Activities

  • dambudziko rekuoma: nyore nyore , midzi midzi , zvakaoma zvakaoma , zvakaoma zvikuru zvakanyanya kwazvo
  • inoda math ( inoda math )
  • inoda coding ( inoda coding )
  • data collection ( data collection )
  • my favorites ( zvandinoda )

  1. [ nyore ] Mukupopotedzana nekuedza kwepfungwa kuongororwa, Kleinsman and Buckley (2015) vakanyora kuti:

    "Kunyange kana ichokwadi kuti njodzi dzekutsvaga Facebook dzaive dzakaderera uye kunyange kana, pakuona, zvigumisiro zvinotongwa kuti zvinobatsira, pane nheyo inokosha iri pangozi iyo inofanira kusimbiswa. Nenzira imwecheteyo kuba kubiba pasinei nokuti zviyero zvakabatanidzwa sei, saka isu tose tine kodzero yekusaedzwa pasina ruzivo rwedu uye kubvumirana, chero zvingave zvakaita sarudzo. "

    1. Ndeupi wezvinyorwa zviviri zvehutano zvinokurukurwa muchitsauko ichi-kugovera kana kuti deontology-iri nharo inonyatsobatanidzwa here?
    2. Zvino, fungidzira kuti iwe waida kurwisana nechinzvimbo ichi. Ungapikisa sei nyaya yacho kune mutori wenhau weNew York Times ?
    3. Ko, kana zvakadaro, mhinduro yako ingave yakasiyana here kana iwe uchikurukurirana izvi pamwe neshamwari yako?

  2. [ nyore ] Maddock, Mason, and Starbird (2015) funga mubvunzo wekuti vatsvakurudzi vanofanira kushandisa tweets dzakabviswa. Verengai mapepa avo kuti vazive nezvemamiriro ezvinhu.

    1. Ongorora sarudzo iyi kubva pakuona kwemaonero.
    2. Ongorora zvakajeka chisarudzo ichocho kubva pane chinangwa chekufunga.
    3. Ndezvipi zvaunowana zvakanyanyisa panyaya iyi?

  3. [ midzi ] Mune imwe nyaya pamusoro pemitemo yezvidzidzo zvemasango, Humphreys (2015) yakarongedza kuedza kunotevera kujekesa mafungiro ematambudziko ekugadzirisa kunoitwa pasina kubvumirwa kwevose vanobatanidzwa uye izvo zvinokuvadza vamwe uye zvinobatsira vamwe.

    "Iti mumwe anotsvakurudza anotarirwa nemagariro emasangano emunharaunda anoda kuongorora kana kuisa magetsi emugwagwa mumatumba kunoderedza utsinye hwechisimba. Mune tsvakurudzo iyi nyaya dziri mhovha: kutsvaga kubvumirwa kwakagadziriswa kwevapambi vangaita kuti vasiye kukanganisa uye zvingave zvisingazove zvakadaro (kuputsa kwekuremekedza vanhu); iyo mhovha ingangobhadhara mari yekutsvakurudza pasina kubatsirwa (kuputsa kodzero); uye pachava nokusawirirana pamusoro pezvibatsiro zvekutsvakurudza-kana zvichibudirira, mhombwe dzisina kunyanya kukoshesa (kuunza dambudziko rekuongorora kusarura) ... Nyaya dzakakosha pano haisi kungotenderera zvidzidzo zvakadaro. Pano panewo zviitiko zvinowanikwa kune vasiri vateereri, kana muchimiro chezvivi zvinopomerwa mhosva vanozvitsivira pamasangano anoisa mwenje panzvimbo. Sangano rinogona kunge rakanyatsoziva nezvezviitiko izvi asi rive nekuda kuzvitakura nokuti vanokanganisa kutenda mune zvisiri izvo zvinotarisirwa zvevanotsvakurudza kubva kumayunivhesiti ehupfumi ivo pachavo vanofambiswa muchikamu kuti vazivise. "

    1. Nyora email kune sangano remugumo kupa sarudzo yako yehutano yekuedza sezvakagadzirwa? Ungavabatsira here kuti vaedze sezviri kurongwa? Ndezvipi zvinhu zvingaita kuti uite chisarudzo?
    2. Pane humwe humwe humwe hunochinja hunovandudza huongorori hwako hwehutsika hwekugadzira uku.

