6.5 Laba Qaababka anshaxa
Doodaha ku saabsan anshaxa cilmi intooda badan loo yareeyo in khilaafka u dhexeeya consequentialism iyo deontology.
Kuwani afar mabda 'anshaxa isku inta badan oo ka soo jeeda laba qaab anshax aan la taaban karin, consequentialism iyo deontology. Fahamka Qaababka waa waxtar leh, sababtoo ah waxaa kaa caawin doona inaad la aqoonsado, ka dibna fikiraan oo ku saabsan mid ka mid ah xiisado muhiimsan ee aasaaska u ah ee anshaxa cilmi baarista, marka waxaad isticmaali kartaa hab laga yaabo akhlaaq daro in la gaaro dhamaadka ah anshaxa.
Consequentialism, taas oo uu leeyahay xididada shuqulka Jeremy Bentham iyo John Stuart Mill, diiradda saarayaa qaadashada ficillada keeni dalalka fiican adduunka (Sinnott-Armstrong 2014) . Mabda'a of Raxmaan, kaas oo diiradda saarayaa dheelli halista iyo faa'iidooyinka, ayaa aad uga geelaa in fikirka consequentialist. On kale gacanta, deontology, taas oo uu leeyahay xididada shuqulka IMMANUEL KANT, diiradda saarayaa waajibaadka anshaxa, ka madax banaan cawaaqibka ay (Alexander and Moore 2015) . Mabda'a ah Ixtiraamka Dadka, kaas oo diiradda on madaxbannaani ka qaybgalayaasha, ayaa aad uga geelaa in fikirka deontological. Hab dhakhso ah oo cayriin in la kala saaro labada Qaababka waa in consequentialists diiradda on darafyadiisa oo deontologists diiradda saaraan hab.
Si aad u aragto sida ay labadan Qaababka kala duwan karaan, ka fiirso oggolaansho la wargeliyey. Labada Qaababka loo isticmaali karo si ay u taageeraan oggolaansho la wargeliyey laakiin sababo kala duwan. dood A consequentialist for oggolaansho la wargeliyey waa in ay ka caawisaa si looga hortago in ay ka qaybgalayaashu waxyeelo by mamnuucaya cilmi in uusan si fiican u miisaamaan khatarta iyo lacagta la filayo. In si kale loo dhigo, fikirka consequentialist taageeri lahaa oggolaansho la wargeliyey maxaa yeelay waxa ay ka caawisaa looga hortago natiijooyinka xun ka qaybgalayaasha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wax xuja ah deontological for oggolaansho la wargeliyey diiradda saarayaa waajib ah cilmi ah in ay ixtiraamaan madax-bannaani ka mid ah ka qaybgalayaasha iyada. Marka la eego wajiyada kuwan, consequentialist daahir ah waxaa laga yaabaa in diyaar u ah inay ka tanaasulaan looga baahan yahay ee oggolaansho la wargeliyey in meel halkaas oo ahayd halis uma aha, halka deontologist daahir ah oo aan itaal.
consequentialism iyo deontology Labada bixiyaan aragti anshax oo muhiim ah, laakiin mid kasta la qaadi karo si aan macquul ahayn dhinacada. Waayo, consequentialism, mid ka mid ah xaaladaha khatarta ah waxaa loogu yeedhi yaabaa Transplant. Bal qiyaas dhakhtar qaba shan bukaanka u dhimanaya ee failure xubnaha iyo mid bukaan caafimaad oo xubnaha badbaadin karo oo dhan shan. Under shuruudo gaar ah, dhakhtar consequenalist la ogol yahay iyo xitaa loo baahan yahay si loo dilo-bukaanka caafimaad si aad u hesho xubno uu. Tani waxay diiradda dhamaystiran on darafyadiisa, iyada oon loo eegin hab, waa cilladaysan.
Sidoo kale, deontology sidoo kale la qaadi karo si dhinacada sirgaxan, sida ay dhacdo in laga yaabaa inuu Timebomb. Bal qiyaas sarkaal booliis ah ayaa lagu qabtay argagixiso oo garanaya meesha uu timebomb a sax in dili doonaan malaayiin dad ah. A sarkaalka booliiska deontological been uma sheegi doono si loo khiyaamo argagixiso ah oo wuxuu galay daaha meesha uu qaraxa. Tani waxay diiradda dhamaystiran oo ku saabsan hab, iyada oo aan la eego darafyadiisa, sidoo kale waa cilladaysan.
In dhaqanka, ugu cilmi bulsho si dadban u qabsanaysaa boorish a oo ka mid ah laba qaab anshax. Ogaanaya qasayso ah dugsiyada anshaxa waxay ka caawisaa caddeeyo sababta Doodaha-oo anshax badan waxa ay noqon dhexeeya kuwa ka badan consequentialist iyo kuwa ka badan deontological-la'anahay horumar badan sameeyaan. Doodaha Kuwani dhif ah loo xaliyo maxaa yeelay consequentialists bixiyaan dood ku saabsan darafyadiisa, dood in aan la qancin lahaayeen in ay deontologists ka welwelsan hab. Sidoo kale, deontologists u muuqdaan in ay bixiyaan dood ku saabsan hab, taas oo aan la qancin lahaayeen in ay consequentialists kuwaas oo diiradda on darafyadiisa. Xujooyin dhexeeya consequentialists iyo deontologists waa sida laba markab oo marayay in habeenkii.
Mid ka mid ah xalka in doodahan waa ay noqon lahayd cilmi bulshada si ay u horumariyaan boorish si joogta ah, damiir adag, oo si sahlan loo dalban of consequentialism iyo deontology. Nasiib darro, taasi uma badna inay dhici; faylosuufiinta ayaa ka shaqeeya, kuwaas oo dhibaato muddo dheer. Sidaa darteed, waxaan qabaa in koorsada oo keliya garoomada waa in la qirayaa in aan la shaqeeyo xagga Asaaska khilaafsan oo hore u NFD.
