6.5 Two zveupfumi yetsika
Nharo Most pamusoro pakutsvakurudza nezvetsika kuderedza kuti kusanzwisisana pakati consequentialism uye deontology.
Nheyo yetsika mana aya pachavo zvikuru zvinobva Abstract chemufungo zveupfumi mamwe maviri: consequentialism uye deontology. Kunzwisisa zveupfumi izvi zvinobatsira nokuti ichakubatsirai kuziva uye ipapo kufunga pamusoro ndeimwe inokosha kusawirirana pakutsvakurudza nezvetsika: kana uchigona kushandisa dzingadai unethical nzira kuti vabudirire ane chemufungo mugumo.
Consequentialism, iro rine midzi pabasa Jeremy Bentham uye John Stuart Mill, kunoratidzwa achitora nezviito dzinotungamirira nani inoti munyika (Sinnott-Armstrong 2014) . Nheyo Beneficence, rinotaura vakadengezera pangozi uye zvinobatsira, midzi consequentialist mafungiro. Ukuwo, deontology, chine midzi mubasa Immanuel Kant, chinotarisa mabasa yetsika, pasina migumisiro yazvo (Alexander and Moore 2015) . Nheyo Kuremekedza Persons, iro rinonyanya pamusoro kuzvionera evakurukuri, midzi deontological mafungiro. A nokukurumidza uye ichakasangana nezvimwewo nzira kusiyanisa zveupfumi maviri ndechokuti consequentialists kutarisa mativi uye deontologists kufunga nzira.
Kuti tione kuti zveupfumi izvi zviviri zvinogona zvakasiyana, funga omuzvarirwo. Vose zveupfumi yaigona kushandiswa kutsigira omuzvarirwo asi nezvikonzero zvakasiyana. A consequentialist nharo nokuti omuzvarirwo ndechokuti zvinobatsira kudzivirira zvakaipa vechikamu kuburikidza unorambidza tsvakurudzo usingabereki zvakarurama kudzikamisa ngozi uye yokufungidzira tibatsirwe. Nemamwe mashoko, consequentialist mafungiro vaizotsigira omuzvarirwo nokuti zvinobatsira kudzivirira zvaitika nechakaipa vechikamu. Zvisinei, mumwe deontological nharo nokuti omuzvarirwo nezveimwe mutsvakurudzi sesungano kuremekedza kuzvionera wake vechikamu. Vakapiwa Nzira idzi, yakachena consequentialist ingava nechido waive zvinodiwa kuti omuzvarirwo ari ezvinhu apo pakanga pasina ngozi, asi wakachena deontologist nesimba kwete.
Vose consequentialism uye deontology kupa kunokosha nzwisiso yetsika, asi mumwe nomumwe anogona kutorwa kuti penga kunyanyisa. Nokuti consequentialism, mumwe ava Muzviitiko aigona kunzi ndinobvisa. Fungidzira chiremba ane varwere shanu kufa nhengo kukundikana uye mumwe murwere utano ane nhengo anogona kuponesa zvose shanu. Mumamiriro zvimwe ezvinhu, chiremba consequenalist zvichabviswa kubvumirwa-uye kunyange zvaida-kuuraya murwere utano kuwana nhengo dzake. Kusimbisa zvakakwana pamusoro migumo, pasina pamusoro nzira, inoda kutadza.
Saizvozvowo, deontology kunogonawo aendeswe netsa kunyanyisa, zvakadai sokune vaigona kunzi Timebomb. Fungidzira mupurisa anenge akabatwa gandanga anoziva nzvimbo imwe ticking timebomb kuti achauraya mamiriyoni evanhu. A deontological mupurisa asingadi nhema kuti kumunyengera gandanga kupinda yokuzivisa nzvimbo bhomba. Kusimbisa zvakakwana pamusoro nzira, pasina maererano kuti migumo, uyewo inoda kutadza.
In tsika, vatsvakurudzi vakawanda magariro zvakakwana kugamuchira musanganiswa izvi zviviri zveupfumi zvetsika. Akaona kubatane nekuita uku zvikoro yetsika anobatsira kujekesa nei vakawanda nharo-izvo chemufungo vanowanzotya kuti pakati pevaya vane zvakawanda consequentialist uye vaya zvakawanda deontological-don't mberi zvikuru. nharo idzi kashoma kugadzirisa nokuti consequentialists kupa nharo pamusoro migumo, nharo kuti havasi pokunyengetedza kune deontologists vari kushushikana nzira. Saizvozvowo, deontologists vanowanzotevedzera kupa nharo pamusoro nzira, izvo zvisina pokunyengetedza kune consequentialists vari vakaomerera kumagumo. Yaitaurwa pakati consequentialists uye deontologists vakafanana zvikepe zviviri kupfuura usiku.
Imwe mhinduro nharo izvi zvaizova nokuti vanotsvakurudza magariro kukudziridza asingachinji, tsika zvikukutu, uye nyore kushandisa musanganiswa consequentialism uye deontology. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti kashoma kuti zviitike; nevazivi vave vachishanda pane matambudziko aya kwenguva yakareba. Saka, ndinofunga chete nezvaaiita ndiko kubvuma kuti tiri kushanda kubva nheyo dzisingapindirani uye zvachero mberi.
