2.4.1.1 Taxis muNew York City

Mumwe mutsvakurudzi akashandisa mashoko makuru kubva tekisi metres kudzidza sarudzo pamusoro tekisi nevatyairi muNew York. Date izvi yakanga yakanyatsokodzera kutsvakurudza ichi.

Mumwe muenzaniso mano simba yekuverenga zvakanaka anobva Henry Farber raMwari (2015) Kudzidza unhu vatyairi New York City tekisi. Kunyange zvazvo boka iri arege kuridza hwaioneka dzinonakidza chinhu inokosha tsvakurudzo nzvimbo muchizviedza maviri aikwikwidzana dzidziso anopona zvoupfumi. Nekuti zvakafunga pakutsvakurudza Farber wacho, pane zviviri zvinokosha zviri pamusoro kubasa kwavatariri tekisi: 1) avo Hourly mubayiro fluctuates kubvira zuva nezuva, kwakavakirwa muchidimbu pamusoro zvinhu sezvinoita okunze uye 2) nhamba maawa vanoshanda anochinja-chinja rimwe zuva yakavakirwa zvisarudzo mutyairi wacho. Izvi zvinhu kutungamirira kuukama mubvunzo inonakidza pamusoro ukama pakati nenguva mubayiro uye maawa dzakashanda. Neoclassical tsvarakadenga iri nemari kufanotaura kuti vatyairi tekisi dai kushanda mamwe mazuva apo vane yepamusorosoro Hourly mubayiro. Neimwe nzira, mhando kubva maitiro dzezvoupfumi kufanotaura chaizvo zvakasiyana. Kana vatyairi akaisa imwe mari chipfuro-muti $ 100 pazuva-uye basa kusvikira chipfuro kunozadziswa, ipapo vatyairi aipedzisira kushanda maawa mashoma pamazuva kuti vari kuwana zvakawanda. Somuenzaniso, kana wanga uri kupfura earner, ungapedzisira kushanda 4 kwemaawa nezuva rakanaka ($ 25 paawa) uye 5 kwemaawa pazuva zvakaipa ($ 20 paawa). Saka, regai vatyairi kushanda kwemaawa pamazuva pamwe dzakakwirira nenguva mubayiro (sokutaurwa kwazvakaitwa neoclassical mienzaniso) kana kupfuura kwemaawa pamazuva hwakaderera nenguva mubayiro (sokutaurwa kwazvakaitwa maitiro zveupfumi mienzaniso)?

Kuti tipindure mubvunzo uyu Farber akawana mashoko ose tekisi rwendo yakatorwa New York City cabs kubva 2009 - 2013, mashoko kuti ava pachena kuwanika . date-izvo Izvi ikaunganidzwa kubudikidza yemagetsi metres kuti guta zvinoda nemuchovha kushandisa-zvinosanganisira akawanda zvidimbu mashoko rimwe rwendo: kutanga nguva, kutanga nzvimbo, yokuguma, kuguma nzvimbo, yokufamba, uye muromo (kana muromo rwakabhadharwa aine kadhi rechikwereti). In yose, mashoko Farber hwaiva mashoko pamusoro vanenge mamiriyoni 900 nzendo akatorwa panguva vanenge mamiriyoni 40 panofamba (kuchinja ndiro nehasha rimwe zuva basa rimwe mutyairi). Kutaura zvazviri, pakanga zvikuru data, kuti Farber chete akashandisa kurongwa nzwisa kuti ongororo yake. Kushandisa uku tekisi mita data, Farber akawana kuti vatyairi vakawanda kushanda mazuva apo mubayiro dzakakwirira, inoenderana pamwe neoclassical pfungwa. Kuwedzera ichi chikuru Kuwana, Farber akakwanisa zvireruke ukuru mashoko nokuda kunzwisisa heterogeneity uye simba nani. Farber akawana kuti pamusoro nguva vatyairi vatsva zvishoma nezvishoma kudzidza kushanda zvakawanda kwemaawa kumusoro mubayiro mazuva (semuenzaniso, vanodzidza vazvibate sezvo neoclassical zvivezwa inofanotaura). Uye, vatyairi vatsva vanoita zvakawanda sezvinoita chipfuro earners vangangowedzera kurega kuva tekisi mutyairi. Zvose izvi zvakawanikwa yakasvinuka, izvo kubatsira kutsanangura vakachengeta maitiro kwavatariri kuitika, zvaibvira chete nokuda kukura dataset. Vangadai kunge zvisingaiti kuona muzvidzidzo vamba kuti akashandisa bepa rwendo machira pamusoro pfupi nguva (semuenzaniso, kubva vashoma vatyairi tekisi Camerer et al. (1997) ).

Farber kuti kudzidza chaiva pedyo kuti zvakanakisisa-nyaya kuti chidzidzo uchishandisa mashoko makuru. Chokutanga, mashoko havana vasiri mumiririri nokuti guta waida vatyairi kushandisa digitaalinen mamita. Zvino, ari mashoko havana kukwana nokuti mashoko kuti ikaunganidzwa guta rakanga tsvarakadenga pedyo date kuti Farber ndingadai ndaitora kana aiva sarudzo (imwe musiyano ndechokuti Farber aizofanira vaida mashoko pamusoro zvachose mubayiro-fares ndinoiitawo tips- asi date guta chete zvaisanganisira mazano inobhadharwa kadhi). The kiyi pakutsvakurudza Farber yakanga tichibatanidza mubvunzo zvakanaka mashoko akanaka. The date chete hazvina kukwana.