  4. [ nyore ] Muma1970 varume makumi matanhatu vakapindira mubasa rekuedza rakaitika mumadzimai ekugezera paunivhesiti iri kumadokero kwechikamu cheUnited States (vanotsvakurudza havazi zita yunivhesiti) (Middlemist, Knowles, and Matter 1976) . Vatsvakurudzi vaifarira kuti vanhu vanoita sei nekuputsika kwebasa ravo pachavo, iyo Sommer (1969) inotsanangurwa se "nzvimbo ine misi isingaoneki yakakomberedza muviri wemunhu umo vashandi vasingagoni kuuya." Kunyanya, vatsvakurudzi vakasarudza kudzidza Kudonha kwemunhu kwakabatwa nekuvapo kwevamwe vari pedyo. Mushure mokuita zvidzidzo zvekucherechedza, vatsvakurudzi vakaita shanduko yemunda. Vatori vechikamu vakamanikidzwa kushandisa kuruboshwe-kunyanya urineni mune matatu-urinal bathroom (vatsvakurudzi havatsananguri kuti izvi zvakaitwa sei). Zvadaro, vatori vechikamu vakagoverwa kune chimwe chezvikamu zvitatu zvemafambidzani. Kune vamwe varume, musangano wakashandiswa urinhi pedyo navo; kune vamwe varume, musangano wakashandiswa urinal imwe nzvimbo kubva kwavari; uye kune vamwe varume, hapana akabatanidzwa akapinda muimba yekugezera. Vatsvakurudzi vakaenzanisa migumisiro yemigumisiro yavo-nguva yekukurumidza uye kushivirira-nekuisa mutsva anobatsira mukati mechipuvanze chemberi pedyo nemubatiro wemubatiro. Hezvino iyo vatsvakurudzi vakatsanangura nzira yekuenzanisa:

    "Mucherechedzi akanga akamira muimba yekumbuzi pakarepo yakatarisana nenyaya dze" urinal ". Munguva yepayisheni yekuedzwa kweizvi nzira yakajekeswa kuti zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvisingagoni kushandiswa kuratidza kutanga uye kupera kwe [kuringirira] ... Pane kudaro, maziso anoonekwa akashandiswa. Mucherechedzo akashandisa periscopic prism yakabatanidzwa mumutsetse wemabhuku akanga avete pasi reimba yekumbuzi. Nzvimbo yakasvika masendimita masendimita makumi mana (28-cm) pakati pepasi uye madziro edzimba rekumbuzi yakaratidza maonero, kuburikidza ne-periscope, yomudenga wepamusoro wemushandi uye akaita kuti zvionekwe zvakananga kuonekwa kwechirwere chemuti. Mucherechedzi, zvisinei, akange asingakwanisi kuona chiso chechiso. Mucherechedzi wacho akatanga mairi maviri achimira maziso apo imwe nyaya yakakwira kusvika kumuginho, yakamira imwe apo kushambadzira kwakatanga, ndokumisa imwe iyo kushambadzira kwakaguma. "

    Vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti kuderera kwemaviri kunokonzera kukurumidza kunonoka kwekutanga uye kuderera kutsungirira (mufananidzo 6.7).

