5.3.3 Kuda-to-Patent

Nyatsotarira-to-bvumidzwa ane kudanwa rakashama rinobatsira bvumidzwa bvunzo kuwana asati unyanzvi; zvinoratidza kuti rakazaruka zvinoda inogona kushandiswa kupfuura kufanotaura matambudziko.

Patent bvunzo vane basa rakaoma. Vanowana zvokuita nemashoko mashoma ichiti, lawyerly kurondedzerwa zvigadzirwa zvitsva, uye ipapo vanofanira kusarudza kana akataura kuvamba ndiye "yokufungidzira." Kureva kuti, muongorori vanofanira kusarudza kana paine "asati unyanzvi" kureva kare akatsanangura shanduro ichi chakatangwa-zvaizoratidza anoshandura aronga bvumidzwa ndedzenhema. Kuti tinzwisise kuti izvi zvinoshanda, ngatikurukurei mumwe bvumidzwa muongorori anonzi Albert, vachikudza Albert Einstein akazvipinza kutanga kwake Swiss Patent Office. Albert aigona kugamuchira fomu akafanana US Patent 20070118658 nyaya na Hewlett Packard kuti "User-selectable kwounyanzvi vakamuka zvinorigadzirisa" uye anorondedzerwa kwazvo muBheti Noveck bhuku Wiki Government (2009) . Heinoi yakatanga pokushandisa:

"A yekombiyuta, dzine: mumwe processor; kumboenda chiyamuro / goho hurongwa (Bios) kusanganisira pfungwa mirayiridzo iyo, kana vakaurayiwa processor, kugadzira ari processor kuti: kutanga simba kuzvida bvunzo (POST) kubudiswa munyika dzinokosha chiyamuro / goho gadziriro ane kadambari mudziyo; chipo mumwe kana kupfuura kwounyanzvi akangwarira Formats vari aishandisa inowanikwa; kugamuchira kusarudzwa chiratidzo kubva User inowanikwa chinozivisa rimwe basa akangwarira Formats dzaitaurwa mushandisi inowanikwa; uye kugadzira zano machira kuna kadambari hurongwa pamwe akaratidza utariri akasvinurira format. "

Vanofanira Albert mubayiro 20 gore chindingindingi kodzero bvumidzwa ichi kana ndipo pave asati unyanzvi? The mbambo pazvisarudzo zhinji bvumidzwa yakakwirira, asi zvinosuruvarisa Albert dzichafanira kuita sarudzo iyi pasina zvakawanda kuti angada. Nokuda hombe backlog pamusoro patents, Albert kushanda pasi zvikuru nguva kufurirwa uye anofanira kuita sarudzo yake inobva maawa 20 chete basa. Uyezve, pamusana kudikanwa yaida kuvamba pakavanda, Albert haabvumirwi kubvunza kunze nyanzvi (Noveck 2006) .

Izvi akarova mutemo muzvinafundo Beth Noveck sezvo zvachose kuputsika. Muna July 2005, akafuridzirwa muchidimbu kubudikidza Wikipedia, iye akasika Blog mumhanyi vanoda "Nyatsotarira-kuti-Patent: A Mwero kupfimbwa" akadana kuti ive pachena kuda-muchidimbu marongedzero patents. Mushure pamwe chete US Patent uye zvinomusiyanisa nevamwe Hofisi uye uchinditungamirira zvemichina makambani akadai IBM, Nyatsotarira-to-Patent kwakatangwa muna June 2007. A kusvika 200 egore yehurumende muboka revatungamiriri uye boka magweta sokunge nzvimbo kashoma kutsvaka utsanzi , asi kufanana-kuti-Patent anoita akanaka basa vakadengezera wose kufarira.

Figure 5.9: Nyatsotarira-kuti-bvumidzwa Workflow. Source: Bestor and Hamp (2010) .

