nhanganyaya

Bhuku iri rakatanga muna 2005 muimba yepasi pa Columbia University. Panguva iyoyo, ndaive mudzidzi akapedza kudzidza, uye ndakanga ndichishanda kuedza kwekutsvaga iyo yaizopedzisira ichinyorwa. Ini ndichakuudzai zvose pamusoro pezvikamu zvezesayenzi zvekuedza muchitsauko 4, asi ikozvino ndauya kuzokuudza pamusoro pechinhu chisina muhurukuro yangu kana mune chero ipi zvayo mapepa angu. Uye chimwe chinhu chakanyatsochinja maonero andinofunga nezvekutsvakurudza. Rimwe zuva mangwanani, pandakauya muimba yangu yepamusoro, ndakaona kuti usiku humwe vanhu vanosvika zana kubva kuBrazil vakanga vabatanidzwa mukuedza kwangu. Ichi chiitiko chakareruka chakanga chakandibaya zvikuru. Panguva iyoyo, ndaiva neshamwari dzaive dzichitamba zvidzidzo zvemaitiro edzi, uye ndaiziva kuti zvakaoma sei kuti vashandire kuunganidza, kutarisira, nekubhadhara vanhu kuti vabatanidzwe mune zvidzidzo; kana vakakwanisa kutamba vanhu 10 muzuva rimwe chete, iyo yakanga iri kufambira mberi zvakanaka. Zvisinei, nekutengesa kwangu paIndaneti, vanhu 100 vakabatanidzwa ndichiri kurara . Kuita tsvakurudzo yako apo iwe uri kurara zvinogona kunge zvisinganzwisisiki zvakanaka kuti zvive zvechokwadi, asi hazvisi. Kuchinja kwekombiyuta-kunyanya kushanduka kubva panguva yekufananidza kusvika kuzera rechidimbu-kureva kuti isu tinokwanisa ikozvino kuunganidza nekuongorora nhoroondo dzevanhu mune nzira itsva. Bhuku iri nderokuita tsvakurudzo dzevanhu munzira idzi itsva.

Iri bhuku nderokuti masayendisiti ezvesuzhinji avo vanoda kuwedzera mamwe masayenzi, data veasayendisiti vanoda kuwedzera mamwe masayenzi ezvesuzhinji, uye ani nani anofarira musanganiswa wezvikamu zviviri. Zvichipa kuti ndiani uyu bhuku iri, rinofanira kuenda pasina kutaura kuti harisi kwevadzidzi nevaporofesa. Kunyange zvakadaro, ini iye zvino ndiri kushanda yunivhesiti (Princeton), ndakashandawo muhurumende (kuU.S. Census Bureau) uye mune zvigadzirwa zvemichina (paMicrosoft Research) saka ndinoziva kuti pane zvakawanda zvinonakidza kutsvakurudza zvichiitika kunze kwe vunivhesiti. Kana iwe uchifunga nezvezvauri kuita sekutsvakurudza kwevanhu, saka bhuku iri nderewe, pasinei nokuti unoshanda kupi kana kuti mararamiro akaita sei ikozvino.

Sezvo iwe ungangodaro wakacherechedza, utau hwebhuku rino hwakasiyana zvakanyanya nehwevamwe mamwe mabhuku ezvidzidzo. Icho chinangwa. Bhuku rino rakabva mune imwe sangano rekudzidzira zvidzidzo pamusoro pekugadzirisa masayenzi ezvesayenzi evanhu andakadzidzisa kuPrinceton muDhipatimendi reChishanu kubvira muna 2007, uye ndinoda kuti iwane imwe simba uye mufaro kubva pane seminari iyoyo. Kunyanya, ndinoda kuti bhuku rino rive nemitemo mitatu: Ndinoda kuti rive rinobatsira, remangwana, uye rine tariro.

Kubatsira : Chinangwa changu ndechekunyora bhuku rinokubatsira iwe. Nokudaro, ndichaenda kunyorera mushure mekuda, zvisina kurongwa, uye muenzaniso unotungamirirwa. Ndiko nokuti chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chandinoda kuratidza ndeimwe nzira yekufunga nezvekutsvakurudza kwevanhu. Uye, ruzivo rwangu runoratidza kuti nzira yakanakisisa yekuratidza nzira iyi yekufunga ndeyekusarura uye nemuenzaniso mizhinji. Uyezve, pamagumo echitsauko chimwe nechimwe, ndine chikamu chinonzi "Chii chaunofanira kuverenga chinotevera" chichakubatsira kuti uchinje kuhuwandu hwekuverenga uye hwehutano pane zvakawanda zvehurukuro zvandinotanga. Pakupedzisira, ndinovimba kuti bhuku rino richakubatsirai mose kutsvakurudza nekuongorora tsvakurudzo yevamwe.

