2.3.8

Maitiro mumatongerwo makuru makuru haasi chaiwo; iyo inotungamirirwa nechinangwa chemunyanzvi chemaitiro.

Kunyange zvazvo akawanda makuru makuru ezvinyorwa asingashandisi nokuti vanhu havazivi kuti data yavo iri kunyorwa (chikamu 2.3.3), vatsvakurudzi havafanire kufunga nezvekuita maitiro aya ari muIndaneti kuti ave "anowanzoitika". rakanyanyogadzirwa kuti iite maitiro akadai sekutengesa pazvikwata kana kutumira zvigadzirwa. Nzira iyo zvinangwa zvevashandi vekugadzira zvinogona kuisa mapepa mu data inonzi " algorithmic confounding" . Kugadzikana kwechirongwa chechirongwa chemagariro hakuzivikanwi kune masayendisiti evanhu, asi inonyanya kunetseka pakati pezvinhu zvakanyatsonaka zvemasayendisiti. Uye, kusiyana nedzimwe mimwe matambudziko nemararamiro edijitori, kushandiswa kwegadziridzo kunowanzooneka zvisingaonekwi.

Muenzaniso wakareruka wekugadziriswa kwechirongwa chekugadzirisa ndechekuti pane Facebook mune nhamba isina kukodzera yevashandisi vane shamwari dzinenge makumi maviri, sezvakawanikwa naJohan Ugander nevamwe vaimboita (2011) . Masayendisiti achiongorora deta iyi asinganzwisisi kuti Facebook inoshanda sei pasina mubvunzo inoudza nyaya dzakawanda dzokuti 20 inguva ipi yemhando yemashiripiti evanhu. Nenzira yekuti, Uganda nevamwe vake vaine kunzwisisa kwakanyanya kwegadziriro yakagadzira data, uye vaiziva kuti Facebook yakakurudzira vanhu vane mashoma ekubatana pa Facebook kuti vaite shamwari dzakawanda kusvika vasvika shamwari 20. Kunyange zvazvo Uganda nevanoshanda navo vasingatauri izvi mumapepa avo, mutemo uyu wakangodaro wakagadzirwa neChristian Facebook kuitira kukurudzira vashandisi vatsva kuti vashande. Pasina kuziva pamusoro pekuvapo kwemutemo uyu, zvakadaro, zviri nyore kutora mhedziso isina kururama kubva kune data. Mune mamwe mazwi, nhamba yakashamisa yevanhu vane shamwari dzinenge makumi maviri dzinotiudza zvakawanda pamusoro peChristo pane hutsika hwevanhu.

Muchienzaniso ichi chekare, kushandiswa kwegadziridzo kwakagadzira chigumisiro cheyirky kuti nyanzvi yekutsvaga angaona nekuongorora zvakare. Kunyange zvakadaro, kune rimwe runyararo rukuru rwekushandura kwegoridhi inowanzoitika apo vagadziri vekushandura kwemaInternet vanoziva nezvemagariro evanhu uye vanobika mabhuku aya mukushanda kwehurongwa hwavo. Masayendisiti Social dana performativity ichi: apo pfungwa anochinja nyika nenzira kuti kuuya nyika kuzopindazve zvinoenderana dzidziso. Muchiitiko chekugadzirisa kushandiswa kwechirongwa chekushandura, hupenyu hunonyadzisa hwe data hwakaoma zvikuru kuona.

Mumwe muenzaniso wemuenzaniso wakagadzirwa nekushanda ndeyekutsvaga muhutano hwemagariro evanhu. Muma1970 ne1980, vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti kana uine shamwari naAlice naBob, ipapo Alice naBob vanowanzove shamwari neshamwari kunze kwekuti vakanga vari vanhu vaviri vakasarudzwa. Uyu muenzaniso wakafanana wakawanikwa munzanga (Ugander et al. 2011) pa Facebook (Ugander et al. 2011) . Nokudaro, mumwe angagumisa kuti mararamiro ehukama paIndaneti zvinongoratidzira mararamiro ehukama husina kukwana, zvichienderana nekutenderera. Zvisinei, hukuru hwekuchinja kwehupenyu mu Facebook social graph inotungamirirwa nehutano hwekugadzirisa. Ikozvino, deta scientists pa Facebook yakaziva nezvekuongorora uye kwepfungwa yekutsvakurudza pamusoro pekutsvaga kwemuviri uye yobva yaibika iyo iyo Facebook inoshanda sei. Facebook ine "Vanhu Vaunogona Kuziva" izvo zvinoratidza shamwari itsva, uye imwe nzira iyo Facebook inosarudza kuti ndiani anokurudzira iwe kutapudza. Ndiko kuti, Facebook inonyanya kuratidza kuti unova shamwari neshamwari dzevako. Ichi chiitiko saka chinokonzerwa nekuwedzera kuchinja kwehupenyu mu Facebook social graph; mune mamwe mazwi, dzidziso yekutendeuka inounza nyika kuti ienderane nehuporofita hwetsika (Zignani et al. 2014; Healy 2015) . Nokudaro, apo makuru makuru ezvinyorwa anoita seanozadzisa maitiro ehutano hwemagariro evanhu, tinofanira kunge tine chokwadi chekuti dzidziso yacho pachayo haina kubikwa mukati mokuti nzira yakashanda sei.

Panzvimbo pokufunga nezvemashoko makuru ekutsvaga sekucherechedza vanhu mumamiriro ezvinhu echisikigo, chimiro chinonyanya kukosha chiri kucherechedza vanhu mukaseti. Kasinasi inzvimbo dzakanyanyogadziriswa dzakagadzirirwa kuita kuti dzimwe tsika dziite, uye muongorori haazombotarisiri maitiro mukaseti kuti ape hwindo risina kushandiswa muitiro hwevanhu. Zvechokwadi, unogona kudzidza chimwe chinhu pamusoro pekuita kwevanhu kuburikidza nekudzidza vanhu mumakadhi, asi kana iwe usina hanya nekuti data yakagadzirwa mukaseti, unogona kutora mhedziso yakaipa.

Zvinosuruvarisa, kutarisana nekugadziriswa kwegadziriro kunonyanya kuoma nekuti zvakawanda zvezvinhu zvekuInternet zvinyorwa zvinodhaka, zvisina kunyorwa, uye zvinoramba zvichichinjwa. Somuenzaniso, sezvandichazojekesa gare gare muchitsauko chino, kushandiswa kwechirongwa chechirongwa chechirongwa chechina chaive chinhu chinogona kutsanangurwa kwekuparara kweGoogle Flu Trends zvishoma nezvishoma (chikamu 2.4.2), asi kudai kwakange kwakaoma kuongorora nokuti kushandiswa mukati mukati meGoogle tsvakurudzo yegorgorithm proprietary. Izvo simba rekushandura kwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa kune imwe nzira yekutenderera kwenzira. Kugadziriswa kwechirongwa chegoridhi kunoreva kuti tinofanira kungwarira pamusoro pemashoko ose pamusoro pekuita kwevanhu anouya kubva kune rimwe dijitori system, pasinei nokuti yakakura sei.