2.3.9

Big zvinyorwa date inogona dzakatakura zvinhu zvisingavaki muviri uye spam.

Vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanotenda kuti makuru makuru emitemo, kunyanya inowanikwa muIndaneti, inonyanya kukosha nokuti inounganidza zviri nyore. Kutaura zvazviri, vanhu vakashanda nemamwe makuru makuru emitemo vanoziva kuti vanowanzova tsvina . Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanowanzobatanidza dare risingaratidzi zviito zvekufarira kune vanotsvakurudza. Nyaya dzezvemagariro evanhu masayendisiti dzakave dzichiziva nezvenzira yekuchenesa dhivhesiti yakawanda yekuongorora sangano revanhu, asi kuchenesa makuru makuru emitambo inoita kunge yakaoma. Ndinofunga kuti chinokonzera chinetso ichi ndechekuti dzakawanda zvezvikuru zvemashoko makuru hazvina kumboshandiswa kushandiswa pakutsvakurudza, uye saka hazvina kuunganidzwa, kuchengetwa, uye kunyorwa nenzira inoita kuti deta ichenese.

Dambudziko rekutsvaga deta rekutsvaga kwema digital rinoratidzirwa neRwendo uye vashandi ' (2010) kuongorora kwekunzwa kwepfungwa kune kurwiswa kweSeptember 11, 2001, iyo yandakataura kare muchikamu chechitsauko. Vatsvakurudzi vanowanzoongorora mhinduro kune zviitiko zvinotyisa vachishandisa mashoko ekudzoka akaunganidzwa kwemwedzi kana nemakore. Asi, Dzoka uye vashandi vakawana nguva dzose-inobva mumitambo yemagetsi-iyo yakagadziriswa nguva, yakanyoreswa mharidzo kubva kune 85,000 vevanhu vekuAmerica-uye izvi zvakavabatsira kuti vaongorore manzwiro emagariro pane nguva yakaisvonaka. Vakagadzira miniti-neminiti yemanzwiro ekutenderera manheru eSeptember 11 nekunyora zvinyorwa zvepfungwa zvepager mharidzo nehuwandu hwemashoko akafanana ne (1) kusuruvara (semuenzaniso, "kuchema" uye "kuchema"), (2) kuzvidya mwoyo ( somuenzaniso, "kunetseka" uye "kutya"), uye (3) kutsamwa (semuenzaniso, "kuvenga" uye "kukanganisa"). Vakaona kuti kusuruvara uye kuzvidya mwoyo zvakashandura mukati mezuva risine simba rakasimba, asi kuti pakanga pane kuwedzera kukuru mukutsamwa zuva rose. Iyi tsvakurudzo inoratidzika kuva mutsara unoshamisa we simba re-nguva dzose-pane zvinyorwa zvekutsvaga: kana tsika dzemazuva ezvidzidzo dzave dzashandiswa, zvingadai zvisingakwanisi kuwana nguva yakadaro yekugadziriswa kwekurumidza kugadzirisa kune chiitiko chisingatarisirwi.

Gore rimwechete gare gare, zvakadaro, Cynthia Pury (2011) akatarisa pane data zvakanyatsonaka. Akaona kuti nhamba yakawanda yeaifungidzirwa kuti yakatsamwa yakaitwa nemumwe chete pager uye ivo vose vakanga vakafanana. Hezvino izvo zvinonzi ivo vakatsamwa zvakataurwa vachiti:

"Reboot NT muchina [zita] muna kabhineti [zita] panguva [nzvimbo]: dzinonetsa: [zuva uye nguva]"

Aya mazita akanyorwa akatsamwa nekuti akabatanidza shoko rokuti "CRITICAL," iro rinogona kuratidza kutsamwa asi munyaya iyi hazviiti. Kubvisa mharidzo inogadzirwa neiyo imwe chete pager pager inopedza zvachose kuwedzera kuwedzera mukutsamwa pamusoro pezuva (chimiro 2.4). Mune mamwe mazwi, chigumisiro chikuru Back, Küfner, and Egloff (2010) chaive chigadzirwa chepager rimwe. Sezvinoratidzwa nemuenzaniso uyu, kuongororwa kwakajeka kwezvinyorwa zvakaoma uye zvakashata zvinogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya.

Mufananidzo 2.4: Inofungidzirwa mamiriro ekutsamwa pamusoro pemusi waSeptember 11, 2001 zvichibva kune 85,000 vevanhu vekuAmerica (Back, Küfner, and Egloff 2010, 2011; Pury 2011) . Pakutanga, Back, Küfner, and Egloff (2010) vakarondedzera muenzaniso wekuwedzera kutsamwa zuva rese. Zvisinei, dzakawanda zvemashoko akadai ane hasha dzakagadzirwa nekombiji imwe chete yakatumira shoko rinotevera: "Dzorera NT mushandi [zita] mubhadhirinti [zita] pane [nzvimbo]: CRITICAL: [zuva uye nguva]". Nezwi iri rakabviswa, kuonekwa kwakanyanya mukutsamwa kwakanyangarika (Pury 2011; Back, Küfner, and Egloff 2011) . Yakagadzirirwa kubva Pury (2011) , chiito 1b.

Kunyange zvazvo tsvina yakawanda iyo yakasikwa isina chikonzero-yakafanana neyoyo kubva kune imwe mhere-mhere-inogona kuonekwa nemutsvakurudzo anonyatsochenjerera, panewo dzimwe sangano iri muIndaneti inokwevera kusangana nemavhiringiro ezvokuda. Izvi zvinokonzera kubudisa fake data, uye-kazhinji zvinokurudzirwa nemubatsiro-kushanda zvakaoma zvikuru kuchengeta kuparadzaniswa kwavo kuvanzwa. Semuenzaniso, zvematongerwe enyika pa Twitter zvinoratidzika kunge zvinosanganisira zvimwe zvigadziriswa zvakanyanya, zvinokonzera zvimwe zvematongerwe enyika zvakaitwa kuti zvionekwe zvakanyanya kudarika zvavari chaizvo (Ratkiewicz et al. 2011) . Zvinosuruvarisa, kubvisa ichi chinonzi spam chinangwa chinogona kunge chakaoma.

Ichokwadi kuti chii chinoonekwa sechinhu chisina kunaka chinogona kuvimba, muchikamu, pamubvunzo wekutsvakurudza. Semuenzaniso, zvakawanda zvinoshandiswa ku Wikipedia zvakasikwa nema automated bots (Geiger 2014) . Kana iwe unofarira mune zvezvisikwa zveWikipedia, zvino zvirongwa izvi zvakasikwa zvakakosha. Asi kana iwe uchida kuziva kuti vanhu vanopa sei ku Wikipedia, saka kuchinja kwebhodhi kunofanira kubviswa.

Hapana imwe nzira yekuverengera kana nzira iyo inogona kuvimbisa kuti iwe wakanatswa zvakakwana deta yako yakasviba. Pakupedzisira, ndinofunga nzira yakanakisisa yekudzivisa kunyengedzwa nedzimwe tsvina ndeyekunzwisisa zvakawandisa pamusoro pekuti deta yako yakasikwa sei.