Zvichaitika mune ramangwana : Bhuku rino richakubatsira kuita tsvakurudzo yevanhu vekushandisa uchishandisa dhidhijamiro dziripo nhasi uye izvo zvichazogadzirwa munguva yemberi. Ndakatanga kuita rudzi urwu rwekutsvaga muna 2004, uye kubvira panguva iyoyo ndakaona kuchinja kwakawanda, uye ndine chokwadi chokuti munguva yebasa rako uchaona kuchinja kukuru zvakare. Wemanomano kugara akakodzera mukutarisana kuchinja abstraction. Somuenzaniso, izvi hazvisi kuzova bhuku rinokudzidzisa kunyatsoshandisa sei Twitter API sezvazviri nhasi; panzvimbo pacho, ichakudzidzisa iwe kudzidza kubva kune makuru makuru emvura (chitsauko 2). Izvi hazvizove bhuku rinokupa mirairo-ye-nhanho yekuraira kuongororwa kweAmerican Mechanical Turk; panzvimbo iyo, ichakudzidzisa nzira yekugadzirisa uye kududzira zvidzidzo zvinovimba nedhigirizhonga yezera re digital (chitsauko 4). Kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwekusiya, ndinotarisira kuti iyi ichava bhuku risina nguva paya nyaya yakakodzera.

Zvakakosha : Mharaunda mbiri iyo bhuku iri rinoshandisa-hutano masayendisiti uye data scientists-vane mamiriro akasiyana-siyana uye zvinodiwa. Mukuwedzera kune izvozvi zvakasiyana-siyana nesayenzi, izvo zvandinotaura pamusoro pebhuku racho, ndakaona zvakare kuti idzi dzinharaunda mbiri dzine maitiro akasiyana. Dhina masayendisiti anowanzofadzwa; vanowanzoona girazi sehafu yakazara. Masuzhinji masayendisiti, kune rumwe rutivi, kazhinji anonyanya kukosha; vanowanzoona girazi sehafu isina chinhu. Mune bhuku iri, ndichaenda kutora inzwi rakanaka remusayendisiti we data. Saka, pandinopa mienzaniso, ndichaenda kukuudza zvandinofarira nezvemienzaniso iyi. Uye, kana ndichitaura matambudziko nemuenzaniso-uye ndichaita izvozvo nokuti hapana tsvakurudzo yakakwana-ndichaedza kuratidza matambudziko aya nenzira yakanaka uye ine tariro. Handisi kuzotsoropodza nekuda kwekutsoropodza-ndichange ndakatsoropodza kuitira kuti ini ndikubatsire iwe kugadzira tsvakurudzo iri nani.

Tichiri mumazuva ekutanga ekutsvakurudza kwevanhu munharaunda yemadhijitari, asi ndakaona kusanzwisisana kwakawanda kwakanyanya zvokuti zvinonzwisisika kuti ndizvigadzire pano, mumutauro wekutanga. Kubva pane dhizinesi masayendisiti, ndakaona kusanzwisiswa kwemaviri kwakakurumbira. Wekutanga arikufunga kuti mamwe dhenda anongogadzirisa matambudziko. Zvisinei, nokuda kwekutsvakurudza kwevanhu, izvo hazvina kumbova zvakaitika kwandiri. Zvechokwadi, nokuda kwekutsvakurudza kwevanhu, huwandu hwemashoko-asi hunopesana nedzimwe data-inoita kunge inobatsira zvikuru. Kusanzwisiswa kwechipiri kwandakaona kubva kune dheasayendisiti ndiko kufunga kuti hutano hwemazuva evanhu hunongova boka rehurukuro dzakanaka dzakaputirwa nepfungwa dzese. Ichokwadi, semasayendisiti evanhu-kunyanya semudzidzi wezvemagariro evanhu-ini handibvumirani nazvo. Vanhu vakashanda vave vachishanda zvakaoma kuti vanzwisise maitiro evanhu kwenguva yakareba, uye zvinoratidzika zvisina kuchenjera kusazvidza uchenjeri hwakakonzerwa kubva pabasa iri. Tarisiro yangu ndeyokuti bhuku rino richakupa humwe huchenjeri huri nyore kunzwisisa.

