4.5.1.2 Vakira yako chiedzwa
Kuvaka kwako kuedza ingava dzinodhura, asi zvichaita kuti ukwanise kusika kuedza kuti zvaunoda.
Mukuwedzera nemisoro kuedza pamusoro yaivapo runyararo, unogona kuvakirawo yako chiedzwa. The chikuru mukana nzira iri kudzorwa; kana uri kuvaka kuedza, unogona kusika zvakatipoteredza uye kurapa kuti zvaunoda. Izvi bespoke experimental runyararo vanogona mikana kuedza dzidziso kuti hazvibviri kuti kuedza muna sezvingatarisirwa kuitika runyararo. Huru zvainovhiringidzawo kuvaka kwako kuedza zviri kuti zvinogona zvinodhura uye kuti zvakatipoteredza kuti iwe unogona kusika arege kuva realism munhu sezvingatarisirwa kuitika gadziriro. Vatsvakurudzi kuvaka pachako kuedza kwavo kunofanira kuva nzira kuti arirwise vechikamu. Kana kushanda yaivapo gadziriro, vaongorori vanotova pokudzosa kuedza avo kuvashanu. Asi, kana vatsvakurudzi kuvaka pachavo kuedza kwavo, vanofanira kuuya vechikamu nayo. Sezvineiwo, services akadai Amazon Mechanical Zimbabwe Turk (MTurk) inogona vatsvakurudzi nzira yakatinakira kuunza vatori vechikamu kuti kuedza kwavo.
Mumwe muenzaniso zvinoratidza unhu hwakanaka bespoke runyararo kunovhenekwa Abstract dzidziso ndiyo digitaalinen yezvirwere kuedza kubudikidza Gregory Huber, Seti Hill, uye Gabriel Lenz (2012) . Kuedza rinoongorora angangovarwisa inoshanda chipingidzo nokushanda kwenhengo democratic utungamiriri. Pakutanga non-experimental zveBhaibheri sarudzo chaiyo anoratidza kuti vavhoti havagoni zvakarurama rokuongorora chokupika incumbent enyika. Kunyanya, vavhoti sokuti vanotambura vakanga vaine kwavakarerekera matatu: 1) nezvezvandaifanira ichangopfuura pane cumulative waivako; 2) manipulatable nokuda zvinotaurwa nevezvematongerwe, framing, kumusika; uye 3) kukanganiswa nezviitiko chokuita incumbent kuita, zvakadai kubudirira vomunharaunda yemitambo chikwata uye mamiriro okunze. Zvisinei, muzvidzidzo izvi zvisati zvaitika, zvakanga zvakaoma kuona chero izvi zvinhu zvose nedzimwe nhumbi zvinoitika zvechokwadi, sviba sarudzo. Naizvozvo, Huber uye nevamwe wakasika zvikuru nyore kuvhota mamiriro ezvinhu kuitira kuti kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe, uye ipapo experimentally kudzidza, mumwe nomumwe ava inobvira vakanga vaine kwavakarerekera zvitatu.
Sezvo ini anotsanangura experimental yakatarwa-up pazasi kuenda kuridza chakagadzirwa chaizvo, asi yeuka kuti realism hachisi chinangwa yezvirwere-nemanyorero kuedza. Asi, chinangwa iri pachena kupfigira muitiro kuti muri kuedza kudzidza, uye ichi voga zvakasimba dzimwe nguva zvisingaiti muzvidzidzo pamwe yakawanda realism (Falk and Heckman 2009) . Uyezve, pane chimwe chiitiko ichi, vatsvakurudzi vakati kuti kana vavhoti haagoni zvinobudirira kugona waivako iyi zvikuru Yokudzidza ezvinhu, ipapo havasi kuenda kukwanisa kuzviita sezvazviri chaizvo, zvikuru kunzwisisa marongero.
Huber uye nevamwe vaishandisa Amazon Mechanical Zimbabwe Turk (MTurk) rokutsvaka kuvashanu. Kamwe ubatanidzwe akapa omuzvarirwo ndokupfuura pfupi bvunzo, iye akaudzwa kuti akanga kupindira mune 32 kumativi mutambo kuwana zviratidzo kuti raigona mudzoke kunyika mari chaiyo. Pakutanga game, imwe neimwe yeboka akaudzwa kuti akanga agoverwa ane "allocator" aizoita kuti kumupa vakasununguka zviratidzo mumwe kunhivi uye kuti vamwe allocators vaiva rupo vamwe. Uyezve, imwe neimwe yeboka racho akaudzwa kuti aizova mukana kana kuchengeta kwake allocator kana kupiwa imwe itsva pashure 16 dzinenge mumutambo. Kupiwa zvaunoziva pamusoro Huber nokutsvakurudza zvinangwa nevamwe ', unogona kuona kuti allocator anomirira hurumende uye sarudzo iyi inomirira musarudzo, asi vatori vechikamu havana kuziva mukuru zvinangwa tsvakurudzo. In yose, Huber uye nevamwe basa vanenge 4,000 vechikamu avo vakabhadharwa inenge $ 1.25 kuti basa kuti akatora anenge 8 maminitsi.