Heunoi ainoita (Figure 5,9). Pashure muvambi anobvuma kuti chikumbiro aende kuburikidza munharaunda muchidimbu (more pamusoro nei iye aite kuti nechinguvana), application iri re kune Website. Zvadaro, kushanda rinokurukurwa nokuda vemunharaunda reviewers (zvakare, zvakawanda nezvokuti nei ivo kuti kubatanidzwa nechinguvana) uye mienzaniso zvichiita risati unyanzvi vanowanwa, annotated, uye uploaded kuti Website. Chirongwa pokukurukurirana, kutsvakurudza, uye uchiisa mberi, kusvikira, pakupedzisira, nharaunda yevanhu reviewers mavhoti kusarudza pamusoro 10 zvidimbu vaifungira risati iwe kuti vari ipapo akatumwa bvumidzwa muongorori Zvokukurukura. The bvumidzwa muongorori ipapo anoitisa kutsvakurudza ake uye pamwe chete mazano kubva Nyatsotarira-to-Patent inoshandura munhu mutongo.

Adzoka zvakare kuna US Patent 20070118658 kuti "User-selectable kwounyanzvi vakamuka format." Bvumidzwa uyu uploaded kuti peertopatent.org muna June 2007 apo yakanga kuverengwa Steve Pearson, akakwidziridzwa Software injiniya nokuda IBM izvozvo. Pearson aiziva nzvimbo iyi kutsvakurudza uye akazivisa chimedu risati iwe: bhuku kubva Intel vanoda "Active Management Technology: Quick Reference Guide" kuti yakabudiswa makore maviri adarika. Vakanga vakabata gwaro iri, uyewo mamwe risati makanaka uye kukurukurirana kubva Nyatsotarira hwepaimba Patent munharaunda, mumwe bvumidzwa muongorori vakatanga kwazvo muchidimbu zvakaitika, uye pakupedzisira akakanda kunze bvumidzwa chikumbiro, muchidimbu nokuda Intel Chinyorwa kuti yaiva pedyo Pearson (Noveck 2009) . 66 nyaya kuti vapedza Nyatsotarira repaimba Patent, kusvika 30% vakanga varamba zvikurukuru yakavakirwa risati iwe kuwanikwa kuburikidza Nyatsotarira-to-Patent (Bestor and Hamp 2010) .

Chii chinoita magadzirirwo Kuda Kufanana-to-Patent kunyanya kwezvokufuka ndiyo nzira kwayo rikawana kuti vanhu vakawanda dzisingawirirani zvido kuzotamba zvose pamwe chete. Vavambi vane chinokurudzira kuita ichi pachena bvumidzwa yokudzokorora nokuti bvumidzwa hofisi akaongorora Nyatsotarira-kuti-Patent zvikumbiro nokukurumidza kupfuura patents dzichidzidzisa chinyakare, muchivande muchidimbu rikurumidze. Reviewers vane chinokurudzira kuita kuitira kudzivisa achiita kuti "zvinhu zvisingavaki muviri patents," uye vakawanda vaiita kuwana muitiro kunakidze. Pakupedzisira, bvumidzwa hofisi uye bvumidzwa bvunzo vane chinokurudzira kuti kubatanidzwa nokuti kunogona chete kuti migumisiro avo nani. Ndiko, kana munharaunda muchidimbu muitiro anowana 10 zvakaipa zvidimbu risati unyanzvi, basa iri rinogona kungosiyiwa kubudikidza bvumidzwa muongorori. Nemamwe mashoko, Nyatsotarira-to-Patent uye bvumidzwa muongorori vachishanda pamwe chete anofanira kuva vakanaka kana nani kupfuura bvumidzwa muongorori kushanda zindoga. Saka, akazaruka zvinoda havawanzogari kutsiva nyanzvi; vanombosangana kubatsira nyanzvi vanoita basa ravo zviri nani.

Kunyange zvazvo Kuda-to-Patent zvingaita sokuti zvakasiyana kupfuura Netflix Prize uye Foldit, ine zvakafanana chivako pakuti mhinduro dziri nyore kuona pane chamutsa. Kamwe munhu anobereka Chinyorwa "Active Management Technology: Quick Reference Guide" zviri nyore-nokuti bvumidzwa muongorori, kanenge-kuti uve nechokwadi kuti gwaro iri risati unyanzvi. Zvisinei, kuwana kuti Chinyorwa iwayo akaoma. Kuda-to-Patent inoratidzawo kuti rakazaruka kudanwa zvirongwa zvinobvira kunyange mabasa asingadikanwi pachena amenable kuti quantification.