6.4.2 Beneficence

Beneficence iri pamusoro kunzwisisa uye kuvandudza ngozi / kubatsira Profile kudzidza kwako, uye zvino kusarudza kana chichiruma pakati nepakati.

The Belmont Report anoti nheyo Beneficence ndiye musengwa kuti vaongorori aifanira vechikamu, uye kuti inobatanidzawo zvikamu zviviri: (1) usazvikuvadza uye (2) maximize kubatsira uye kuderedza zvinobvira pokukuvadza. The Belmont Report rinorondedzera pfungwa "Musakuvadza" kuna Hippocratic tsika mune mitemo yokurapa, uye kunogona kutaurwa yakasimba chimiro apo vatsvakurudzi "haafaniri kukuvadza mumwe munhu pasinei zvakanakira kuti auye nevamwe" (Belmont Report 1979) . Zvisinei, Belmont Report inobvuma kuti kudzidza zvinhu zvinobatsira kungasanganisira achifumura vamwe vanhu panjodzi. Naizvozvo, zvinokosha kuita akasakuvara kunogona aipikisana kuve kudzidza, zvichiita vatsvakurudzi kuita sarudzo nguva zvakaoma pamusoro "kana zviri justifiable kutsvaka zvimwe zvikomborero pasinei ngozi dzingavapo, uye kana zvikomborero zvinofanira foregone nekuda ngozi. " (Belmont Report 1979)

In tsika, nheyo Beneficence yakapirikirwa kureva kuti vaongorori vanofanira namaoko akaparadzana mbiri dzinotsanagura: mukana / zvinobatsira kuongorora uye ipapo chisarudzo pamusoro kana njodzi uye kubatsira nokurova rakakodzera zvetsika pachiyero. Izvi wokutanga zvikurukuru waishandiswa nyaya inoda, zvinhu unyanzvi, uye wechipiri zvikurukuru ane nyaya yetsika nemagariro apo, zvinhu unyanzvi kungava zvishoma zvinokosha kana kunyange nezvakwakaipira.

A ngozi / zvinobatsira kuongorora kunosanganisira kunzwisisa uye kuvandudza nengozi uye zvakanakira kudzidza. Kuongororwa ngozi inofanira kusanganisira zvinhu zviviri: mukana kumuvengi zviitiko uye kwokuomerwa zviitiko. Panguva ino, Somuenzaniso, mumwe mutsvakurudzi aigona kugadzirisa kuridzidza magadzirirwo yokuderedza ndingangokuvara chiitiko wakakomba (semuenzaniso, dzokuongorora panze vechikamu vari pangozi) kana kuderedza kwokuomerwa chiitiko zvakaomarara kana kunoitika (semuenzaniso, kuti zano rinowanika vechikamu avo vanokumbira naro). Uyezve, panguva iyi muitiro vatsvakurudzi vanofanira kuyeuka matambudziko basa ravo kwete pamusoro vechikamu asiwo vasiri vechikamu uye magariro evanhu. Somuenzaniso, funga kuedza kubudikidza Restivo uye Van De Rijt (2012) pazuva mugumisiro mibayiro musi Wikipedia vapepeti (muChitsauko 4). In kuedza ichi, vaongorori akapa mibayiro kune vamwe vapepeti kuti vaiona akakodzera uye ipapo yakawana mipiro yavo kuna Wikipedia kufananidzwa kudzora boka zvakafanana vakakodzera vapepeti vakanzi vaongorori havana kupa mubayiro. In ino chaiyo kudzidza, vakapa nhamba mibayiro yakanga duku, asi kana vaongorori vakanga dzinozara Wikipedia pamwe mibayiro naro angadai vhiringwa nenzanga yevanhu vapepeti tisingazvikuvadzi chero wavo nomumwe. Nemamwe mashoko, kana kuita ngozi / zvinobatsira kuongorora unofanira kufunga ekushandiswa basa rako kwete musi vechikamu asi nyika zvikuru broadly.

