6.5 Two zveupfumi yetsika
Nharo Most pamusoro pakutsvakurudza nezvetsika kuderedza kuti kusanzwisisana pakati consequentialism uye deontology.
Izvi zvinotaurwa zvina yetsika zviri Kuremekedza Persons, Beneficence, Justice, uye Kuremekedza Mutemo uye Public Kufarira vari pachavo zvikuru zvinobva tiivistelmä yetsika zveupfumi mamwe maviri: consequentialism uye deontology. Kunzwisisa izvi zvakakosha kunobatsira nokuti kuchaita kuti iwe uone uye wobva wafunga nezveimwe yezvinonyanya kukanganisika mumitemo yekutsvakurudza: kushandisa zvingave zvisina maturo nzira yekuzadzikisa matsika.
Mazano, ayo akabva mumabasa aJeremy Bentham naJohn Stuart Mill, anonyanya kutora matanho anotungamirira kunyika dzakanaka munyika (Sinnott-Armstrong 2014) . Nheyo yeBénéficence, iyo inotarisa pakurongedza njodzi uye kubatsirwe, yakadzika midzi mukufunga kwakagadzirisa. Kune rumwe ruvoko, deontology, iyo yakabva mubasa raImanuel Kant, inotarisa pamabasa ekutsika, asina kuzvigadzirisa nemigumisiro yavo (Alexander and Moore 2015) . Pfungwa yekuremekedza vanhu, iyo inotaura nezvekuzvimiririra kwevatori vechikamu, yakadzika midzi mumagariro ekutenda. Nzira yakakurumidza uye yakashata yekusiyanisa zvirongwa zviviri ndeyekuti vana deontologists vanotarisa kune nzira uye vanonzwisisa vanoisa pfungwa pamagumo .
Kuti uone kuti izvi zvikamu zviviri zvakashanda sei, funga kubvumirwa kwakagadziriswa. Zvose zvigadziriswe zvinogona kushandiswa kutsigira chibvumirano chakanaka, asi nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana. A consequentialist argument yekubvumirwa kwakagadziriswa ndeyekuti inobatsira kudzivirira kukuvadza kune vatori vechikamu nekudzivisa tsvakurudzo isinganyatsogadzirisa ngozi uye inotarisira kubatsirwa. Mune mamwe mazwi, kufunga kwekugadzirira kunogona kutsigira kubvumirwa kwakagadziriswa nokuti kunobatsira kudzivirira matambudziko akaipa kune vatori vechikamu. Zvisinei, chirevo chebhuku rekutsvaga ruzivo rwakavimbiswa chinonyanya kukoshesa basa remuongorori kuti aremekedze kuzvidzora kwevadzidzi vake. Zvichibva kune nzira idzi, pure purquentialist inogona kunge yakagadzirira kutsvaga chidimbu chekubvumirwa kwakagadziriswa mumamiriro ezvinhu apo pakanga pasina ngozi, nepo daontologist chaiye angave asina.
Zvose zvinokonzerwa nehutano uye deontology zvinopa hutano hunokosha hwekutsika, asi imwe neimwe inogona kutorwa kuti irege kuve yakashata. Nokuda kwekugadza, imwe yezviitiko izvi zvakanyanya zvinogona kunzi Transplant . Fungidzira chiremba ane varwere vashanu vanopera nhengo yekukundikana uye mumwe murwere ane hutano uyo nhengo dzake dzinogona kuchengetedza zvose zvishanu. Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, chiremba anofanirwa kubvumirwa achabvumirwa-uye kunyange kutarisirwa-kuuraya murwere ane utano kuti awane nhengo dzake. Izvi zvinonyanya kutarisa pamagumo, pasina kutarisa nenzira, zvakakanganisa.
Saizvozvowo, deontology inogonawo kuendeswa kune zvisinganzwisisiki zvakanyanyisa, zvakadai munyaya iyo inogona kunzi Time Time bhomba . Fungidzira mumwe mupurisa akatora gandanga uyo anoziva nzvimbo yemazuva ano bhomba iyo inouraya mamiriyoni evanhu. Mumwe wemapurisa aisazoreva nhema kuitira kuti anyengedze gandanga kuzarura nzvimbo yebhobho. Izvi zvakanyatsotarisa kune nzira, pasina kutarisa kumagumo, zvakare zvinokanganisa.
Mukuita, vazhinji vatsvakurudzi vezvemagariro evanhu vanobvumirana zvachose kuwirirana kwezvirevo zviviri zvetsika. Kuziva izvi kuwirirana kwezvikoro zvakanaka kunobatsira kutsanangura kuti nei kukakavadzana kwakanaka-kunowanzove pakati pevaya vanonyanya kukodzera uye avo vanonyanya kufanana-havaiti kufambira mberi kwakanyanya. Vagadziri vemitemo vanowanzopa nharo pamusoro pemagumisiro-nharo dzisinganyatsonzwisisi kune vanodhilogist, avo vane hanya nezvenzira. Saizvozvowo, vana deontologist vanowanzopa nharo pamusoro pezvinoreva, izvo zvisinganyatsozivikanwi kuti vatsanangurire, avo vanoisa pfungwa pamagumo. Nhaurirano pakati pevadzidzisi nevanodhilogist vakaita sezvikepe zviviri zvinopfuura usiku.
Imwe sarudzo yemakakatanwa aya ndeyekuti vatsvakurudzi vevanhu vanosimbisa kusagadzikana, tsika dzakasimba, uye zviri nyore-ku-kushandiswa kusanganiswa kwekufananidzira uye deontology. Zvinosuruvarisa, izvo hazvigone kuitika; Nyanzvi dzakave dzichirwisana nematambudziko aya kwenguva yakareba. Zvisinei, vatsvakurudzi vanogona kushandisa aya maitiro maviri ehutsika-uye nemitemo mina yavanoreva-kufunga pamusoro pemitemo yezvetsika, kutsanangurira kushambadzira, uye kuratidza kuvandudzwa kwezvigadzirwa zvekutsvakurudza.
