5.1 Hordhac

Wikipedia waa cajiib. iskaashi A mass mutadawiciin abuuray encyclopedia a fantastic in qof kastaaba heli karo. Furaha guusha Wikipedia ee ma ahaa aqoon cusub, halkii, waxay ahayd nooc cusub oo iskaashi. Da'da digital, nasiib wanaag, awood noocyo badan cusub ee iskaashi. Sidaas darteed, waa in aan hadda weydii: waxa weyn sayniska dhibaatooyin-Dhibaatooyinka in aynaan xallin karo shaqsi-karo aan hadda wada qabto?

Iskaashi ee cilmi waa wax cusub, dabcan. Waa maxay cusub, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa in da'da digital awood kaashaneysa go'an aad u balaaran iyo in ka badan kala duwan oo dad ah, balaayiin dad ah oo dunida ku leh Internet. Waxaan filayaa in iskaashi ballaaran cusub dhali doono natiijo la yaab leh ma ahan oo keliya, sababtoo ah tirada dadka ku lugta leh, laakiin sidoo kale sababta oo ah xirfadaha iyo aragtiyada kala duwan. Sida aynu dari karaa qof kasta oo leh xiriirka Internet-galay habka cilmi our? Maxaad samayn karaa 100 caawiyeyaasha cilmi? Maxaa ku saabsan 100,000 oo iskaashi xirfad?

Waxaa jira noocyo badan oo kaashanaysa mass, iyo cilmiga kombuyuutarka yaqaan sida caadiga ah iyaga abaabulo galay qaybaha tiro badan oo ku salaysan sifooyinka ay farsamo (Quinn and Bederson 2011) . Cutubkan, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaan doonayaa inaan guraan mashaariicda iskaashiga mass ku salaysan sida ay loo isticmaali karaa cilmi-baarista bulshada. Gaar ahaan, waxaan u malaynayaa in ay tahay mid waxtar leh in la kala saaro saddex nooc oo mashaariic: xisaabinta aadanaha, call furan, oo loo qaybiyey xog ururinta (Jaantuska 5.1).

Waxa aan ku qeexi doonaa mid kasta oo noocyada kuwaas oo si faahfaahsan weyn qaybaha danbe, laakiin haatan i sii daa aan ku tilmaami mid kasta si kooban. Mashaariicda xisaabinta Human waxaa haboon dhibaatooyinka fudud-hawl-weyn oo baaxad sida shaqi a million images. Kuwani waa mashaariicda ee la soo dhaafay ayaa laga yaabaa in la sameeyaa gargaarrada cilmi undergraduate. Qaadhaanka uma baahna xirfado shaqo la xiriira, iyo wax soo saarka final caadi ahaan waa celcelis ahaan dhan of darsaday. Tusaale A classic of mashruuc xisaabinta aadanaha waa Galaxy Zoo, halkaas oo a boqol oo kun oo mutadawiciin ka caawiyay cirbixiyeyaasha kala ah million falagyada. Mashaariicda Open call waxaa haboon dhibaatooyinka halkaas oo aad raadinayso novel iyo jawaabaha aan la filayn in ay su'aalo si cad u diyaariyey. Kuwani waa mashaariicda ee la soo dhaafay ayaa ku lug leh laga yaabaa in asxaabteena weydiinaya. Qaadhaanka ka dadka qaba xirfado shaqo la xiriira gaar ah iman, iyo wax soo saarka final sida caadiga ah waa ka ugu wanaagsan oo dhan darsaday. Tusaale A classic of call furan yahay Prize Netflix ah, halkaas oo kumanaan saynisyahano iyo Anonymous ayaa soo shaqeeyay si ay u horumariyaan algorithms cusub in la saadaaliyo ratings macaamiisha ah filimada. Ugu dambeyntii, mashaariicda xog ururinta qaybiyey waxaa haboon for baaxad weyn oo xog ururinta. Kuwani waa mashaariicda ee la soo dhaafay ayaa laga yaabaa in la sameeyaa gargaarrada cilmi undergraduate ama shirkadaha cilmi baadhitaan. Qaadhaanka caadi ahaan ka yimaadeen dadka ay heli karaan goobaha in cilmi ma samayn, iyo wax soo saarka ugu dambeeya waa ururinta a fudud ee darsaday. Tusaale A classic of ururinta xogta loo qaybiyey waa eBird, taas oo boqollaal kun oo mutadawiciin ka qayb warar ku saabsan shimbiraha ay arkaan.

Jaantuska 5.1: schematic iskaashiga Mass. Cutubkan waxaa lagu qabanqaabiyaa qiyaastii saddex noocyada ugu muhiimsan ee ay iskaashanayaan mass: xisaabinta aadanaha, call furan, oo loo qaybiyey ururinta xogta. More guud ahaan, iskaashiga mass isku daraa fikrado ka soo beeraha sida sayniska muwaadin, crowdsourcing, iyo sirdoonka wadareed.

Iskaashi Mass leedahay dheer, taariikhda hodanka ah ee beeraha sida xiddigaha (Marshall, Lintott, and Fletcher 2015) iyo ecology (Dickinson, Zuckerberg, and Bonter 2010) , laakiin ma aha weli caadi ah in cilmi bulsho. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, by tilmaamay mashaariicda guul ka beeraha kale iyo bixinta ah mabaadi'da abaabulka fure yar, waxaan rajeynayaa in aad ka dhaadhiciyo of laba wax. First, iskaashiga mass laga faaiidaysto kartaa cilmi bulsho. Oo, labaad, cilmi isticmaala iskaashiga mass awoodaan si ay u xaliyaan dhibaatooyinka ayaa hore u muuqatay wax aan macquul aheyn uu noqon doono. Inkasta oo ay iskaashanayaan mass waxaa inta badan dallacsiiyey hab si loo badbaadiyo lacag, waa ka sii badan intii in. Sida aan ku tusi doonaa, iskaashiga mass kaliya ma noo oggolaan in la sameeyo cilmi-baaris ka jaban, waxay noo ogolaadaa in ay cilmi-baarista si fiican u sameyn.

In cutubka hoose, mid kasta oo ka mid ah saddexda nooc weyn ee iskaashiga mass, waxaan ku tilmaami doonaa tusaale prototypical; muujinaya muhiim dhibcood oo dheeraad ah la tusaalooyin dheeraad ah; iyo ugu dambeyntii ku tilmaami sida foomkan iskaashi ballaaran loo isticmaali karaa cilmi-baarista bulshada. Cutubka oo shan mabaadi'da kaa caawin kara in aad ku qorshayso mashruuc iskaashi mass adiga kuu gaar ah soo gabagabeyn doontaa.