6.6.3 Privacy
Privacy ndiyo kodzero akakodzera chokubuda mashoko.
Nzvimbo yechitatu umo vatsvakurudzi anogona kuomerwa ndiye oga. Sezvo Lowrance (2012) akazvitaura zvikuru nemashoko mashoma kuti: ". Zvakavanzika zvinofanira kuremekedzwa nokuti vanhu vanofanira kuremekedzwa" Zvisinei, Privacy, ndiye akaipa sviba pfungwa (Nissenbaum 2010, Ch. 4) , uye sezvo vakadaro, zvakaoma kushandisa kana kuedza kuita chaizvo kusarudza pamusoro tsvakurudzo.
Nzira zvakakurumbira kufunga pamusoro voga ane paruzhinji / oga musiyano. Nenzira iyi mafungiro, kana ruzivo ari pachena nyore, saka inogona kushandiswa nevatsvakurudzi pasina nezvemhosva kutyora vanhu asaonekwa. Asi nzira iyi inogona kumhanya kupinda matambudziko. Somuenzaniso, muna November 2007 Costas Panagopoulos akatuma vose mumaguta matatu tsamba pamusoro yaizobudisa pakusarudza. Mumaguta-Monticello maviri, Iowa, uye Holland, Michigan-Panagopoulos akavimbisa / vakatyisidzira kubudisa mazita vanhu vakanga zvokusarudzwa mupepanhau. Mune rimwe guta-Ely, Iowa-Panagopoulos akavimbisa / paakatyisidzira kubudisa mazita vanhu vakanga vasina zvokusarudzwa mupepanhau. Dzokurapa idzi akagadzirirwa kufurira kuzvikudza uye nyadzi (Panagopoulos 2010) nokuti manzwiro aya akanga akawanikwa nechirongwa turnout muzvidzidzo kwokutanga (Gerber, Green, and Larimer 2008) . Information about ndiani vovhotera uye asingagari ari ruzhinji muUnited States; munhu anogona kuwana nayo. Saka, munhu aigona nharo kuti nokuti ichi kuvhota ruzivo atova pachena, hapana dambudziko pamwe mutsvakurudzi kubudisa nayo mupepanhau. Ukuwo, chimwe chinhu pamusoro nharo anonzwa kunaka vanhu vakawanda.
Sezvinoratidzwa nomuenzaniso uyu unoratidza, voruzhinji / pasiri musiyano iri kungopotsera (boyd and Crawford 2012; Markham and Buchanan 2012) . A nzira nani kufunga oga, mumwe kunangana kugadzirisa nyaya yakamutswa nokuda digitaalinen zera, ndiyo pfungwa chechinyorwa kuvimbika (Nissenbaum 2010) . Pane kufunga mashoko paruzhinji kana muchivande, chechinyorwa kuvimbika inotaurawo Rwako emashoko. Somuenzaniso, vanhu vakawanda vaizova unbothered kana chiremba wavo akagoverana zvinyorwa zvavo utano nomumwe chiremba asi vaizova vasingafari kana chiremba wavo vakatengesa mashoko irori kuti kambani yokutengesa. Saka, maererano Nissenbaum (2010) , "ane kodzero yekuvanzika haasi kodzero pakavanda kana kodzero kudzora asi kodzero zvakakodzera chokubuda zvemunhu."
Chinokosha pfungwa zvisiri pachena chechinyorwa kuperera akapoteredza-hama informational dzemunharaunda (Nissenbaum 2010) . Ava dzemunharaunda inodzora Rwako mashoko ari zvakananga muzviruva, uye vakatsunga ne parameters zvitatu:
- vatambi (chidzidzo, yatumira, mugashiri)
- unhu (marudzi mashoko)
- kutapukirwa misimboti (constraints pasi iyo mashoko runoyerera)
Saka, kana muri mutsvakurudzi vari kusarudza kushandisa mashoko pasina mvumo zvinobatsira kubvunza, "Izvi kushandiswa vanotyora chechinyorwa-hama informational dzemunharaunda?" Tichidzokera nyaya Panagopoulos (2010) , muchiitiko ichi, ane kunze mutsvakurudzi kubudisa ndandanda vavhoti kana vasiri vavhoti mupepanhau Kunenge kuti ndiputse informational dzemunharaunda. Kutaura zvazviri, Panagopoulos haana kutevera kuburikidza rake nechipikirwa / kutyisidzirwa nekuti machinda sarudzo omunzvimbo kurondwa tsamba kwaari uye akamugombedzera kuti yakanga isiri pfungwa yakanaka (Issenberg 2012, 307) .
