4.5.1.1 Use huripo runyararo
Unogona kumhanya kuedza mukati huripo runyararo, kazhinji pasina Coding kana ushamwari.
Logistically, nyore nzira kuita digitaalinen kuedza ndiko kufukidza kuedza kwako pamusoro kumbova kwezvakatipoteredza, zvichiita kuti kumhanya digital munda chiedzwa. kuedza izvi zvinogona kumhanyira pane hunganziwo pamwero uye haadi nokufambidzana neboka kana zvakawanda Software kukura.
Somuenzaniso, Jennifer Doleac naRuka Stein (2013) yaingoda paIndaneti pamusika (semuenzaniso, craigslist) kumhanya kumwe kuedza kuti akayera rusaruraganda. Doleac uye Stein kuzoona zviuru iPods, uye zvakanyatsorongwa kusiyanisa zvinoitwa mutengesi, vakakwanisa kudzidza migumisiro rudzi pamusoro zvoupfumi pakutenga. Uyezve, Doleac uye Stein akashandisa pamwero yetsvakurudzo kwavo kufungidzira kana nezvinozoitika vakakura (heterogeneity kurapwa nemigumisiro) uye kupa dzimwe pfungwa pamusoro nei ingakubatsira kuitika (zvenhengo).
Asati pakudzidza Doleac uye Stein, pakanga huru nzira mbiri experimentally kuyera rusarura. In tsamba zvidzidzo vatsvakurudzi pave Tinoenderera mberi pakati vemungano vanhu vemarudzi akasiyana uye kushandisa Tinoenderera mberi izvi kuti, somuenzaniso, kushanda mabasa akasiyana. Bertrand uye Mullainathan vake (2004) bepa pamwe isingakanganwiki rokuti "Ko Emily uye Greg More Employable Than Lakisha uye Jamal? Munda Experiment on Labor Market Kuzvidzwa "ndizvo chaizvo mufananidzo papi kudzidza. Matsamba ongororo vane huri pasi mutengo pa pakuongorora, iyo inoita imwe mutsvakurudzi kuunganidza zviuru achicherechedza nezvaiitwa kudzidza. Asi, ongororo rusaruraganda matsamba vave nechokwadi nokuti mazita vanokwanisa chiratidzo zvinhu zvizhinji kuwedzera nhangemutange wacho. Izvozvo, mazita akadai Greg, Emily, Lakisha, uye Jamal anogona zviratidzo kirasi munzanga tisingaverengi nezvemarudzi. Saka, musiyano upi muna pakurapa Tinoenderera mberi pakati Greg uye Jamal zvingaratidzika kuva nokuda kupfuura nokuzvikudza rudzi kusiyana vamhan'ari. Odhita zvidzidzo, Ukuwo, inosanganisira vakabhadhara vatambi vemarudzi akasiyana kushandisa munhu mabasa. Kunyange zvazvo odhita zvidzidzo zvinopa chiratidzo chakajeka akwidza rudzi, unodhura zvikuru pa pakuongorora, izvo zvinoreva kuti ivo yemanyorero chete vane mazana zvaakacherechedza.
In kwavo digitaalinen munda kuedza, Doleac uye Stein vakakwanisa kusika anokwezva remasanganiswa. Vakakwanisa kuunganidza mashoko pachidiwa yakaderera mutengo paminiti pakuongorora-zvichiguma zviuru Zvaanoona (sezvo ari papi kudzidza) -uye vakakwanisa chiratidzo rudzi achishandisa mifananidzo-zvichiguma yakajeka uncounfounded chiratidzo vemadzinza (sezvo ari odhita kudzidza ). Saka, repaIndaneti zvakatipoteredza dzimwe nguva kunoita vatsvakurudzi kuti pave kurapa itsva kuti vane zvivako zviri zvakaoma kuvaka kudaro.
The iPod okushambadza pamusoro Doleac uye Stein zvakasiyana pamwe huru encombrements matatu. Chokutanga, havana dzaisiyana zvinoitwa mutengesi, rakanga zvakareva neruoko mifananidzo vachibatirira iPod [chena, dema, achachena kuzvitema] (Figure 4.12). Chechipiri, ivo dzaisiyana ari kubvunza mutengo [$ 90, $ 110, $ 130]. Chechitatu, ivo dzaisiyana kunaka AD rugwaro [yepamusoro uye kuderedzwa yakamboita (semuenzaniso, cApitalization zvikanganiso spelin zvikanganiso)]. Saka, vanyori vaiva 3 X 3 X 2 Magadzirirwo rakange kutumirwa mhiri vanopfuura 300 pamisika kubvira mumaguta (semuenzaniso, Kokomo, IN uye North Platte, NE) kune Mega-maguta (semuenzaniso, kuNew York uye Los Angeles).
