6.4 Afar mabaadii'da

Afar mabaadi'da in hanuunin kara cilmi jeeda hubin anshax waa: Ixtiraamka Dadka, Raxmaan, Caddaaladda, iyo Ixtiraamka Law iyo Public Interest.

Caqabadaha anshaxa in cilmi-ka fool da'da digital jira xoogaa ka duwan yahay kuwii hore. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, cilmi-qaban karin caqabadahan by dhisayo fikirka anshaxa hore. Gaar ahaan, waxaan aaminsanahay in mabaadi'da ku qeexay laba warbixinood-The Report Belmont (Belmont Report 1979) iyo Warbixinta Menlow The (Dittrich, Kenneally, and others 2011) cilmi-caawimo cabiidda sabab ku saabsan caqabadaha anshaxa in ay la kulmaan. Sida aan ku tilmaami faahfaahsan Lifaaqa Historical ah, oo labadoodaba waxaa ka mid ah warar kuwanu waxay ahaayeen natiijada wax qabadyada multi-sano by darfahoodii khubaro ah oo leh fursado badan oo talooyin kala duwan ee ay khuseyso.

First, 1974, in ay jawaab u anshax fashilaad cilmi, sida ku caan Tuskegee Waraabow Study (eeg Lifaaqa Historical), Congress Maraykanka abuuray guddi heer qaran ah u qoro tilmaamaha anshaxa cilmi ku lug leh maadooyinka aadanaha. Ka dib markii afar sano shirka Shirka Center Belmont ah, kooxda soo saaray Report Belmont ah, dukumenti caato ah, laakiin xoog badan. Report Belmont waa gundhig aqooneed waayo Rule Common, set ee nidaamyo ayaa lagu maamulayaa cilmi maadooyinka aadanaha in Institutional Review Guddiyada (IRBs) waxaa loo xilsaaray fulinta (Porter and Koski 2008) .

Markaas, 2010, in ay jawaab u ah fashilaad anshaxa ee cilmi ammaanka computer iyo dhib ka dalbato fikradaha ee Report Belmont in ay cilmi-baarista da'da digital, Dowladda-gaar ah US Department of Homeland Security-abuuray guddi buluug-qoofalan tahay in ay qoraan hagaya qaab anshax cilmi ku lug leh macluumaad iyo teknoolojiga isgaarsiinta (ICT). Natiijada dadaal oo intaasu waxay ahayd Warbixinta Menlow (Dittrich, Kenneally, and others 2011) .

Wadajir Report Belmont iyo Report Menlow bixin afar mabda 'in toosin kara mid wax qabadyada anshaxa cilmi: Ixtiraamka Dadka, Raxmaan, Caddaaladda, iyo Ixtiraamka Law iyo Public Interest. Dalbashada, kuwaas oo afar mabda 'ku dhaqanka had iyo jeer ma aha mid sahlan, oo ha idin weyddiiyo karaa shey adag. Mabaadi'da ku, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ku caawiyaan caddeeyo ganacsiga-offs, soo jeedinaayaan isbedel cilmi naqshado, iyo awood cilmi si ay u sharxaan oo ay sabab u midba midka kale iyo dadweynaha guud.