Kubva kune masayendisiti ezvesuzhinji, ndakaonawo kusanzwisisana kwemaviri kwakajairika. Kutanga, ndakaona vamwe vanhu vachibvisa pfungwa yose yekutsvakurudza kwevanhu vachishandisa zvishandiso zvezera rejitori nekuda kwemamwe mapepa akaipa. Kana uri kuverenga bhuku rino, zvichida wave watoverenga boka remapepa anoshandisa dhidhiyo yedhidhiro nenzira dzakarambidzwa kana dzisina kururama (kana zvose zviri zviviri). Ini ndinewo. Zvisinei, ingadai iri iko kukanganisa kwakakomba kupedzisa kubva mumienzaniso iyi iyo yose yekutsvaga kwehuwandu hwemagariro evanhu hwakaipa. Ichokwadi, iwe unogonawo kuverenga boka remapepa anoshandisa dhizino rekuongorora nenzira dzinenge dzisina kana dzakashata, asi iwe haunyore tsvakurudzo dzose uchishandisa tsvakurudzo. Ndizvo zvaunoziva kuti kune tsvakurudzo yakawanda yakaitwa nedzimwe tsvakurudzo, uye mubhuku rino ndiri kuzokuratidza kuti kunewo hutsvakurudzo hukuru hwakaitwa nezvishandiso zvezera re digital.

Chechipiri kusanzwisisana kwakajairika kwandakaona kubva kumasayendisiti evanhu ndekukanganisa zviripo nenguva yemberi. Apo patinoongorora tsvakurudzo yemagariro evanhu munguva ye digita-tsvakurudzo yandinoenda kurondedzera-zvinokosha kuti tibvunze mibvunzo miviri yakasiyana: "Iyi nzira yekutsvakurudza inoshanda sei iye zvino?" Uye "Izvi zvingave zvakanaka sei basa rokutsvakurudza mune ramangwana? "Vatsvakurudzi vanodzidziswa kupindura mubvunzo wokutanga, asi nokuda kwebhuku rino ndinofunga mubvunzo wechipiri unokosha zvikuru. Ikozvino, kunyange zvazvo kutsvakurudza kwevanhu munharaunda yemadhijitori kusati kwava nekugadzira masimba makuru, mapadigm-kuchinja mishonga yekuziva, mutengo wekuvandudzika kwechidimbu-yekare kutsvakurudza kunoshamisa zvikuru. Icho chiyero chekushanduka-chinopfuura chepamusoro pezvino-iyo inoita kuti kutsvaga kwezera remakore-diki kunakidze kwandiri.

Kunyange zvazvo ndima iyo yokupedzisira ingaita seyokupa iwe pfuma inguva pane imwe nguva isingazivikanwi mune ramangwana, chinangwa changu hachisi chokukutengesa kune rumwe rudzi rwekutsvakurudza. Ini handisi pachedu pane Twitter, Facebook, Google, Microsoft, Apple, kana imwe ikambani tech (kunyange zvazvo, kuti ndibudise pachena, ndinofanira kutaura kuti ndakashanda, kana kuti ndakagamuchira mari yekutsvakurudza kubva, Microsoft, Google, uye Facebook). Mubhuku rose, naizvozvo, chinangwa changu ndechekugara murondedzeri akatendeka, ndichikuudza nezvezvinhu zvose zvinonakidza zvingaita, apo ndichikutungamirira kure nemisungo miviri yandakaona vamwe vachipinda (uye dzimwe nguva ikawira mukati mangu) .

Inyanzvi yemasayenzi nesayenzi yesayenzi dzimwe nguva inonzi computational social science. Vamwe vanofunga kuti iyi inyanzvi, asi izvi hazvizove bhuku rezvenyanzvi mumutauro wechechi. Semuenzaniso, hapana maonero ekunyorwa kukuru. Ndakasarudza kunyora bhuku nenzira iyi nokuti ndaida kupa maonero akazara ekutsvakurudza kwevanhu mumakore ekudhindwa, kusanganisira makuru makuru ezvinyorwa, kutsvakurudza, kuedza, kubatana kukuru, uye mitemo. Zvave zvisingabviri kuvhara nyaya idzi dzose uye kupa zvinhu zvekugadzira pamusoro peumwe neumwe. Panzvimbo pezvo, zvinonyorera kune mamwe mazano ekugadzira mazano anopiwa mu "Chii chingaverenga chikamu" chinotevera pamagumo echitsauko chimwe nechimwe. Mune mamwe mazwi, bhuku iri harakagadzirwe kukudzidzisa iwe kuti ungaita sei kuverenga kupi zvako; asi, yakagadzirirwa kuchinja nzira yaunofunga pamusoro pekutsvakurudza kwevanhu.

