2.1 Introduction

Munguva analoginen zera, nekunhonga mashoko pamusoro maitiro-anoita chii apo-kwaidhura, uye naizvozvo, dererei. Zvino, ari digitaalinen zera, ivo maitiro evanhu zvakanyorwa, inochengetwa, uye analyzable. Somuenzaniso, nguva dzose iwe tinya pamusoro Website, kuti kudanwa kwenyu serura, kana kubhadhara chimwe chinhu kadhi rako rokubhengi, digital chinyorwa pamafambiro wakasikwa ochengetwa pedyo bhizimisi. Nekuti mashoko aya Kubudirira zuva rimwe zviito zvevanhu, vari anowanzonzi digitaalinen zvisaririra. Kuwedzera zvisarira izvi dzaidzidziswa nemabhizimisi, hurumende dzine chinopa mufumi mashoko nezveUmambo vanhu nemabhizimisi, mashoko iri kazhinji digitized uye analyzable. Pamwe chete izvi zvebhizimisi uye hurumende zvinyorwa zviri anowanzonzi mashoko makuru.

The nokusingaperi-kunobuda mafashamo makuru mashoko zvinoreva kuti isu vakatamira vachibva munyika umo zvomufambiro Data yaiva shoma kuti nyika umo zvounhu mashoko yakawandisa. Asi, nekuti izvi mhando Data vari yerudzi rutsva, ane anotambudzika uwandu kutsvakurudza kuvashandisa sokunge masayendisiti tinongoita kudzingana zviripo mashoko. chitsauko chino, pane, anopa imwe nzira nenheyo kunzwisisa dzakasiyana manyuko mashoko uye sei vanogona kushandiswa. kunzwisisa ichi dzakapfuma kunofanira kukubatsira kunowirirana dzenyu mibvunzo yokutsvakurudza nani zvinyorwa kwakakodzera mashoko. Kana, kana huripo mabhuku akadaro atakaitwa, utende kuunganidza pachako umboo enyu uchishandisa pfungwa muzvitsauko yemberi.

Danho rokutanga kudzidza kubva guru mashoko kuziva kuti chikamu chikamu yakakura ine mashoko yave kushandiswa evanhu kutsvakurudza kwemakore akawanda: observational mashoko. Nehasha, observational mashoko pane mashoko kunobva nokucherechedza pasocial hurongwa pasina kupindira mune dzimwe nzira. A zvakaoma nzira kufunga nezvazvo kuti observational mashoko ndiye zvose hakudi kutaura nevanhu (semuenzaniso, kuongorora, nyaya Chapter 3) kana kuchinja mamiriro ezvinhu evanhu (semuenzaniso, kuedza, nyaya Chapter 4). Saka, kuwedzera zvebhizimisi uye hurumende zvinyorwa, observational mashoko inosanganisirawo zvinhu zvakafanana rugwaro mumapepanhau uye kuongorora mapikicha.

chitsauko chino ane zvikamu zvitatu. Chokutanga, muChikamu 2.2, I tsanangura mashoko makuru zvakadzama uye kujekesa chinokosha musiyano pakati payo uye mashoko izvo kazhinji yashandiswa nokuda munzanga tsvakurudzo kare. Zvadaro, muChikamu 2.3, I tsanangura unhu gumi zvinowanzovapo guru mashoko zvinyorwa. Kunzwisisa unhu izvi tikwanise nokukurumidza kuziva zvinokwaniswa kunoongorora zviripo manyuko uye kuchatibatsira kubata zvinyorwa zvitsva achaitwa akasikwa ramangwana. Pakupedzisira, muChikamu 2.4, I anorondedzera nhatu huru tsvakurudzo nzira dzaungashandisa kuti kudzidza kubva observational date: kuzviverenga zvinhu, kufungidzira zvinhu, uye approximating kumwe kuedza.