe markii aan bixiyaan talo ku saabsan naqshadaynta mashruuca iskaashiga mass adiga kuu gaar ah ). Xogta laga Project Malawi joornaalada ayaa keentay in tiro ka mid ah natiijooyinka muhiim ah. Tusaale ahaan, ka hor inta uu mashruucu bilowdey, kuwa dibadda ah dad badan ayaa rumaystay in ay jirto aamusnaanta ku saabsan AIDS ee sub-Sahara Africa, laakiin joornaalada ka muujiyeen in tani si cad u ma ahayn kiiska: Suxufiyiinta duulduul boqolaal wada hadal ku saabsan mowduuca, in goobaha sida kala duwan sida duugta , baararka, iyo kaniisadaha. Dheeraad ah, nooca wada hadalka kuwaas oo ka caawiyey cilmi fiican u fahmaan qaar ka mid ah iska caabin ah si ay u isticmaalka cinjirka galmada; jidka in isticmaalka kondhomka waxaa duniyooyinka in fariimaha caafimaad ahaa khilaafsan sida in la kala hadlay in nolol maalmeedka (Tavory and Swidler 2009) .
Dabcan, sida xogta ka eBird, xogta ka joornaalada Project Malawi ma waa qumman yahay, arin wada hadlay si faahfaahsan by Watkins iyo shaqaalaheeda. Tusaale ahaan, wada hadalka la duubay ma yihiin muunad random ah oo dhan wada hadallada ay suurtagal tahay. Saas ma aha, waxay yihiin tirakoobka aan dhamaystirnayn oo wada hadalka ku saabsan AIDS. In la eego tayada xogta, cilmi-waxay aaminsan yihiin in saxafiyiinta ay ahaayeen suxufiyiinta oo tayo sare leh, sida laga arday joogta ah gudahood joornaalada iyo guud ahaan joornaalada. Dheeraad ah, markii suxufiyiinta ku filan yihiin la geeyay goob yar oo ku filan iyo wararka waxaa diiradda lagu saaray mawduuc gaar ah, shaqo la'aan noqday suurtagal ah, taas oo kordhinaysa kalsoonida tayada xogta. Tusaale ahaan, shaqaale galmo la odhan jiray "Stella" kor u muujiyeen dhowr jeer ee joornaalada afar wariye oo kala duwan (Watkins and Swidler 2009) . Sida ay ahayd in PhotoCity, isticmaalka shaqo waa mabda 'muhiim ah oo lagu qiimeeyo iyo hubinta tayada xogta mashaariicda qaybiyey xog ururinta. Si loo sii dhisi aad dareen, Shaxda 5.3 muujinayaa tusaalayaal kale oo xog ururinta qaybiyeen cilmi bulsho.
| Xog laga soo ururiyey | yeerida |
|---|---|
| Wada ku saabsan HIV / AIDS ee Malawi | Watkins and Swidler (2009) , Kaler, Watkins, and Angotti (2015) |
| Street dawarsanayay ee London | Purdam (2014) |
| dhacdooyinka Khilaafaadka ee Eastern Congo | Windt and Humphreys (2016) |
| hawlaha dhaqaalaha ee Nigeria iyo Liberia | Blumenstock, Keleher, and Reisinger (2016) |
| socoshada Influenza | Noort et al. (2015) |
All of tusaalooyin ku tilmaamay qaybtan ayaa ku lug lahaa ka qaybgalka firfircoon: Suxufiyiinta guuriyeen wada hadalka in ay maqleen, birders uploaded liiska birding ahaayeen, ama ciyaartoyda uploaded photos ay. Laakiin waxa haddii qaybgalka ahaa si toos ah iyo ma u baahan tahay wax xirfad gaar ah ama waqti ay ku soo gudbiyaan? Tani waa yabooha ay bixiyaan "Satlaytaka ka qaybqaadashada" ama "dadka wadaaagin Satlaytaka." Tusaale ahaan, booddo Patrol ah, mashruuc by saynisyahano at MIT, Jaha GPS accelerometers qalabaysan gudaha toddoba tagsiyada ee degaanka Boston (Eriksson et al. 2008) . Maxaa yeelay, wadista ka badan booddo oo ka dhigeysa in signal ah oo kala duwan accelerometer, qalabka, markii kaalinta gudaha ee tagaasida dhaqaaqin, abuuri karaan maps booddo ee Boston. Dabcan, tagaasida ha kala sooc lahayn oo aan muunad waddooyinka, laakiin marka la eego tagaasida ku filan, waxaa laga yaabaa in ku filan si ay u siiyaan macluumaad ku saabsan qaybo badan oo ay magaalada. lacagta A labaad ee nidaamka dadban ku tiirsan technology waa in ay de-xirfad habka of qayb xogta: halka waxay u baahan tahay xirfad ku dhiirrigeliney in ay eBird (maxaa yeelay, waxaad u baahan tahay in ay awoodaan in loogu kalsoonaan karo loo ogaado noocyada shimbir), waxay u baahan tahay ma xirfadaha gaarka ah si ay gacan ka booddo Patrol.
Weeraryahanka socday, waxaan ka shakisan tahay in mashaariic xog badan qaybiyey ururinta bilaabi doonaan in ay isticmaalaan awoodaha ee telefoonada gacanta la horey u qaadeen balaayiin dad ah oo aduunka. telefoonada Kuwani hore u leeyihiin tiro badan oo ah dareemayaal muhiim u ah cabbirka, sida mikroofanada, kamaradaha, qalabka GPS, iyo saacadaha. Dheeraad ah, kuwaas oo telefoonada mobile taageero apps dhinac saddexaad awood cilmi qaar ka mid ah gacanta ku Axdiyada dahsoon xog ururinta. Ugu dambeyntii, telefoonada waxay leeyihiin Internet-xirnaanta, taas oo suurta gal tahay inay iska-shuban xogta ay soo ururin. Waxaa jira caqabado farsamo badan oo ka dareemayaal sax ahayn in nolosha batteriga kooban, laakiin dhibaatooyinkaas tahay dhimi doonaa muddo sida technology yeesho. Arrimaha la xiriira gaarka ah iyo anshaxa, ayaa dhanka kale, laga yaabaa inay ka adag sidii technology yeesho; Waan soo noqon doonaa in ay su'aalo anshaxa markii aan bixiyaan talo ku saabsan la dhigaayo aad iskaashi mass u gaar ah.
In mashaariicda qaybiyey xog ururinta, mutadawiciinta ka qayb xogta ku saabsan adduunka. Habkan ayaa horay loo isticmaalo si guul ah, iyo isticmaalka mustaqbalka tahay yeelan doonaan in ay wax ka qabato sampling iyo tayada xogta walaac. Nasiib wanaag, mashaariicda hadda jira sida PhotoCity iyo booddo Patrol soo jeedinaya xal u hesho dhibaatooyinka kuwan. Sida mashaariicda dheeraad ah oo ka faa'iidaystaan technology oo awood qaybgalka de-xirfad leh oo dadban, qaybiyey mashaariicda xog ururinta waa in si weyn la kordhiyo in miisaanka, awood cilmi si ay u ururiyaan xogta ku jirtay oo si fudud off xadka ee la soo dhaafay.
