2.2 date Big

Big Data Zvakasikwa uye dzakaunganidza nehurumende zvimwe pane pakutsvakurudza zvinangwa. Uchishandisa date ichi kutsvakurudza, saka, zvinoda repurposing.

An idealized maonero evanhu tsvakurudzo anofungidzira musayendisiti yakaruma pfungwa uye achiunganidza Data kuedza kuti pfungwa. Style ichi kutsvakurudza kunotungamirira vakabatisisa zvakakodzera pakati pakutsvakurudza mubvunzo uye data, asi zviri shoma nokuti mutsvakurudzi munhu kazhinji havana zvokukuripira vaifanira kuunganidza mashoko zvavanoda, zvakadai guru, vapfumi, uye munyika-mumiririri mashoko. Naizvozvo, yakawanda munzanga tsvakurudzo kare rakashandisa huru dzinotambudza evanhu kuongorora, dzakadai General Social Survey (GSS), American National Election Study (ANES), uye Panel Kudzidza Income Dynamics (PSID). Ava huru dzinotambudza ongororo kazhinji kumhanya nenzira chikwata vaongorori uye zvakagadzirirwa kusika mashoko anogona kushandiswa nevatsvakurudzi vakawanda. Nemhaka zvinangwa izvi huru dzinotambudza kuongorora, kutarisirwa kukuru rinoiswa mazano ari mashoko muunganidzwa uye kugadzirira matambudziko mashoko kushandiswa nevatsvakurudzi. date ava pedyo vaongorori uye nevatsvakurudzi.

Zvisinei, Most munzanga tsvakurudzo vachishandisa digitaalinen zera manyuko, ndiye unopfuura akasiyana. Pane kushandisa mashoko unganidzwa nokuda vaongorori uye nokuti vanotsvakurudza, rinoshandisa mashoko matsime kuti zvakasikwa uye dzakaunganidza kubudikidza mabhizimisi uye hurumende nokuda kwezvinangwa zvavo zvakadai sokuridza purofiti, ichipa basa, kana ane- mutemo. Ava zvebhizimisi uye hurumende Data manyuko vauya kunzi mashoko makuru. Kutsvakurudza pamwe guru mashoko kwakasiyana pane kuita tsvakurudzo pamwe date kuti pakutanga akasikwa pakutsvakurudza. Enzanisa Somuenzaniso, zvokugarisana nhau Website, akadai Twitter, ane tsika nevanhuwo ongororo dzakadai General Social Survey (GSS). zvinangwa huru Twitter vanofanira kupa kushumira vanoshandisa ayo uye kuti purofiti. Mukuita yekuwana zvinangwa izvi, Twitter anosika mashoko kuti ave inobatsira kudzidza zvimwe nevanhuwo. Asi, kusiyana General Social Survey (GSS), Twitter haingotauri achifunga evanhu tsvakurudzo.

Izwi guru mashoko ari frustratingly kujeka, uye mapoka pamwe chete zvinhu zvizhinji zvakasiyana. Nekuti zvakafunga evanhu tsvakurudzo, ndinofunga zvinobatsira kusiyanisa dzamarudzi maviri makuru mashoko matsime. Hurumende zvinyorwa administrative uye mabhizimisi zvinyorwa administrative Hurumende administrative zvinyorwa zviri Data kuti vakasikwa nehurumende sorutivi dzavo dzose mabasa. Kupira uku zvinyorwa ave achishandiswa vatsvakurudzi kare-akadai demographers kudzidza nokuberekwa, muchato, uye rufu zvinyorwa-asi nehurumende vari kuramba achiunganidza uye kwokusunungura hwakadzama zvinyorwa zviri analyzable siyana. Somuenzaniso, hurumende New York City akagadza digitaalinen metres mukati ose tekisi muguta. mamita aya kunyora marudzi ose mashoko pamusoro nomumwe tekisi atasve kusanganisira mutyairi, kutanga nguva uye nzvimbo, uye vanorega nguva uye nzvimbo, uye yokufamba. Pakuongorora kuti ndigozoparidza gare gare muchitsauko chino, Henry Farber (2015) repurposed mashoko aya kuti agadzirise inokosha gakava achipona nemari pamusoro ukama pakati nenguva mubayiro uye uwandu maawa dzakashanda.

Wechipiri chikuru mhando guru mashoko nokuda chinzvimbo tsvakurudzo Basa administrative zvinyorwa. Ava date kuti bhizimisi kusika uye unganidza sevamwe vavo dzose mabasa. Izvi bhizimisi administrative zvinyorwa zviri anowanzonzi digitaalinen zvisaririra, uye anosanganisira zvinhu zvakafanana kutsvaka injini mubvunzo matanda, magariro venhau mbiru, uye udane zvinyorwa kubva dzeserura. Achitsoropodza, izvi bhizimisi administrative zvinyorwa havasi kuda paIndaneti maitiro. Somuenzaniso, zvitoro dzinoshandisa tarisa-panze scanners vari kusika-chaicho nguva zviyero mushandi kwezvinhu. Pakuongorora kuti Ndichaudza kukuudza pamusoro gare gare muchitsauko chino, Alexandre Mas uye Enrico Moretti (2009) repurposed ichi Supermarket tarisa-panze Data kudzidza kuti vashandi 'negoho ari rinoitei nokuda negoho vezera ravo.

Sezvo vaviri Mienzaniso iyi inoratidza, pfungwa repurposing chinokosha chokudzidza mashoko makuru. In ruzivo rwangu, magariro masayendisiti uye mashoko masayendisiti kuzvinhu izvi repurposing chaizvo zvakasiyana. masayendisiti Social, uyo vakajaira kushanda nemashoko zvakagadzirirwa kutsvakurudza, vanokurumidza achibva matambudziko repurposed mashoko vachifuratira zvayo kunyatsoita. Ukuwo, mashoko masayendisiti vanokurumidza achibva zvakanakira repurposed mashoko vachifuratira utera dzayo. Sezvingatarisirwa, yakanakisisa nzira yaizova remasanganiswa. Ndiko, vatsvakurudzi vanofanira kunzwisisa maitiro anopa izvi itsva mashoko-zvose zvakanaka nezvakaipa-uye edza sei kudzidza kubva kwavari. Uye, kuti ndiye toronga chasara chitsauko chino. Zvadaro, ndichaita kutsanangura unhu gumi zvinowanzovapo zvebhizimisi uye hurumende yaiona nezvenyaya mashoko. Pashure paizvozvo, ndichaita kutsanangura zvitatu Nzira tsvakurudzo anogona kushandiswa mashoko aya, nzira dziri yakanyatsokodzera hunhu mashoko ichi.