Akasabvumirana 4.12: Hands akashandiswa kuedza pamusoro Doleac and Stein (2013) . iPods vakatengeswa kuburikidza vanowatengesa vane unhu hwakasiyana kuyera rusarura mune paIndaneti pamusika.
Paavhareji mhiri zvose ezvinhu, zvakaguma zvaitika zvaiva nani nokuti chena mutengesi kupfuura dema mutengesi, pamwe dzenyora mutengesi ane zvenguva nemigumisiro. Somuenzaniso, vanowatengesa chena mamwe inopa uye akanga achiatapudzira chokupedzisira Sale mitengo. Beyond izvi avhareji nemigumisiro, Doleac uye Stein yaifungidzira heterogeneity pamusoro migumisiro. Somuenzaniso, mumwe achifanotaura kubva kwokutanga dzidziso ndechokuti vanosarurwa kwaisazonyanyova vari mumisika vari kupfuura zvemakwikwi. Uchishandisa nhamba inopiwa vakagamuchira sechinhu Marshal nokuda musika makwikwi, hachishandi vakawana kuti matema vanowatengesa zvechokwadi vanogamuchira inopa zvakaipa pamisika ane vakaderera makwikwi. Uyezve, nokuenzanisa zvaitika nokuda shambadzo vane yepamusoro uye kuderedzwa yepamusoro rugwaro, Doleac uye Stein vakawana kuti AD unhu asingadi nechirongwa zvakaipira yakasangana vanowatengesa dema uye dzenyora. Pakupedzisira, kushandisa chokwadi chokuti okushambadza vakaiswa dzinopfuura 300 pamisika, hachishandi vanowana kuti matema vanowatengesa vanonyanyova vanotambudzika mumaguta vaine mhosva rates dzakakwirira chokugara segregation. Hapana nemigumisiro izvi zvinotipa chaiwo kunzwisisa chaizvo nei matema vanowatengesa akanga akaipa zvaitika, asi, kana pamwe nemigumisiro nedzimwe ongororo, vanogona kutanga kuudza dzidziso pamusoro zvinokonzera rusaruraganda mune mhando dzakasiyana zvoupfumi pakutenga.
Mumwe muenzaniso unoratidza kukwanisa vaongorori kuitisa digitaalinen munda kuedza muna huripo gadziriro ndiko kwakaitwa Arnout Van De Rijt uye nevamwe (2014) pazuva makiyi ubudirire. In zvakawanda zvoupenyu, vanhu inoita yakafanana anopedzisira zvaitika akasiyana chaizvo. Mumwe zvinogoneka tsananguro nokuti muenzaniso uyu kuti diki-uye vanotova chero-zvakanakira vanogona kiya-uye kukura nekufamba kwenguva, mumwe muitiro kuti vaongorori vanodana cumulative zvinobatsira. Kuti aone kana duku kutanga vabudirira kiya-kana uchabvuruvara, Van De Rijt uye nevamwe (2014) akapindira mana akasiyana gadziriro mukupa kubudirira pane randomly vakasarudzwa vechikamu, uye ipapo akayera-refu ekushandiswa kubudirira ichi kuchengera.
More zvakananga, motokari De Rijt uye nevamwe 1) ambofanobata mari randomly vakasarudzwa chirongwa musi kickstarter.com , mumwe crowdfunding Website; 2) chokwadi yavose sezvavakatarirwa randomly vakasarudzwa wongororo pamusoro Website epinions ; 3) akapa mibayiro kuti randomly vakasarudzwa mari Wikipedia ; uye 4) dzakasaina randomly vakasarudzwa zvikumbiro pamusoro change.org . Vaongorori vakawana nemigumisiro yakafanana chaizvo mhiri zvose zvina hurongwa: neimwe nyaya, vatori vakanga randomly kupiwa vamwe mangwanani kubudirira akapfuurira kuti zvakawanda unozotevera kubudirira pane avo zvikasadaro zvachose indistinguishable vezera (Figure 4.13). Chokwadi chokuti mumuitiro akaonekwa zhinji gadziriro anowedzera zvokunze anomutora nemigumisiro izvi nokuti kunoderedza mukana kuti muenzaniso uyu bhokisi chero chaiyo hurongwa.