Zvisinei, mune dzimwe nzvimbo, kufunga akapoteredza-hama informational dzemunharaunda kunoda zvishoma zvikuru nezvazvo. Somuenzaniso, ngationei kudzokera zvichiita kushandisa serura runhare matanda kuti chamber mufambo panguva Ebola yatanga muWest Africa muna 2014, imwe nyaya kuti ini inokurukurwa musumo chitsauko chino (Wesolowski et al. 2014) . Mudare iri, tinogona kufungidzira zvinetso zviviri zvakasiyana;
- Situation 1: kutumira wakakwana kudanwa nerogi Data [anoti]; kuti hurumende kukwana Mvumo [vatambi]; chero ramangwana kushandisa [yedzimudzangara mazano]
- Situation 2: kutumira zvishoma anonymized zvinyorwa [anoti]; kuti anoremekedzwa vatsvakurudzi kuyunivhesiti [vatambi]; kushandiswa pakupindurwa Ebola yatanga uye pasi mapazi yunivhesiti yetsika mapuranga [yedzimudzangara mazano]
Kunyange zvazvo mune zvose ezvinhu izvi vanodana Data vari nekuyerera boka, ari informational dzemunharaunda pamusoro mamiriro ezvinhu aya maviri hadzisi zvakafanana nokuti kusiyana vatambi, anoti, uye nhungamiro hutachiwana zvinobatanidzwa. Kuisa pfungwa chete imwe parameters izvi zvinogona kutungamirira vachinyanya dzokunzwisisa sarudzo. Kutaura zvazviri, Nissenbaum (2015) rinosimbisa kuti hapana izvi parameters zvitatu zvinogona kuderedzwa kuna vamwe, uyewo hapana chero mumwe wavo mumwe kutsanangura informational dzemunharaunda. Izvi-dimensional zvitatu hunhu informational dzemunharaunda rinotsanangura nei kare kuitwa-kuti nezvezvandaifanira kana hunhu kana yedzimudzangara nhungamiro-kunge sashanda panguva anokunda nevakawanda-pfungwa pfungwa voga.
Rimwe dambudziko kushandisa pfungwa akapoteredza-hama informational dzemunharaunda kutungamirira zvokuita kuti vaongorori kuti asingazvizivi mberi nguva uye chakaoma kuyera (Acquisti, Brandimarte, and Loewenstein 2015) . Uyezve, kunyange kana vamwe tsvakurudzo zvaizopesana chechinyorwa-hama informational dzemunharaunda kuti hazvingabvi zvareva kuti kutsvakurudza hazvifaniri kuitika. Kutaura zvazviri, Chapter 8 Nissenbaum (2010) ndiro zvachose pamusoro "Kukurira Mitemo Good." Pasinei nematambudziko aya, chechinyorwa-hama informational dzemunharaunda kuchiri chaizvo nzira kufunga nezvemibvunzo chokuita voga.
Pakupedzisira, zvakavanzika zviri umo Ndakaona kusanzwisisana zhinji pakati vaongorori vakanga tanga Kuremekedza Persons uye vaya tanga Beneficence. Fungidzira zvakaitika paruzhinji utano mutsvakurudzi anotarira pakavanda vanhu vachitora inonaya nokuti kunzwisisa utsanana kunokosha wokudzivisa kupararira ane itsva zvirwere zvinotapukira. Vatsvakurudzi tichifunga Beneficence dai omerera zvakanakira nzanga pakutsvakurudza ichi uye kuti kunyange nharo kuti hapana chakaipa kuti vechikamu kana nevatsvakurudzi anoita wake kushora pasina kuonekwa. Ukuwo, vatsvakurudzi tanga Kuremekedza Persons kwaizoratidza kukosha ndechokuti mutsvakurudzi haasi kuremekedza vanhu noruremekedzo uye ari chokwadi kukuvadzwa nokutyora kwavo voga. Zvinosuruvarisa, hazvisi nyore kugadzirisa dzinopesana maonero izvi (kunyange yakanaka yokupedza muchiitiko ichi kuti kungova kukumbira mvumo).
Mukugumisa, kana kufunga pamusoro zvakavanzika, zvinobatsira kutamira mhiri kunyanyova dzokunzwisisa pachena / pasiri musiyano uye kukurukura pachinzvimbo pamusoro akapoteredza-hama informational dzemunharaunda, vakaitwa anosvika zvinhu zvitatu: vatambi (pasi, yatumira, mugamuchiri), hunhu (mhando ruzivo), uye yedzimudzangara misimboti (constraints pasi iyo mashoko runoyerera) (Nissenbaum 2010) . Vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanoongorora toga tichitarisa kukuvadza kuti kungakonzerwa mitemo voga, asi vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanoona kukanganisa voga somunhu chakaipa uye pacharo. Nokuti pfungwa voga munyika dzakawanda digitaalinen gadziriro vari kuchinja nokufamba kwenguva, zvinosiyana pamunhu nomunhu, uye dzinosiyana ezvinhu kuti mamiriro ezvinhu (Acquisti, Brandimarte, and Loewenstein 2015) , toga kungangova kuti ndimo yakaoma zvisarudzo yetsika nokuti vanotsvakurudza vamwe nguva.