Zvadaro, kamwe njodzi zvave kushoma kubatsira maximized, vatsvakurudzi vanofanira kuongorora kana chidzidzo runorova zvakanaka pakati nepakati. Ethicists regai kutokurudzira nyore summation pamusoro mari uye zvakanakira. Kunyanya, dzimwe njodzi anoshandura kutsvakurudza impermissible zvisinei zvazvakanakira (semuenzaniso, iye Tuskegee njovhera Study inorondedzerwa Historical Okuwedzera). Kusiyana nengozi / zvinobatsira pachisara inotorerwa zvekushandisa, danho iri wechipiri zvikuru yetsika uye kuti chaizvoizvo kuva yemwoyo nevanhu vasina zvakananga nyaya-nharaunda unyanzvi. Kutaura zvazviri, nokuti kunze kazhinji cherechedzai zvinhu zvakasiyana Insiders, IRBs muna US vanotarisirwa kuti kamwe chete vasiri mutsvakurudzi. In wangu ruzivo kushumira iri IRB, kunze izvi zvinogona kubatsira yokudzivisa boka-kufunga. Saka kana uri kuva dambudziko kusarudza kwako tsvakurudzo chirongwa anorova rakakodzera njodzi / zvinobatsira kuongorora usangoti kubvunza kwako nevamwe, edza kubvunza vamwe vasiri vatsvakurudzi; mhinduro yavo vangatokushamisa.

Kushandisa nheyo Beneficence kuti mienzaniso mitatu inoratidza chokwadi chokuti pane kazhinji nouchapupu kusaziva ngozi pamberi kudzidza kunotanga. Somuenzaniso, vaongorori havana kuziva mukana kana kwakakura mudzivisi zviitiko raigona kukonzerwa zvidzidzo zvavo. Kusava nechokwadi Iri chaizvoizvo zvikuru mune digitaalinen zera tsvakurudzo, uye gare gare muchitsauko chino, Ndichaenda chose rose chikamu kuti dambudziko wokuzvisarudzira mukutarisana chokwadi (Section 6.6.4). Zvisinei, nheyo Beneficence anoita anoratidza zvimwe kuchinja kuti aratidzwe kuti zvidzidzo izvi kuvandudza ngozi / vabatsirwe yavo pakati nepakati. Somuenzaniso, muna Emotional Contagion, vaongorori aigona vakaedza dzokuongorora panze vanhu pasi pemakore 18 okuberekwa uye vanhu kungava kunyanya zvichida kuti sei zvakaipa kuti kurapwa. Vangadai vakaedzawo kurerutsa vatori vechikamu nokushandisa vakarongeka uwandu nzira (sezvinorondedzerwa zvakadzama muChitsauko 4). Uyezve, vangadai vakaedza kuongorora vechikamu uye kupa rubatsiro kune mumwe munhu kuti akazviratidza kuna kunge kukuvadzwa. In Ravirai, Ties, uye Time, vaongorori angadai kuisa mamwe kuchengetedzwa panzvimbo apo vakabudisa mashoko (kunyange maitirwo avo zvatenderwa Harvard kuti IRB zvingareva kuti vakanga inoenderana muitiro panguva iyoyo); Ndichaenda kupa mamwe mazano chaiwo pamusoro date kusunungurwa gare gare muchitsauko apo ini tsanangura informational ngozi (Section 6.6.2). Pakupedzisira, muna encore, vaongorori aigona vakaedza kurerutsa uwandu ngozi zvikumbiro kuti vakasikwa kuti vabudirire nokuyerwa zvinangwa chirongwa, uye vangadai kunze vechikamu kuti zvikuru panjodzi utongi hurumende. Mumwe nomumwe kuchinja izvi zvikwanisike aizotanga kutengeserana-offs kupinda magadzirirwe mabasa aya, uye chinangwa changu hachisi kureva kuti vaongorori ava vanofanira kunge vakachinja izvi. Asi, chinangwa changu ndiko kuratidza siyana kuchinja pfungwa Beneficence anogona kureva.

Pakupedzisira, kunyange zvazvo digitaalinen zera anenge kazhinji akaita yairema zvayakaipira uye kubatsira zvikuru kunzwisisa, hazvina chaizvoizvo kuti zvive nyore kuti vanotsvakurudza kuwedzera zvakanakira basa ravo. Kunyanya, midziyo yose digitaalinen zera aivabatsira akazaruka uye reproducible tsvakurudzo, zvikuru apo vatsvakurudzi kuti avo kutsvakurudza mashoko uye bumbiro kuwanika mamwe vatsvakurudzi uye kuti mapepa avo riwanikwe nevoruzhinji Kubudisa yakazaruka kuwana. changed ichi kuvhura uye reproducible tsvakurudzo, apo haungoerekani nyore, anopa imwe nzira yokuti vaongorori kuwedzera kubatsira kwavo tsvakurudzo pasina nokufumura vechikamu chero mamwe ngozi (date kugovana ndiko inoitika kuti ichakurukurwa zvakadzama chikamu informational ngozi (Section 6.6.2)).