2.3.2.2 sasvikika
Data dzaidzidziswa mabhizimisi uye nehurumende zviri kuomera nevatsvakurudzi kuwana.
Muna May 2014, US National Security Agenda yakavhura date muzinda kumaruwa Utah kuti ane kusagadzikana zita, iro Intelligence Community Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative Data Center. Zvisinei, ichi date centre, kwasvika kuzivikanwa sezvo Utah Data Center, Zvinonzi kuva yaishamisa nezvaanogona. Mumwe mushumo alleges kuti Utah Data Center anokwanisa kuchengeta uye dzinoona kwose yokutaurirana kusanganisira "zviri kwakakwana toga na, sero foni, uye Google anotsvaka, uyewo zvose zvemarudzi pachake mashoko trails-rokupaka pakutengeserana, kufamba itineraries , chemabhuku kutenga, uye nezvimwe digitaalinen `muhomwe nemarara '" (Bamford 2012) . Kuwedzera nokumutswa kunetseka inonyatsoziva hunhu zvakawanda akabatwa mashoko makuru, izvo zvichashandiswa kurondedzerwa zvikuru pazasi, mashoko Utah Data Center iri yokunyanyisa muenzaniso akapfuma mashoko tsime iri isingasvikiki nevaongorori. More kazhinji, mabhuku akawanda guru mashoko kuti zvaizova kubatsira vaongorori zvinodzorwa uye kukunyimai nehurumende (semuenzaniso, mutero Data uye mashoko dzidzo) uye makambani (semuenzaniso, queries kuzoshora injini uye runhare Meta-date). Saka, mashoko aya hakuzovi pakarepo kuwanikwa nevaongorori panguva kumayunivhesiti, uye vakawanda kunyange kuva riwanikwe vatsvakurudzi hurumende kana makambani.
In ruzivo rwangu, vaongorori vakawanda kwakavakirwa panguva mumayunivhesiti kunzwisisa kunobva inaccessibility ichi. date izvi hazvisi dzisingambosvikiki nokuti vanhu makambani nehurumende vari mapenzi, simbe, kana hanya. Asi, pane zvakakomba nomutemo, zvekushandisa, mabhizimisi, uye zvipingamupinyi yetsika nemagariro kudzivirira date mukana. Somuenzaniso, vamwe mashoko-of-basa zvibvumirano nokuda Websites chete kubvumira Data ichashandiswa vashandi kana kuti kuvandudza basa. Saka, mamwe marudzi mashoko nokugoverana aigona pachena makambani kuzvichemo kumatare from vatengi. Kunewo nouchapupu mabhizimisi ngozi kumakambani vanobatanidzwa nokuitawo Data. Edza kufungidzira kuti vanhu vaizoita sei kana munhu kutsvaka Data netsaona leaked kubva Google sezvo chikamu tsvakurudzo wepayunivhesiti chirongwa. Akadaro date nokuvhunika, kana akanyanyisa, kuti kunyange kuva tsika ngozi kambani. Saka Google-uye vakawanda makuru nemakambani-vari ngozi-averse chaizvo chokuudzawo mashoko pamwe vaongorori.
