5.1 Introduction
Wikipedia zvinoshamisa. A vakawanda kutsigirana revazvipiri akasika tarenda enisaikoropidhiya kunowanikwa wose. Abudirire Wikipedia akanga asina ruzivo rutsva; asi, raiva idzva chimiro kubatirapamwe. The digitaalinen zera, sezvinei, runoita dzakawanda itsva siyana kubatirapamwe. Saka, tinofanira zvino kubvunza: chii hombe yesayenzi matambudziko-zvinetso zvataisagona kugadzirisa somunhu oga-tinogona zvino anokurukura pamwe chete?
Kutsigirana pakutsvakurudza chinhu chitsva Chokwadi. Zvisinei, chii itsva, ndiko kuti digitaalinen zera kunoita kutsigirana ane yakakura uye zvikuru siyana akagadzirwa vanhu: Pamabhiriyoni evanhu nyika Internet kuwana. Ini kutarisira kuti izvi zvitsva collaborations vakawanda ichabereka zvinoshamisa zvawanikwa kwete chete nokuda nhamba yevanhu zvinobatanidzwa asiwo nokuda unyanzvi hwavo akasiyana uye maonero. Tingava sei nokupinza wose ane Indaneti kupinda kwedu tsvakurudzo muitiro? Chii chamugaita pamwe 100 tsvakurudzo vabatsiri? Zvakadini 100,000 unyanzvi pevatsigiri?
Kune marudzi akawanda vakawanda pamwe, uye masayendisiti kombiyuta yemanyorero kuronga muvira guru nhamba Categories kwakavakirwa zvavo michina Unhu (Quinn and Bederson 2011) . Zvisinei, muchitsauko chino, ndiri kuenda mumapoka vakawanda kutsigirana zvirongwa kwakavakirwa sei vanogona kushandiswa mumagariro tsvakurudzo. Ndainyanya kufunga zvinobatsira kusiyanisa mhando nhatu mabasa: computation kwevanhu, pachena kudanwa, uye vakagovera date muunganidzwa (Figure 5.1).
Ndichaenda kutsanangura chimwe nechimwe pakubhadhara izvi achidonongodza zvose gare gare muchitsauko, asi nokuda ikozvino regai ndirondedzere mumwe nomumwe zvishoma. Human computation zvirongwa Zvakanakisa wakanyatsokodzera nokuda nyore-basa-guru-dzinotambudza matambudziko akadai ndezve miriyoni zvifananidzo. Ava chirongwa kuti kare angave anoitwa Rokutenderwa tsvakurudzo vabatsiri. Mipiro haadi unyanzvi basa-chokuita, uye yokupedzisira goho kazhinji paavhareji zvose mipiro. A klassiske muenzaniso computation kwevanhu chirongwa ndiye Galaxy Zoo, apo zviuru zana Vazvipiri ane akabatsira vanodzidza nezvenyeredzi patsanura miriyoni enyeredzi. Open kudanwa zvirongwa Zvakanakisa wakanyatsokodzera matambudziko apo uchitsvaga yokufungidzira uye zvisingatarisirwi nemhinduro afunga mibvunzo zvakajeka. Ava chirongwa kuti kare kunge zvaisanganisira achibvunza navo. Mipiro vanobva vanhu vane basa-chokuita anokosha unyanzvi, uye yokupedzisira goho kazhinji akanakisisa zvose mipiro. A klassiske muenzaniso kudanwa rakavhurika ndiye Netflix Prize, apo zviuru masayendisiti uye hackers vakashanda kutanga algorithms itsva kufanotaura vatengi 'ratings pamusoro mafirimu. Pakupedzisira, akagovera date muunganidzwa zvirongwa Zvakanakisa wakanyatsokodzera nokuda huru dzinotambudza date muunganidzwa. Ava chirongwa kuti kare angave anoitwa Rokutenderwa tsvakurudzo vabatsiri kana pakutsvakurudza ongororo makambani. Mipiro yemanyorero vanobva vanhu vane kuwana nzvimbo Vatsvakurudzi musaita, uye yokupedzisira chigadzirwa uri nyore muunganidzwa mipiro. A klassiske muenzaniso vakagovera date muunganidzwa ndiye eBird, umo mazana ezviuru vakazvipira kubatsira mishumo shiri kuona.
Figure 5.1: Misa kubatsirana schematic. chitsauko chino yakarongwa kumativi huru nhatu siyana vakawanda pamwe: computation kwevanhu, pachena kudanwa, uye vakagovera date muunganidzwa. More kazhinji, vakawanda kutsigirana anosanganisa pfungwa kubva kuminda zvakadai mugari sainzi, crowdsourcing, uye mupurazi njere.
Misa kutsigirana ane refu, mupfumi nhoroondo muminda akadai nezvenyeredzi (Marshall, Lintott, and Fletcher 2015) uye ikoroji (Dickinson, Zuckerberg, and Bonter 2010) , asi hazvisi zvakajairika asi munzanga tsvakurudzo. Zvisinei, nokurondedzera kubudirira zvirongwa nezvimwe minda uye kupa kiyi pakuronga pfungwa shoma, ndinovimba kuti imi nechokwadi zvinhu zviviri. Chokutanga, vakawanda kutsigirana inogona mumagariro tsvakurudzo. Uye, wechipiri, vatsvakurudzi vanoshandisa vakawanda kutsigirana achakwanisa kugadzirisa matambudziko ndambodzidza hazvaigona. Kunyange zvazvo vakawanda kutsigirana kazhinji kusimudzirwa senzira kuchengetedza mari, zviri zvikuru kupfuura. Sezvo ndicharatidza, vakawanda kutsigirana haangopi unotipa kutsvakurudza isingadhuri, zvinoita anotibvumira kutsvakurudza nani.
Muchitsauko pazasi, nokuti mumwe nomumwe wevatatu chikuru siyana vakawanda pamwe, ndichaita anorondedzera muenzaniso prototypical; Kuenzanisira kukosha dzimwe pfungwa mimwe mienzaniso; uye pakupedzisira tsanangura sei chimiro ichi vakawanda pamwe kungashandiswa nokuda mumagariro tsvakurudzo. Chitsauko ichaguma mazano mashanu anogona kukubatsira kugadzira vakawanda kutsigirana pachako basa rako.
