4.5.1 Shandisa nzvimbo dziripo

Unogona kumhanya kuedza mukati huripo runyararo, kazhinji pasina Coding kana ushamwari.

Logistically, nzira iri nyore yekuita chidimbu chemajeri ndeyokuputira kuedza kwako pamusoro pemamiriro akange aripo. Kuedza kwakadaro kunogona kushanda pamwero wakakura uye haudi kubatanidzwa nekambani kana yakakura yekufambisa software.

Semuenzaniso, Jennifer Doleac naRuka Stein (2013) vakashandisa nzvimbo yepamusika yemusika yakafanana neCarigslist kuitira kuti vashandise chiedza chakayera rusarura. Vakaparidzira zviuru zvePods, uye kuburikidza nekugadzirisa zvakasiyana-siyana maitiro ezvitengesi, vakakwanisa kudzidza zvakagadzirwa nehutano pamatongerwo emari. Uyezve, vakashandisa chiyero chekuedza kwavo kuenzanisa apo chiitiko chacho chakanga chakakura (heterogeneity yemigumisiro yechirwere) uye kupa mamwe maonero pamusoro pekuti chiitiko chinogona kuitika sei (nzira).

Doleac uye Stein's iPod zviyeuchidzo zvakasiyana nematatu makuru. Chokutanga, vatsvakurudzi vakasiyana-siyana nemutengesi, iyo yakaratidzwa nemufananidzo wakaisa ruoko rwePod [chena, dema, chena nemutambo] (Mufananidzo 4.13). Chechipiri, dzakasiyana nemutengo wokubvunza [$ 90, $ 110, $ 130]. Chechitatu, vakasiyana nemhando yezvinyorwa zvemashoko [yakakwirira uye yakaderera (semuenzaniso, zvikanganiso zveCApitalization uye zvikanganiso zvepelin)]. Saka, vanyori vaiva 3 \(\times\) 3 \(\times\) 2 Magadzirirwo rakanga muAtlantic achiyambuka pamisika anopfuura 300, kubvira mumaguta (semuenzaniso, Kokomo, Indiana uye North Platte, Nebraska) kuti mega- maguta (semuenzaniso, New York neLos Angeles).

Mufananidzo 4.13: Maoko anoshandiswa mukuedzwa Doleac and Stein (2013) . iPods dzaitengeswa nevatengesi vane maitiro akasiyana-siyana kuti vasarudze kusarura mumusika wepamusika. Yakadzorerwa nemvumo kubva Doleac and Stein (2013) , mufananidzo 1.

Averaged mumamiriro ose ezvinhu, zvibereko zvaive nani kune vatengesi vachena kupfuura vatengesi vemavara, nevatengesi vane tattoo vane zvikamu zvenguva. Semuenzaniso, vatengesi vatsvene vakagamuchira zvipo zvakawanda uye vaiva nepamusoro yekutengesa kwekutengesa. Kunze kwezviyero izvi zvinokonzera, Doleac naStein vanofungidzira kuti hutano huripo hunoitika. Semuenzaniso, kumwe kunofanirwa kubva munyaya yekutanga ndeyokuti kusarura kwaizova kuduku mumisika apo pane kukwikwidzana pakati pevatengi. Kushandisa nhamba yezvipo mumusika iwoyo sechiyero chekukwikwidza kwevatengi, vatsvakurudzi vakawana kuti vatengesi vemavara vakanyatsowana zvakapiwa zvakanyanya mumisika nemakwikwi emakwikwi emakwikwi. Uyezve, nekuenzanisa migumisiro yezvinyorwa nepamusoro-soro uye zvinyorwa zvishoma, Doleac naStein vakawana kuti michidzo yepamusoro haina kuita kuti kusagadzikana kusangana nevatengesi vemavara nevatema. Pakupedzisira, kushandisa zviitiko zvekuti zviziviso zvakaiswa mumisika inopfuura 300, vanyori vakaona kuti vatengesi vemavara vainge vasisina kukanganisa mumaguta ane hutachiwana hwehutano uye kukasarudzwa kwekugara kwepamusoro. Hapana chimwe chezviitiko izvi chinotipa kunzwisisa kwakananga kwekuti nei vatengesi vemadire vaiva nemigumisiro yakaipa, asi, kana vakabatanidzwa nemigumisiro yezvimwe zvidzidzo, vanogona kutanga kutaurira pfungwa pamusoro pezvikonzero zvinokonzera rusarura mumhando dzakasiyana dzekutengesa kwezvemari.