Yeuka kuti mumwe zvakawanikwa pakutsvakurudza vamba chaiva kuti vavhoti mubayiro uye kuranga incumbents nokuda zvaitika kuti zviri pachena zvavasingagoni kuchinja, dzakadai kubudirira vomunharaunda zvikwata zvemitambo uye mamiriro okunze. Kuongorora kana vechikamu dzokuvhota zvisarudzo zvinogona kuchinjwa dzavasinei anongoitika zviitiko marongero avo, Huber uye nevamwe akawedzera rotari dzavo experimental hurongwa. Panguva kana rechi8 kunhivi kana rechi16 yakapoteredza (kureva, zvakarurama pamberi mukana kutsiva allocator) vadzidzi vakanzi randomly Vakaisa rotari apo vamwe vakakunda 5000 pfungwa, vamwe vakakunda 0 pfungwa, uye vamwe vakarasikirwa 5000 pfungwa. rotari Izvi akaitirwa kutevedzera zvakanaka kana zvakaipa akanaka kuti yakazvimirira chokupika wezvematongerwe enyika. Kunyange zvazvo vechikamu vakaudzwa zvakajeka kuti rotari akanga chokuita chokupika allocator yavo, mugumisiro rotari ichiri rinoitei zvisarudzo vechikamu. Vatori vechikamu kuti vakabatsirwa rotari vava kuramba allocator yavo, uye izvi zvakanga zvakasimba apo rotari zvakaitika kumativi 16-chaipo pamberi yokutsiva sarudzo pane kana zvakaitika muna kunhivi 8 (Figure 4.14). Zvawanikwa izvi, pamwe nemigumisiro dzimwe kuedza anoverengeka mupepa, akatungamirira Huber uye nevamwe kuti kugumisa kuti kunyange itsanangudzo ezvinhu, vavhoti vachinetseka kuita zvisarudzo zvokuchenjera, somugumisiro kuti rinoitei kutsvakurudza ramangwana pamusoro voter zvisarudzo (Healy and Malhotra 2013) . Kuedza pamusoro Huber uye nevamwe rinoratidza kuti MTurk hungashandiswa rokutsvaka vatori vechikamu yezvirwere-mhanya kuedza kuti vadzi- kuedza chaizvo chaizvo pfungwa. Zvinoratidzawo kukosha kuvaka kwako experimental zvakatipoteredza: zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti izvi kwemasayendisiti chete angadai dzoga zvokuti cleanly neimwe kurongwa.
Figure 4.14: Zvabuda kubva Huber, Hill, and Lenz (2012) . Vatori vechikamu kuti vakabatsirwa rotari vava varambe allocator yavo, uye izvi zvakanga zvakasimba apo rotari zvakaitika kumativi 16-chaipo pamberi yokutsiva sarudzo pane kana zvakaitika muna kumativi 8.
Kuwedzera pakuvaka yezvirwere-kufanana kuedza, vatsvakurudzi kunogonawo kuvaka kuedza kuti vakawanda munda-kufanana. Somuenzaniso, Centola (2010) akavaka digital munda kuedza kudzidza migumisiro pasocial network mamiriro chiparadzirwe yokuzvibata. Kutsvakurudza Kwake mubvunzo raida iye kuchengeta chete maitiro kuparadzira mune vanhu vakawanda kuti aiva akasiyana pasocial network zvivako asi zvisirizvo indistinguishable. The chete nzira yokuita izvi yakanga ine bespoke, tsika-akavaka chiedzwa. Panyaya iyi, Centola akavaka web-inobva utano munharaunda.
Centola basa vanenge 1,500 mugovane pakushambadzira utano Websites. Apo vatori vechikamu vasvika panguva paIndaneti munharaunda iyo yainzi Healthy Lifestyle Network-vaigovera omuzvarirwo ndokubva takagoverwa "utano kumadhindindi." Nokuda nzira Centola basa utano kumadhindindi izvi akakwanisa rukwa akasiyana pasocial network hurongwa dzakasiyana mapoka. Mamwe mapoka dzakavakwa kuti anongoitika network (apo munhu wose akanga zvakafanana vangangoora kwakabatana) uye mamwe mapoka dzakavakwa kuti clustered network (apo kwokubatana zvakawanda munharaunda batana). Zvadaro, Centola akatanga maitiro itsva muhombodo mumwe pomumbure, mukana kunyoresa kuti Website itsva mamwe mashoko utano. Pose munhu dzakasaina nokuda Website iyi itsva, ose utano kumadhindindi yake vakagamuchira email yokuzivisa maitiro ichi. Centola akawana kuti izvi maitiro-kusaina-up zvitsva Website-kuparadzira mberi uye dzichimhanya ari clustered pomumbure kupfuura anongoitika network, zvaonekwa kuti zvaipesana vamwe huripo dzidziso.
Yose zvayo, kuvaka kwenyu kuedza anokupai zvikuru kudzora; rinoita kuti vavake yakanakisisa inobvira kwezvakatipoteredza nevamwe zvaunoda kudzidza. Zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti vasingatsigiri kuedza izvi angadai akaita nenzira hunotovapo zvakatipoteredza. Uyezve, kuvaka kwako hurongwa chinoderedza chemufungo zvaimunetsa kumativi pokuedza mune yaivapo hurongwa. Zvisinei, kana ukavaka yako kuedza, iwe kumhanya kupinda zvinetso zvakawanda zviri nawo yezvirwere kuedza: arirwise vechikamu uye nezvemhosva realism. A chokupedzisira Zvakashatira ndechokuti kuvaka kwako kuedza kunogona kudhura uye nguva yakawanda, kunyange zvazvo sezvo mienzaniso iyi inoratidza kuti kuedza ingabva husina runyararo (akadai nokudzidza kuvhota kuburikidza Huber, Hill, and Lenz (2012) ) kuti tichishandisa runyararo kunzwisisa (akadai kudzidza network uye contagion kubudikidza Centola (2010) ).
