4.4.2 Heterogeneity kurapwa nemigumisiro

Maongorori anowanzoyera mavhareji emvura, asi zvinogona kunge zvisina kufanana kune vose.

Pfungwa yechipiri inokosha yekufambisa kunze kwekutsvaga tsanangudzo ndeyehutano hwehutano hwehutano . Kuedzwa Schultz et al. (2007) inoratidza zvakajeka kuti kurapa kwakadaro kunogona sei kuchinja kwakasiyana pamarudzi akasiyana-siyana evanhu (Mufananidzo 4.4). Muzviongorori zvakasiyana-siyana zvekare, zvisinei, vatsvakurudzi vakafunga nezvepakati pemishonga yekurapa nokuti paiva nenhamba shoma yevatori vechikamu uye zvishoma zvaizivikanwa pamusoro pavo. Muchiedza che digital, zvisinei, pane kazhinji pane vamwe vatori vechikamu uye vakawanda vanozivikanwa pamusoro pavo. Munharaunda iyi yakasiyana yemamiriro ezvinhu, vatsvakurudzi vanoenderera mberi vachifungidzira kungwara kwepakati pemigumisiro yevanhu vanorasikirwa nenzira dzinofungidzirwa pamusoro pehutano hwehutano hwehutano hunogona kupa mazano pamusoro pekuti kurapwa kunoshanda sei, kuti kunogona sei kuvandudzwa, uye kuti ingakonzerwa sei kune avo vanogona kubatsirwa.

Miviri miviri yehutano hwehutano hwehutano hunobuda kubva kuongororo yakawedzera paImba Energy Reports. Chokutanga, Allcott (2011) akashandisa ukuru hwekuenzanisa hukuru (600,000 dzimba) kuti iwedzere kuparadzanisa muenzaniso uye inofungidzira kuitika kweImba Energy Energy nechisarudzo chekushandiswa kwemishonga inotanga kushandiswa. Kunyange zvazvo Schultz et al. (2007) yakawana kusiyana pakati pevashandi Allcott (2011) , Allcott (2011) akawana kuti pakanga panewo kusiyana pakati peboka rinorema- uye rinoshandisa vashandi. Somuenzaniso, avo vanonyanya kushandisa vese (avo vari pamusoro pekuru) vakaderedza simba ravo kushandiswa zvakapetwa kakawanda semumwe munhu ari pakati peboka rakanyanya-user (mufananidzo 4.8). Uyezve, kuongororwa kwemaitiro ehutachiona hwehutano hwekare hwakaratidzawo kuti pakanga pasina kuitika kwemaitiro, kunyange kune vashandi vashoma (mufananidzo 4.8).

Mufananidzo 4.8: Heterogeneity yemishonga Allcott (2011) . Kupera kwekushandiswa kwesimba kwaive kwakasiyana kune vanhu vari mumatare akasiyana ekushandiswa kwekutanga. Yakagadzirirwa kubva kuna Allcott (2011) , Allcott (2011) 8.

Mune chidzidzo chakafanana, Costa and Kahn (2013) vakafungidzira kuti kubudirira kweNyika Energy Energy kunogona kusiyanisa maererano nemafungiro ezvematongerwo enyika uye kuti kurapa kunogona kuita kuti vanhu vane dzimwe pfungwa dziwedzere kushandiswa kwemagetsi. Mune mamwe mazwi, vakafungidzira kuti Home Energy Reports ingangodaro ichigadzira mamiriro ekuratidza mamwe marudzi evanhu. Kuti aongorore izvi, Kosta naKahn vakabatanidza Dynamic data ne data yakatengwa kubva kune wechitatu-party aggregator iyo yaisanganisira mashoko akadai sangano rezvematongerwo enyika rekunyora, zvipo kune masangano ezvipoteredza, nekubatanidzwa kwemhuri mumagadzirirwe emagetsi anokwanisazve. Neka dataset iyi yakabatanidzwa, Costa naKahn vakawana kuti Imba yeNyika yeMagetsi yakabudisa migumisiro yakafanana yakafanana yevatori vechikamu vane maonero akasiyana; kwakanga kusina uchapupu hwokuti chero boka ripi neripi rairatidza maitiro ehuomerang (mufananidzo 4.9).

Mufananidzo 4.9: Heterogeneity yemigumisiro yemishonga Costa and Kahn (2013) . Inofungidzirwa pamusana pemapirisi ekurapa kwemuenzaniso wose ndeye -2.1% [-1.5%, -2.7%]. Mushure mokusanganiswa kwemashoko kubva pakuedza ruzivo nezvemhuri, Costa and Kahn (2013) vakashandisa mutsara wezviongororwa zvekuenzanisa kuenzanisa kushandiswa kwekurapa kwemapoka chaiwo evanhu. Nhamba mbiri dzinofanirwa neboka rimwe nerimwe nokuti kuenzana kunofanirwa ne-covariates yavanosanganisira mumatare ekuenzanisa (ona mienzaniso 4 ne6 mumatafura 3 ne4 Costa and Kahn (2013) ). Sezvinoratidzwa nemuenzaniso uyu, mishonga yekurapa inogona kuva yakasiyana kune vanhu vakasiyana uye kuongororwa kwemigumisiro yechipatara inouya kubva kuhuwandu hwemashoko kunogona kuvimba nemashoko ezvinyorwa izvi (Grimmer, Messing, and Westwood 2014) . Yakagadzirwa kubva Costa and Kahn (2013) , matafura 3 ne4.

Sezvo mienzaniso miviri iyi inoratidzira, muzera re digital, tinokwanisa kutama kubva pakufungidzira kushandiswa kwemaitiro ekurapa kusvika kuenzanisa kushandiswa kwehutano hwekurapa nokuti tinogona kuva nevamwe vatori vechikamu uye tinoziva zvakawanda pamusoro pevaya vanotora. Kudzidza nezvehutano hwehutano hwehutano hunoita kuti kugadziriswa kwekurapa uko kunonyanya kubudirira, kupa chokwadi chinokurudzira chidzidzo chitsva, nekupa mazano pamusoro pezvinogona kuitika, musoro wandiri kuenda iye zvino.