Chimwe chiitiko chinoratidza kukwanisa kwevanotsvakurudza kuti vaite dhigiriyamu munharaunda maitiro aripo iko kutsvakurudzwa kwakaitwa naArnout van de Rijt uye vashandi pamwe chete navo (2014) pamakona ekubudirira. Munzvimbo dzakawanda dzehupenyu, vanhu vanoita sevakafanana vanoguma nemagumo akasiyana. Imwe inogona kutsanangurwa yeiyo muenzaniso ndeyekuti zviduku-uye zvinowanzoitika-zvingabatsiri zvinogona kuvhara uye kukura kwekufamba kwemazuva, chirongwa icho vanotsvakurudza vanodanha kubatsira kwavanoita . Kuti vaone kana zvishoma zvishoma zvakabudirira zvinopinda mukati kana kupera, van de Rijt uye vashandi (2014) vakapindira mumagadzirirwo mana akasiyana-siyana anopa kubudirira pane vatori vechikamu vakasarudzwa, uye akayera mitezo inotevera yekubudirira uku kusinganzwisisiki.

Kunyanya zvakanyanya, van de Rijt nevamwe vaaishanda navo (1) vakavimbisa mari kumishonga yakasarudzwa paKickstarter, webhusaiti yevanhu vakawanda; (2) chiitiko chakanaka chakarongororwa zvakasarudzwa zvakasarudzwa pane Epinions, webhusaiti yezvekuongorora chibereko; (3) akapa zvikwereti kune dzimwe nguva vakasarudzwa vanopa Wikipedia; uye (4) zvakasayirwa zvinyorwa zvakasarudzwa pane shanduko. Vakawana migumisiro yakafanana zvikuru kune dzose maitiro mana: munyaya imwe neimwe, vatori vechikamu avo vakangoerekana vapihwa kubudirira vakazove nokubudirira zvakapfurikidza kune vezera ravo risingazivikanwi zvachose (Mufananidzo 4.14). Icho chikonzero chokuti muenzaniso iwoyo wakaonekwa mune masangano akawanda inowedzera kubvumirana kwekunze kwemigumisiro iyi nokuti inoderedza mukana wekuti chimiro ichi chigadzirwa cheimwe hurongwa.

Mufananidzo 4.14: Yakareba kwenguva yakareba yehuwandu hwakapiwa kubudirira mune hutano hwakasiyana. Arnout van de Rijt nevamwe vashandi (2014) (1) vakavimbisa mari kumapurojekiti akasarudzwa paKickstarter, website yevanhu vakawanda; (2) chiitiko chakanaka chakarongororwa zvakasarudzwa zvakasarudzwa pane Epinions, webhusaiti yezvekuongorora chibereko; (3) akapa zvikwereti kune dzimwe nguva vakasarudzwa vanopa Wikipedia; uye (4) zvakasayirwa zvinyorwa zvakasarudzwa pane shanduko. Yakagadzirwa kubva ku Rijt et al. (2014) , chidzidzo 2.

Pamwe chete, mienzaniso miviri iyi inoratidza kuti vatsvakurudzi vanogona kuendesa majekiti ekuongorora zvidzidzo kunze kwekudiwa kwekudyidzana nemakambani kana kuvaka maitiro akaoma digital. Uyezve, tafura 4.2 inopa mienzaniso yakawanda inoratidza huwandu hwezvinogona kuitika apo vatsvakurudzi vanoshandisa zvivako zvehutano huripo kuti hupiwe kurapa uye / kana kuenzanisa migumisiro. Izvi zviongorori hazvina mari kune vatsvakurudzi uye zvinopa huwandu hwakawanda hwechokwadi. Asi vanopa vatsvakurudzi vasingakwanisi kudzora pane vatori vechikamu, kurapwa, nemigumisiro inofanira kuyerwa. Uyezve, kuti zviongorori zviitike muhurongwa humwe chete, vatsvakurudzi vanofanira kufunganya kuti migumisiro inogona kutungamirirwa ne-system-specific dynamics (semuenzaniso, nzira iyo Kickstarter inowedzera mapurojekiti kana nzira iyo kuchinja.org inokwirira zvikumbiro; kuti uwane mamwe mashoko, ona kukurukurirana pamusoro pekugadziriswa kwechigadziro muchitsauko 2). Pakupedzisira, apo vatsvakurudzi vachipindira mumashandisirwo ekushanda, mibvunzo inonyengera yemitemo inobuda pamusoro pekukuvadza kunogona kune vatori vechikamu, vasiri vatori vechikamu, uye maitiro. Tichakurukura mubvunzo uyu wezvemitemo zvakanyatsotsanangurwa muchitsauko 6, uye pane kukurukurirana kwakanakisisa kwavari muzvinyorwa zve van de Rijt et al. (2014) . Izvo zvekutengeserana zvinouya nekushanda muhurongwa huripo hazvifananidzi kune imwe purojekiti, uye nokuda kwechikonzero ichocho vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanovaka purogiramu yavo yekuedza, sezvandichazoenzanisira zvakare.