Waxa aad akhrineyso xiga

• Qalabka sawirka (qaybta 1.1)

Wixii sharaxaad faahfaahsan ee mashruuca Blumenstock iyo asxaabta, fiiri cutubka 3 ee buuggan.

• Ku soo dhawow da'da digital (qaybta 1.2)

Gleick (2011) wuxuu bixinayaa taariikh guud oo ku saabsan isbeddelka awooda bani-aadminimo ee uu ku ururiyo, kaydiyo, gudbiyo, iyo hannaanka macluumaadka.

Hordhaca da'da digital ah oo diirada saaraya waxyeelada suurtagalka ah, sida xadgudubyada gaarka ah, fiiri Abelson, Ledeen, and Lewis (2008) iyo Mayer-Schönberger (2009) . Hordhaca da'da dijitalka ah ee diirada saaraya fursadaha, fiiri Mayer-Schönberger and Cukier (2013) .

Faahfaahin dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan shirkadaha isku dhafan ee tijaabinta jimicsiga caadiga ah, eeg Manzi (2012) , iyo waxyaabo badan oo ku saabsan shirkadaha raadraaca firfircoonida aduunka ee jimicsiga, fiiri Levy and Baracas (2017) .

Nidaamyada da'yarta waxay noqon karaan qalab iyo walxo daraasad. Tusaale ahaan, waxaad isticmaali kartaa warbaahinta bulshada si aad u cabirto ra'yiga dadwaynaha ama waxaad dooneysaa inaad fahamto saameynta warbaahinta bulshada ee ra'yiga dadweynaha. Hal mar, nidaamka dijitaalku wuxuu u adeegaa qalab kaa caawiya inaad samayso cabbir cusub. Xaaladda kale, nidaamka dijitaalka waa sheyga daraasadda. Faahfaahin dheeri ah, fiiri Sandvig and Hargittai (2015) .

• Naqshadaynta cilmi baarista (qaybta 1.3)

Faahfaahin dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan qaabka cilmi baarista ee cilmiga bulshada, fiiri King, Keohane, and Verba (1994) , Singleton and Straits (2009) , iyo Khan and Fisher (2013) .

Donoho (2015) sharxayaa sayniska xogta Donoho (2015) dadka barashada xogta, waxayna bixisaa taariikhda sayniska xogta, raadinta asalka dhabta ah ee beerta aqoonyahanno sida Tukey, Cleveland, Chambers, iyo Breiman.

Si taxane ah warbixinno kowaad oo ku saabsan sameynta cilmi-baarista bulshada ee da'da digital, fiiri Hargittai and Sandvig (2015) .

• Mawduucyada buuggan (qaybta 1.4)

Wixii intaas ka badan oo ku saabsan isku-darka macluumaadka diyaarinta iyo xannaaneynta, eeg Goobaha Groves (2011) .

Faahfaahin dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan guuldarada "aqoonsi la'aanta," arag cutubka 6 ee buuggan. Farsamooyinka guud ee guud ee Blumenstock iyo asxaabtiisuba waxay isticmaalaan hanti dadweyne ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa inay wax ka qabtaan sifooyinka shakhsi ahaaneed ee xasaasiga ah, oo ay ku jiraan jihada galmada, qowmiyadda, aragtida diimeed iyo siyaasadeed, iyo isticmaalka walxaha la qabatimay (Kosinski, Stillwell, and Graepel 2013) .