5.3.2 Foldit
Foldit rakanaka rakazaruka kudanwa nokuti runoita vasiri nyanzvi kuti kubatanidzwa nenzira mafaro.
The Netflix Prize, apo evocative uye yakajeka, haasi kuenzanisira zvizere siyana rakavhurika kudanwa muzvirongwa. Somuenzaniso, muna Netflix Prize vakawanda dzakakomba vechikamu makore kudzidziswa nhamba uye muchina kudzidza. Asi, pachena kudanwa zvirongwa zvinogona kusanganisira vatori vasina kurovedzwa, sezvo akanga nezvakataurwa Foldit, imwe puroteni Kumbofungatira mutambo.
Protein Kumbofungatira ndiwo muitiro kuburikidza iyo kwezviitiko amino acids zvinotora pamusoro chimiro chayo. With kunzwisisa iyi ari nani, nyanzvi dzezvinhu zvipenyu aigona kugadzira mapuroteni zvimwe maumbirwo angashandiswa sezvo mushonga. Kurerutsa vakasvimha, mapuroteni vanowanzotevedzera kutamira yavo yakadzikira simba configuration, mumwe configuration kuti haaiti ari anosandudzirwa siyana uye racho rose ringakweva mukati puroteni (Figure 5.7). Saka, kana mumwe mutsvakurudzi achida kufanotaura chimiro iyo ive puroteni kuchaita peta, mushonga inonzwika nyore: ingoedza zvose zvinobvira configurations, overenga yavo nesimba, uye kufanotaura kuti puroteni achaita peta mugomba rakadzika simba configuration. Zvinosuruvarisa, simba iri ndakafanana kusvika rinosanganisira kuedza zvose zvinobvira configurations zviri computationally hazvibviri nokuti pane mabhiriyoni uye mabhiriyoni zvinogona configurations. Kunyange simba kupfuura makombiyuta iripo nhasi-uye mune simba ramangwana-ndakafanana ari foreseeable anongotaurwa asiri kuenda kubasa. Saka, zvinhu zvipenyu zvave akangwara algorithms zvakawanda zvakanaka kutsvaka rakadzika simba configuration. Asi, pasinei muhombe rakawanda zvesayenzi uye computational nesimba, algorithms izvi vachiri kure wakakwana.
Figure 5.7: Protein Kumbofungatira. Image akasikwa ndokuiswa mumba Bhaibheri ne "DrKjaergaard". Source: Wikimedia Commons .
David Baker nokutsvakurudza ake boka paUniversity Washington vaiva chikamu nenzanga masayendisiti kushanda kutanga nani computational nzira kuti mapuroteni Kumbofungatira. Kuti chamber zvaiitika apo algorithms avo cranking kure, Baker uye boka rake vaizova neapo tarisai chidzitiro Izvozvo mufanidziro mberi algorithms avo. Pandaiona visualizations izvi, Baker akatanga kushamisika kana zvingaita kuti vanhu vabatsire pakuitika, uye nokudaro Foldit, munhu rokusika uye yakanaka rakavhurika kudanwa akatanga (Hand 2010) .
Foldit anoshandura muitiro mapuroteni Kumbofungatira kupinda mutambo inogona reDare munhu. Kubva nemaonero mutambi, Foldit anozviratidza kuva dambanemazwi (Figure 5.8). Vatambi dzinoturwa aine-dimensional zvitatu tangle mapuroteni mamiriro uye anogona kuita operations- "tweak", "shanyarika", "nokuvakazve" -ndiko kuchinja chimiro chayo. Nokuita mabasa aya vatambi kushandura chimiro puroteni, izvo zvaizoitawo kunowedzera kana zvinoderedza zvibozwa yavo. Achitsoropodza, iyo zvibodzwa rinowanikwa inobva simba-pamwero magetsi configuration; repasi simba configurations pave dzakakwirira hwakawanda. Nemamwe mashoko, zvibodzwa inobatsira kutungamirira vatambi sezvo ivo vakatsvaka kuderedzwa simba configurations. mutambo uyu ndiwo chete zvinobvira nokuti-sezvakangoita vachifanotaura firimu ratings vari Netflix Prize-mapuroteni Kumbofungatira inewo mamiriro ezvinhu apo zviri nyore kuti tione mhinduro pane chamutsa navo.
Figure 5.8: Game chidzitiro Foldit.
Foldit kwakaita kwezvokufuka magadzirirwo rinoita vatambi vane shoma yokuchikoro ruzivo nemakemikari omuviri kukwikwidzana zvakanakisisa algorithms yakagadzirwa nenyanzvi. Nepo vatambi vakawanda havasi kunyanya kunaka panguva basa, pane zvishomanana vatambi uye zvikwata zvidiki vatambi vari nezvaiita. Kutaura zvazviri, mune musoro-kuti-musoro makwikwi kufanotaura maumbirwo 10 zvakananga mapuroteni, Foldit vatambi vaigona kurova mamiriro-of-the-nounyanzvi mapuroteni Kumbofungatira algorithms kashanu (Cooper et al. 2010) .
Foldit uye Netflix mubayiro zvakasiyana munzira dzakawanda, asi ivo vari vaviri inosanganisira akazaruka kunoda zvingaitwa zviri nyore kuona pane chamutsa. Zvino, tichaona zvakafanana chivako mune imwezve akasiyana chaizvo marongero: bvumidzwa mutemo. Uyu muenzaniso kwokupedzisira ane dambudziko rakashama kudanwa rinoratidza kuti vanogona kushandiswa muzviruva kuti havasi pachena amenable kuti quantification.
