2.1 Introduction

Mune mamiriro ekufananidza, kuunganidza dhesi pamusoro pekuita-unoita izvo, uye nguva--yakadhura, uye naizvozvo haisi nyore. Iye zvino, mumakore ekudhindwa, maitiro emabhiriyoni evanhu akanyorwa, akachengetwa, uye anongororwa. Semuenzaniso, nguva dzose kana iwe ukanyora pawebsite, ita foni pafoni yako, kana kubhadhara chimwe chinhu nechikwereti chako chekwereti, rekodi ye digital yehutsika hwako yakasikwa uye yakachengetedzwa nebhizimisi. Nemhaka yekuti iyi mhando yedhesi ndeyekudzidzira kwezviito zvezuva nezuva zvevanhu, zvinowanzodanwa maitiro ejeri . Mukuwedzera kunezviitiko izvi zvinoitwa nemabhizimisi, hurumende dzinewo dambudziko rakawanda kwazvo pamusoro pevanhu vose uye mabhizinesi. Pamwe chete mabhuku aya ebhizimisi nehurumende anowanzodanwa mazita makuru .

Kuwedzera kwemafashamo makuru e data kunoreva kuti takabva kune imwe nyika umo data yehutsika yakanga isingakwanisi kunyika umo ruzivo rwetsika rwakawanda. Nhanho yekutanga yekudzidza kubva kuhukuru hwemashoko ndeyekuti unoziva kuti chikamu chechidimbu chemashoko akashandiswa pakutsvakurudza kwemagariro evanhu kwemakore mazhinji: deta yekucherechedza . Zvichida, deta yekucherechedza ichinhu chipi nechipi chinokonzerwa nokucherechedza hutano hwevanhu asi pasina kupindira mune imwe nzira. Nzira isina kunaka yekufunga pamusoro payo ndeyekuti kucherechedza dambudziko ndezvose zvisingasanganisi kutaura nevanhu (semuenzaniso, kuongorora, musoro wechitsauko 3) kana kuchinja mamiriro evanhu (semuenzaniso, kuedza, musoro wechitsauko 4). Nokudaro, kuwedzera kune mabhizinesi nehurumende, zvinyorwa zvekucherechedza zvinosanganisirawo zvinhu zvakadai sezvinyorwa zvepapepanhau zvinyorwa uye zvinyorwa zvepa satellite.

Ichi chitsauko chine zvikamu zvitatu. Kutanga, muchikamu 2.2, ndinotsanangura mazita makuru ekunyatsotsvaga uye nekujekesa kusiyana kukuru pakati pavo uye nheyo iyo yave yakashandiswa pakutsvakurudza kwevanhu munguva yakapfuura. Zvadaro, muchikamu chechi3, ndinotsanangura gumi zvakafanana maitiro ezvinyorwa zvemashoko makuru. Kunzwisisa maitiro aya kunokugonesa kukurumidza kuona simba uye kusimba kwezvinhu zviripo uye zvichakubatsira kuti uise hurumende itsva dzichawanikwa mune ramangwana. Pakupedzisira, muchikamu 2.4, ini ndinotsanangura mazano matatu ekutsvakurudza aungashandisa kuti udzidze kubva kune deta yekucherechedza: kuverenga zvinhu, kufungidzira zvinhu, nekufungidzira kuedza.