Kutaura zvazviri, anenge munhu wose ari munzvimbo kugovera kuwana yakawanda date anoziva nyaya Abdur Chowdhury. Muna 2006, paakanga musoro AOL tsvakurudzo, nemaune akavasunungurira zvaakanga achifunga vakanga anonymized kutsvaka queries kubva 650,000 AOL vanoshandisa kuti kutsvakurudza munharaunda. Kana toreva ndinogona kukuudza, Chowdhury uye vaongorori pana AOL vaiva nevavariro dzakanaka uye vaifunga kuti vakanga anonymized humboo. Asi, vakanga vakarasika. Zvakanga nokukurumidza yakawanikwa kuti mashoko akanga asina sezvo kusazivikanwa sezvo vaongorori vakafunga, uye vatori venhau kubva New York Times vakakwanisa kuziva vanhu vari dataset nyore (Barbaro and Zeller Jr 2006) . Kamwe matambudziko aya pazvakawanikwa, Chowdhury akabvisa mashoko kubva AOL kwakaita Website, asi zvakanga manonoko. The date akanga reposted dzimwe Websites, uye zvimwe zvichiri kuwanikwa kana uchiverenga bhuku rino. Nokuda kuedza kwake kugoverana umboo pamwe tsvakurudzo munharaunda, Chowdhury akanga adzingwa basa, uye AOL mukuru zvemichina mukuru akasiya (Hafner 2006) . Sezvinoratidzwa nomuenzaniso uyu zvinoratidza kuti zvinobatsira chaizvo vanhu mukati makambani kuti zviite date mukana vari runako diki uye nezvedambudziko Muchiitiko rinotyisa.
Research anogona Zvisinei, kuwana mashoko ari dzisingambosvikiki kune voruzhinji. Hurumende vane pachishandiswa kuti vatsvakurudzi vanogona kutevera kushandisa nokuda kuwana, uye sezvo pava paya mienzaniso iyi muchitsauko zvinoratidzei, vatsvakurudzi vanogona neapo kuwana yemakambani mashoko. Somuenzaniso, Einav et al. (2015) partnered aine mutsvakurudzi pana eBay kudzidza digitaalinen zvisaririra kubva paIndaneti Auktionen. Ndichaudza kutaura zvakawanda pamusoro kutsvakurudza rakabva pamwe ichi gare gare muchitsauko (Section 2.4.3.2), asi ini zvino nezvomutsa nokuti yakange zvose zvina zvokubikisa kuti ndinoona zviri kubudirira kudyidzana: mutsvakurudzi mubereko, muongorori kugona, mubereko kambani, uye kugona kambani. Nemamwe mashoko, Einav uye nevamwe vaifarira uye vanokwanisa kudzidza paIndaneti Auktionen. Uye, eBay aivawo. Zvisinei, ndakaona kuti vakawanda zvinobvira kutsigirana vanokundikana nokuti kana nevatsvakurudzi kana kambani waishaiwa mumwe zvinhu izvi.
Kunyange kana uchigona Zvisinei kuva nokufambidzana ane bhizimisi, pane dzimwe downsides kwamuri. Chokutanga, mibvunzo kuti unogona kubvunza pamwe mashoko pamwe zvichida kuva shoma; Makambani kashoma kubvumira tsvakurudzo kuti aigona ndivaite kutarisa zvakaipa. Chechipiri, zvimwe haungazofaniri kukwanisa kuudza mashoko ako nevamwe vatsvakurudzi, izvo zvinoreva kuti vamwe vatsvakurudzi havazokwanisi kuziva nokurebesa migumisiro yenyu. Uyezve, kudyidzana izvi zvinogona kuumba kanenge nezve kunetsana kufarira, apo vanhu vangafunga kuti migumisiro enyu vaifurirwa kudyidzana dzenyu. Vose downsides izvi zvinogona kugadziriswa, asi zvakakosha kuti pachena kuti kushanda Data kuti hakusi nyore vose vakanga vari upsides uye downsides.
Mukupfupikisa, yakawanda zvikuru mashoko ari isingasvikiki nevaongorori. Kune zvakakomba nomutemo, zvekushandisa, mabhizimisi, uye zvipingamupinyi yetsika nemagariro kudzivirira mashoko mukana, uye zvipingamupinyi izvi kuzoenda. National Hurumende kazhinji makasimbisa zvinofanira kuitwa rinoita date kuwana, asi muitiro unogona kuva kuna hoc panguva rehurumende uye nemakanzuru siyana. Uyewo, dzimwe nguva, vatsvakurudzi vanogona mudiwa mapoka kuwana mashoko kuwana, asi izvi zvinogona kuumba siyana zvinetso nevatsvakurudzi.
