6.4 Four zvinotaurwa

Mazano mana anogona kutungamirira vatsvakurudzi kutarisana chemufungo kusava nechokwadi ndiwo: Kuremekedza Persons, Beneficence, Justice, uye Kuremekedza Mutemo uye Public Interest.

Maitiro ehutano ayo vatsvakurudzi vanosangana nawo munguva yechidimbu zvakasiyana zvakasiyana nezvakaitika kare. Zvisinei, vatsvakurudzi vanogona kutarisana nematambudziko aya kuburikidza nekuvaka pamafungiro ekutanga maitiro. Kunyanya, ndinotenda kuti mitemo inoratidzwa mumishumo miviri-yeBelmont Report (Belmont Report 1979) uye Menlo Report (Dittrich, Kenneally, and others 2011) -nogona kubatsira vatsvakurudzi kufunga pamusoro pezvinetso zvavanotarisana nazvo. Sezvandinorondedzera zvakajeka mubhuku rezvinyorwa zvezvakaitika zvechitsauko chino, zvose izvi zvinyorwa zvaive nemigumisiro yemakore akawanda ekugadzirisa nepaneti dzemakadzi vane mikana yakawanda yekushandisa kubva kune avo vakasiyana-siyana.

Kutanga, muna 1974, pakupindura kukanganisa kwemitemo yevatsvakurudzi-yakadai seChitubu cheTuskegee Syphilis Chidzidzo umo mazana anenge mazana mana eAmerica varume vakanga vachinyengedzwa nevatsvakurudzi uye vakaramba kuwana rubatsiro rwakachengeteka uye runoshanda kwemakore anoda kusvika makumi mana (ona zvinyorwa zvezvinyorwa) -South Congress yakasarudza hurumende yehurumende yekubudisa mitemo yemitemo yekutsvakurudza inosanganisira nyaya dzevanhu. Mushure memakore mana emusangano paBelmont Conference Centre, boka racho rakabudisa Belmont Report , runyoro ruduku asi rune simba. Bhuku reBelmont ndirwo ruzivo rweCommunity Rule , ruzivo rwemitemo inotungamirira nyaya dzevanhu kutsvakurudza kuti IRBs inofanirwa kushandiswa (Porter and Koski 2008) .

Zvadaro, mugore ra2010, pakupindura kukanganisika kwetsika kwevashandi vekushandisa makombiyuta uye kuoma kwekushandisa pfungwa dziri muBelmont Report kuongorori-yezera remakore, hurumende yeUnited States-kunyanya Dhipatimendi rekuchengetedzwa kwemusha-yakagadzira tende rebhuruu-ribhoni inobereka hutungamiri hwehutano hwekutsvakurudza hunosanganisira ruzivo uye ruzivo rwekutumira (ICT). Mugumisiro wekuedza uku kwaive iyo Menlo Report (Dittrich, Kenneally, and others 2011) .

Vose pamwe chete, Bhuku reBelmont neReaction Menlo rinopa mazano mana anogona kutungamirira maitiro ekutendeseka nevanotsvakurudza: Kuremekedza vanhu , Kubatsirwa , Kururamisira , uye Kuremekedza Mutemo uye Kufarira . Kushandisa aya mazano mana pakuita haisi nguva dzose yakananga, uye inogona kudikanwa kuenzanisa. Izvo zvinyorwa, zvisinei, zvinobatsira kujekesa kushambadzira, zvinoratidza kuvandudzwa kwekutsvakurudza mazano, uye kuita kuti vatsvakurudzi vatsanangurire kufunga kwavo kune mumwe nemumwe.