Akasabvumirana 4.13: Long-rokuti anokonzerwa randomly dzakapiwa kubudirira ina magariro siyana enyika. Arnout Van De Rijt uye nevamwe (2014) 1) ambofanobata mari randomly vakasarudzwa chirongwa musi kickstarter.com , mumwe crowdfunding Website; 2) chokwadi yavose sezvavakatarirwa randomly vakasarudzwa wongororo pamusoro Website epinions ; 3) akapa mibayiro kuti randomly vakasarudzwa mari Wikipedia ; uye 4) dzakasaina randomly vakasarudzwa zvikumbiro pamusoro change.org .
Pamwe chete, mienzaniso iyi miviri inoratidza kuti vaongorori kuitisa digitaalinen munda kuedza pasina kudikanwa nemudiwa mapoka kana kudiwa kuvaka zvakaoma digitaalinen hurongwa. Uyezve, Table 4.2 rinopa zvakatowanda mienzaniso inoratidza kuwanda chii kunobvira kana vatsvakurudzi anoshandisa kwezvivako pamusoro zviripo hurongwa kuti anunure kurapwa uye / kana nechiyero zvaitika. kuedza izvi zvinoitika zvakachipa kuti vatsvakurudzi uye vanopa yakakwirira mwero realism. Asi, kuedza izvi kupa vaongorori shoma kudzora vechikamu, marapiro, uye zvakaguma zvaitika kuti kuyerwa. Uyezve, nokuti kuedza kuitika imwe chete ezvinhu, vatsvakurudzi vanofanira kuva nehanya kuti migumisiro zvaigona rinosundwa ezvinhu-chaizvo emuchina (semuenzaniso, nzira kuti Kickstarter pokutanga muzvirongwa kana nzira kuti change.org pokutanga zvikumbiro nokuti mamwe mashoko, ona nhaurirano pamusoro algorithmic akakunda muChitsauko 2). Pakupedzisira, apo vatsvakurudzi vapindire kushanda hurongwa, runonyengera mibvunzo yetsika kubuda pamusoro zvichiita kukuvadza kuvatori vechikamu, vasiri vechikamu, uye hurongwa. Tichakurukura mubvunzo izvi chemufungo zvakadzama muChitsauko 6, uye pane rakaisvonaka nhaurirano kwavo okuwedzera pamusoro Van De Rijt (2014) . The Ba--offs inouya kushanda munzvimbo huripo mugadziriro hazvisi yakanaka ose chirongwa, uye nokuda kwechikonzero ichocho vamwe vatsvakurudzi kuvaka zvavo experimental hurongwa, nyaya chinotevera.
| musoro | Citation |
|---|---|
| Mugumisiro barnstars pamusoro mipiro Wikipedia | Restivo and Rijt (2012) ; Restivo and Rijt (2014) ; Rijt et al. (2014) |
| Zvinovapo Anti-kushungurudzwa mashoko pamusoro musaruraganda Tweets | Munger (2016) |
| Mugumisiro okisheni nzira pasero mutengo | Lucking-Reiley (1999) |
| Zvazvakaita nomukurumbira mutengo pakombuyuta Auktionen pamusoro | Resnick et al. (2006) |
| Zvinovapo nhangemutange mutengesi ari kutengesa yebaseball nemakadhi musi eBay | Ayres, Banaji, and Jolls (2015) |
| Zvinovapo nhangemutange mutengesi ari kutengesa iPods | Doleac and Stein (2013) |
| Zvinovapo nhangemutange muenzi musi Airbnb Rentals | Edelman, Luca, and Svirsky (2016) |
| Mugumisiro mipiro pamusoro nokubudirira muzvirongwa musi Kickstarter | Rijt et al. (2014) |
| Zvazvakaita race uye urudzi pamusoro dzimba Rentals | Hogan and Berry (2011) |
| Zvazvakaita rekuva Rating nechekuita ratings pamusoro epinions | Rijt et al. (2014) |
| Mugumisiro vakasaina pamusoro kubudirira Zvikumbiro | Vaillant et al. (2015) ; Rijt et al. (2014) |
