5.2.2 Crowd-Coding enyika manifestos
Coding enyika manifestos, chinhu yemanyorero kuitwa nenyanzvi, zvinogona kuitwa computation evanhu chirongwa zvichiguma impact mukuru uye kunzwisisa.
Akafanana Galaxy Zoo, pane mamiriro ezvinhu akawanda uko vatsvakurudzi munzanga vanoda code, patsanura, kana tarambana chifananidzo kana chimedu rwezuva. Muenzaniso kutsvakurudza urwu ndiyo Coding enyika manifestos. Panguva sarudzo, mapato ezvematongerwo enyika kubereka manifestos achirondedzera kwavo mutemo nzvimbo uye inotungamirira uzivi. Somuenzaniso, pano chimedu pakati Manifesto of Labor Party muna Great Britain kubva 2010:
"Mamiriyoni evanhu kushanda kwedu paruzhinji mabasa embody zvakanakisisa tsika Britain, kubatsira simba vanhu kuti kunyatsoshandisa hwavo apo ichivadzivirira kubva pangozi havafaniri kuva nemhosva yavo pachavo. Sezvo tichifanira kuva bolder nezvebasa hurumende mukuita Misika kushanda zvakanaka, tinofanira kuva vakashinga vanochinja nehurumende. "
manifestos izvi zvine mashoko anokosha nokuda masayendisiti enyika, zvikuru avo kudzidza sarudzo uye simba mugwaro nharo. Kuti zvakanyatsorongwa kusvina mashoko kubva manifestos izvi, vaongorori akasika The Manifesto Project , izvo akaronga masayendisiti enyika kuti Code 4,000 manifestos kubva anenge 1,000 mapato munyika 50. chirevo chimwe nechimwe neimwe Manifesto kwave coded nevanhu nyanzvi vachishandisa 56-muchikwata zano. Mugumisiro ichi pakubatsirana kuedza ndiyo hombe dataset nokupfupikisa mashoko midzi manifestos izvi, uye dataset ichi rave rinoshandiswa kanopfuura 200 mapepa yesayenzi.
Kenneth Benoît uye nevamwe (2015) vakasarudza kutora Manifesto Coding basa kare kuti akanga anoitwa nyanzvi uye kuzvitengesa munhu computation kwevanhu chirongwa. Somugumisiro, havana akasika munhu Coding kwacho kuti zvikuru reproducible uye zvikuru kusanduka, tisingatauri isingadhuri uye dzichimhanya.
Kushanda 18 manifestos rwakakonzera panguva nhanhatu ichangopfuura sarudzo muna UK, Benoît uye nevamwe vakashandisa paradzanisa-anoshandisa-vanobatanidza nzira chete vashandi kubva Micro-basa basa musika (Amazon Mechanical Zimbabwe Turk uye CrowdFlower mienzaniso Micro-basa mumisika basa; mamwe pamusoro micro-basa misika basa, ona Chitsauko 4). Vaongorori vakatora mumwe Manifesto, uritsemure kupinda mitsetse. Zvadaro, munhu Rating rakashandisirwa mutongo neimwe. Kunyanya, kana mutongo zvaisanganisira mutemo mashoko, zvakanzi coded pamwe miganhu maviri Economic (kubva chaizvo kuruboshwe chaipo kurudyi) uye magariro (kubva worupo vaitevedza) (Figure 5.5). mutongo nomumwe akanga coded munenge 5 vanhu vakasiyana. Pakupedzisira, ratings aya aibatanidza vachishandisa uwandu womuenzaniso kuti chakaita kuti vaviri nomumwe rater migumisiro kuoma mutongo migumisiro. In zvose, Benoît uye nevamwe yaunganidzwa 200,000 ratings kubva munenge 1,500 vashandi.
Figure 5.5: Coding zano kubva Benoit et al. (2015) (Fig 1).
Kuti aone unhu kwechaunga Coding, Benoît uye nevamwe vaivawo vanenge 10 nyanzvi-mapurofesa uye akapedza kudzidza muna Political Science-mwero chete manifestos vachishandisa nemaitirwo. Kunyange zvazvo ratings kubva nhengo vazhinji vakanga shanduka kupfuura ratings kubva nyanzvi, vanhu nekubvumirana boka Rating aiva kunoshamisa sungano tabvumirana nyanzvi (kureva Figure 5.6). Kuenzanisa uku zvinoratidza kuti, sezvo pamwe Galaxy Zoo, munhu computation zvirongwa zvinogona yepamusoro zvabuda.
Figure 5.6: Expert inofungidzirwa (x-akabatana) uye vazhinji vanofungidzira (Y-akabatana) vaiva chibvumirano kunoshamisa apo Coding 18 vebato manifestos kubva Great Britain (Benoit et al. 2015) . The manifestos coded vaibva ezvematongwerwe enyika nhatu (weConservative, Labour, Liberal Democrats) nesarudzo nhanhatu (1987, 1992, 1997, 2001, 2005, 2010).
Kuvaka iyi mugumisiro, Benoît uye nevamwe vakashandisa vavo vazhinji-Coding hurongwa kutsvakurudza kuti zvakanga zvisingaiti pamwe Manifesto Project. Somuenzaniso, Manifesto Project haana romutemo iri manifestos pamusoro nyaya immigration nokuti akanga asiri salient nyaya apo Coding zano rakanga ava nemakore 1980s. Uye, panguva iyi, ndiwo logistically infeasible kuti Manifesto Project kudzokera uye kuzodzosera remitemo manifestos zvavo andobata mashoko aya. Saka, zvinoita sokuti vaongorori kudzidza enyika munyika dziri kunze nemhanza. Zvisinei, Benoît uye vatinoshanda navo vakakwanisa kushandisa kwavo evanhu computation hurongwa kuita Coding-customized iyi mubvunzo-nokukurumidza uye nyore kutsvakurudza.
Kuti kudzidza immigration mutemo, ivo coded ari manifestos mumapati masere ari 2010 musarudzo muGreat Britain. chirevo chimwe nechimwe neimwe Manifesto akanga coded zvingave chokuita immigration, uye kana zvakadaro, kana aifarira immigration, divi, kana Anti immigration. Mumaawa 5 nezvekutanga basa ravo, migumisiro vaiva. Vakanga yaunganidzwa vanopfuura 22,000 mhinduro pane zvachose achikanganisa $ 360. Uyezve, kufungidzira kubva muchaunga akaratidza kunoshamisa chibvumirano ane kwokutanga ongororo yakaitwa nenyanzvi. Zvadaro, sokuedzwa wokupedzisira, mwedzi miviri gare gare, vaongorori kuburitswa avo vazhinji-Coding. Mumaawa mashomanana, vakanga asika mutsva dataset revanhu-coded kuti akanyatsotevera vachiwirirana yepakutanga revanhu-coded date yakatarwa yavo. Nemamwe mashoko, computation kwevanhu kwakavabatsira kuti vaunze Coding enyika magwaro vakabvumirana nyanzvi Mutengo uye akanga reproducible. Uyezve, nokuti munhu computation aikurumidza uye chisingakoshi, zvakanga zviri nyore kuti gadzirisa ravo date muunganidzwa avo chaiwo tsvakurudzo mubvunzo pamusoro immigration.
