2.3.2 Had iyo jeer
Had iyo jeer-xogta weyn awood waxbarasho ee dhacdooyinka aan la fileynin oo cabbirka-waqtiga dhabta ah.
Nidaamyo badan oo data weyn had iyo jeer-ku jira; ay si joogto ah ay yihiin ururinta xogta. Tani waxay had iyo jeer-on sifo bixisaa cilmi leh xogta gaadhya (ie, xogta muddo). In mar walba-ku waxay leedahay laba saamaynta muhiim u ah cilmi-baarista.
Marka hore, ururinta xogta marwalba waxay u sahlaysaa in cilmi-baadhayaashu ay bartaan munaasabado aan la fileyn oo siyaabo kale oo aan macquul ahayn. Tusaale ahaan, cilmi-baarayaasha oo xiiseynaya barashada mashaqada Muse ee loo yaqaan 'Occupy Gezi' ee Turkiga xagaaga 2013 ayaa sida caadiga ah diiradda saaraya dabeecadaha dibad baxayaasha inta lagu jiro dhacdada. Ceren Budak iyo Duncan Watts (2015) waxay awoodeen inay wax badan qabtaan iyaga oo isticmaalaya dabeecada had iyo jeer ee Twitter ah si ay u barato dibad-baxayaasha isticmaala Twitter kahor, inta lagu guda jiray, iyo ka dib dhacdada. Iyo, waxay awoodeen inay abuuraan koox isbarbardhig ah oo aan horay loo arag, ka hor, intii lagu jiray iyo ka dib dhacdada (Jaantus 2.2). Guud ahaan, gudigooda hore waxay ku jiraan tweets of 30,000 qof in ka badan laba sano. Budhis iyo Watts waxay ka heleen macluumaad dheeraad ah oo ay ka soo baxeen dibadbaxyada kale, waxay awoodeen in ay qiyaasaan noocyada dadka ay u badan tahay inay ka qaybqaataan dibadbaxyada Gezi iyo in ay qiyaasaan isbedelka habdhaqanka ka qaybqaatayaasha iyo kuwa aan cidina wadin, labadaba muddada gaaban (marka la barbardhigo Pre-Gezi ilaa inta lagu jiro Gezi) iyo muddada dheer (isbarbardhigga hore ee Gezi ee dib-u-celinta).
Jaantuska 2.2: Budak and Watts (2015) loo isticmaalo Budak and Watts (2015) si ay u baratamaan dibad-baxa Mucaaradka ee Turkiga ee xagaaga 2013-ka Iyagoo isticmaalaya dabeecadda had iyo jeer ee Twitter, cilmi-baarayaashu waxay abuureen waxa ay ugu yeedheen guddi -hore oo ay ku jiraan 30,000 oo qof oo ka weyn laba sano. Marka la barbardhigo daraasad caadi ah oo diiradda saareysa kaqeybgalayaasha inta lagu jiro dibad-baxyada, gudida hore waxay ku dareysaa 1) xogta ka qaybgalayaasha ka hor iyo ka dib dhacdada iyo 2) xogta ka imaanaya dadka aan is qabin, kahor, inta lagu jiro, iyo ka dib dhacdada. Nidaamkan xogta ku habboon ayaa Budak iyo Watts u suuro geliyey inay qiyaasaan noocyada dadka ay u badan tahay inay ka qayb qaataan dibadbaxa loo yaqaan 'Gezi' iyo in ay qiyaasaan isbeddelka ku yimaadda dabeecadaha ka qaybgalayaasha iyo kuwa aan ka qaybqaadan, labadaba muddada gaaban (marka la barbardhigo Prei-Prei intii lagu jiray Gezi ) iyo muddada dheer (isbarbardhigga hore ee Gezi oo la socda Gezi-post).
Waxaa laga yaabaa in shaki laga yaabo in qaar ka mid ah qiyaasahaas laga yaabo in la sameeyo iyadoo aan marnaba ilaha xog ururinta (tusaale ahaan, qiyaastii mudada dheer ee isbedelka dabeecada), taasina waa sax, inkastoo xog ururinta noocaas ah ee 30,000 oo qof ay ahaan lahayd qaali. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, miisaaniyadda aan xadidneyn, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma fekerayo habab kale oo dhab ahaantii u oggolaanaya in cilmi-baadhayaashu ay dib u socdaan isla markaana si toos ah ugu fiirsadaan dabeecadaha ka-qaybgalayaasha hore. Beddelka ugu dhow waxa uu noqonayaa in la ururiyo warbixinno dib-u-dhaqan celin ah, laakiin warbixinnadani waxay noqonayaan mid xadidan oo sax ah oo sax ah. Jadwalka 2.1 waxay bixisaa tusaalooyin kale oo daraasado ah oo isticmaalaya ilaha xogta markasta oo lagu barto dhacdo lama filaan ah.
| Munaasabada aan la fileyn | Mar walba-ilaha xogta | Xaqso |
|---|---|---|
| Dhaqdhaqaaqa socdaalka ee Gezi ee Turkiga | Budak and Watts (2015) | |
| Dibadbaxyo ka dhacaya Hong Kong | Zhang (2016) | |
| Saldhigyada bilayska ee New York City | Warbixinnada joojinta-iyo-joojinta | Legewie (2016) |
| Qofka ku biiraya ISIS | Magdy, Darwish, and Weber (2016) | |
| Sebtembar 11, 2001 weerar | livejournal.com | Cohn, Mehl, and Pennebaker (2004) |
| Sebtembar 11, 2001 weerar | fariimo xariif ah | Back, Küfner, and Egloff (2010) , Pury (2011) , Back, Küfner, and Egloff (2011) |
Marka lagu daro barashada dhacdooyinka lama filaanka ah, marwalba-nidaamyada xogta waaweyn ayaa sidoo kale u suurtogeliya cilmi-baarayaasha in ay soo saaraan qiyaaso dhab ah, taas oo muhiim u noqon karta meelaha ay siyaasad dejiyayaashu ku leeyihiin dawlada ama warshadaha-doonayaan inay ka jawaabaan iyadoo loo eegayo wacyi gelinta xaaladda. Tusaale ahaan, xogta warbaahinta bulshada ayaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu hagaajiyo waxqabadka degdegga ah ee musiibooyinka dabiiciga ah (Castillo 2016) iyo ilo xogeedyo kala duwan oo waaweyn oo loo adeegsan karo soo saarka qiyaasaha dhabta ah ee dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaqaalaha (Choi and Varian 2012) .
Gebogebada, marwalba nidaamyada xogta waxay u suurtageliyaan in cilmi-baadhayaasha ay bartaan munaasabadaha aan la fileynin oo ay siiyaan macluumaad wakhti-dhab ah siyaasadaha sameeya. Hase yeeshe, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay u maleynayaan in nidaamyada marwalba ay ku habboon yihiin raadinta isbeddellada muddo dheer. Saas waxaa ugu wacan nidaamyo badan oo data weyn joogto ah la beddelo-a-socodka aan wici doonaa fakadaan dambe ee cutubka (qaybta 2.3.7) ee.