Nzira yekushandisa bhuku iri mune imwe nzira

Sezvandambotaura kare, bhuku iri rakabuda muchikamu chekudzidza semashure ekugadzirisa masayenzi ezvemagariro evanhu zvandakanga ndichidzidzisa kubvira muna 2007 kuPrinceton. Sezvo iwe ungave uchifunga nezvekushandisa bhuku rino kudzidzisa imwe nzira, ndakafunga kuti zvingave zvakandibatsira kuti ndiitsanangure kuti yakakura sei kubva mumutambo wangu uye kuti ndinofungidzira sei kushandiswa mune dzimwe dzidzo.

Kwemakore akawanda, ndakadzidzisa nzira yangu pasina bhuku; Ndiri kungogovera kuunganidza zvinyorwa. Apo vadzidzi vaikwanisa kudzidza kubva munyaya idzi, nyaya dzacho dzoga dzakanga dzisingatungamiri kuchinje chekuchinja kwandaitarisira kuumba. Saka ndinopedza nguva yakawanda muchikoro ndichipa maonero, chirevo, uye mazano kuitira kubatsira vadzidzi kuona mufananidzo mukuru. Iri bhuku nderokuedza kwangu kunyorera pasi maonero ose, chirevo, uye mazano nenzira isina zvigadziriswa-maererano nesayenzi yezvesayenzi kana dhizinesi yesayenzi.

Mune semester-kwenguva yakareba, ndingada kukurudzira kuwirirana nebhuku iyi nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuverenga. Semuenzaniso, nzira yakadaro inogona kupedza mavhiki maviri pakuedza, uye iwe unogona kuwirirana chitsauko 4 nekuverenga pane nyaya dzakadai senhengo yehutano hwekusatirapa mukugadzirisa nekuongorora kwekuedza; nhamba uye nhaurirano dzinobudiswa neongororo yakawanda yeA / B kumakambani; kugadzirwa kwekuedza kwakajekesa zvakanyanya nzira; uye zvinobatsira, zvesayenzi, uye maitiro ane chokuita nekushandisa vatori vechikamu kubva kumakambani emabasa ekuIndaneti, zvakadai seAmazon Mechanical Turk. Inogonawo kuwirirana nekuverenga uye mabasa ane chokuita nezvirongwa. Chisarudzo chakakodzera pakati pezvizvi zviviri zvepamusoro zvinoenderana nevadzidzi vari mumutambo wako (semuenzaniso, pasi pedduate, tenzi, kana PhD), mamiriro avo ezvinhu, nezvinangwa zvavo.

Semu-semester-urefu course ingasanganisirawo masvondo ega ega zvinetso. Chitsauko chimwe nechimwe chine mabasa akasiyana-siyana akanyorwa nehuwandu hwekuoma: nyore ( ), mashizha ( ), zvakaoma ( ), uye zvakaoma kwazvo ( ). Uyewo, ndakanyora dambudziko rimwe nerimwe kuburikidza neunyanzvi hunodiwa: masvomhu ( ), coding ( ), uye kuunganidza deta ( ). Pakupedzisira, ndanyora zvishoma zvezvinhu izvo zvandinoda zvangu ( ). Ndinotarisira kuti mukati mezvikwata zvakasiyana-siyana zvemabasa, uchawana zvimwe zvakafanira vadzidzi vako.

Kuti tibatsire vanhu vari kushandisa bhuku iri mune zvidzidzo, ndakatanga kuunganidza zvidzidzo zvakadai sey syllabuses, slidezi, zvakakurudzirwa pairings kwechitsauko chimwe nechimwe, uye mhinduro kune mamwe mabasa. Iwe unogona kuwana zvinhu izvi-uye unozvipa kwavari-pa http://www.bitbybitbook.com.