    1. Unofunga kuti vatori vechikamu vakakanganiswa nekuedza uku here?
    2. Iwe unofunga kuti vatsvakurudzi vanofanira kunge vakaita izvi here?
    3. Ndezvipi zvinoshanduka, kana zviripo, iwe unogona kukurudzira kuvandudza mararamiro akanaka?
    Mufananidzo 6.7: Zviwanikwa kubva kuMiddlemist, Knowles, uye Matter (1976). Varume vakapinda muimba yekugezera vakagoverwa kune chimwe chezvinhu zvitatu: pedo (yakagadziriswa yakaiswa mune imwe nguva yakatarisana yakananga), nzvimbo yakatarisa (imwe yakagadziriswa yakagadziridzwa rimwe chete remvura), kana kuti kutonga (hakuna mhirizhonga). Mumwe mucherechedzi akamira muimba yembudzi yakashandisa tsika-yakagadzirirwa periscope kucherechedza uye nguva yekurumidza kunonoka nekusimbirwa kwekudzora. Nhamba dzepamutemo dzakapoteredza zvikero hazviwaniki. Yakagadzirirwa kubva kuMiddlemist, Knowles, uye Matter (1976), mufananidzo 1.

    Mufananidzo 6.7: Zviwanikwa kubva Middlemist, Knowles, and Matter (1976) . Varume vakapinda muimba yekugezera vakagoverwa kune chimwe chezvinhu zvitatu: pedo (yakagadziriswa yakaiswa mune imwe nguva yakatarisana yakananga), nzvimbo yakatarisa (imwe yakagadziriswa yakagadziridzwa rimwe chete remvura), kana kuti kutonga (hakuna mhirizhonga). Mumwe mucherechedzi akamira muimba yembudzi yakashandisa tsika-yakagadzirirwa periscope kucherechedza uye nguva yekurumidza kunonoka nekusimbirwa kwekudzora. Nhamba dzepamutemo dzakapoteredza zvikero hazviwaniki. Yakagadzirirwa kubva Middlemist, Knowles, and Matter (1976) , mufananidzo 1.

  5. [ midzi , zvandinoda ] MunaAugust 2006, anenge mazuva gumi asati asarudzo yekutanga, vanhu 20 000 vanogara kuMichigan vakagamuchira tsamba yakaratidza maitiro avo ekuvhota uye maitiro evhota vavakidzani vavo (chifananidzo 6.8). (Sezvakakurukurwa muchitsauko chino, muUnited States, hurumende dzehurumende dzinochengetedza zvinyorwa zvevhoti mumusarudzo imwe neimwe uye izvi zvinowanikwa kuvanhu). Imwe tsamba yekutumira inowanzoita kuti kuve nekuvhota kwevhoti kuwedzere kune imwechete, asi iyi inowedzera kuchinja ne8,8 peresenti, maitiro makuru zvakaratidzwa kusvika ipapo (Gerber, Green, and Larimer 2008) . Mhedzisiro yacho yakanga yakakura kwazvo zvokuti mutungamiri wezvematongerwe enyika ainzi Hal Malchow akapa Donald Green $ 100,000 kuti asaparidzire chibereko chekuedza (zvichida kuti Malchow angashandisa mashoko aya pachake) (Issenberg 2012, p 304) . Asi, Alan Gerber, Donald Green, naChristopher Larimer vakaparadzira pepa muna 2008 muAmerican Political Science Review .

    Apo iwe unonyatsotarisa mailer mufananidzo 6.8 unogona kuona kuti mazita evanotsvakurudza havaoneki pairi. Pane kudaro, kero yekudzoka ndeyoKushanda Kwezvematongerwo Enyika. Mukubvuma kwepa pepa, vanyori vanotsanangura kuti: "Kuonga kwakananga kunoenda kuna Mark Grebner weKubatsira Kwezvematongerwe Enyika, uyo akagadzira uye akaitisa purogiramu yemakasti akadzidza pano."

    1. Chengeta kushandiswa kwemishonga iyi maererano nemitemo mina yemitemo inotsanangurwa muchitsauko chino.
    2. Chengetedza kurapwa maererano nemafungiro emamiriro ekutendeseka.
    3. Ndezvipi zvinoshanduka, kana zvakadaro, iwe unogona kukurudzira kuedza uku?
    4. Izvozvo zvingakanganisa mhinduro yako kumibvunzo inopfuura kana Mark Grebner akanga atotumira tsamba dzakadaro panguva ino? Kunyanya kazhinji, vanotsvakurudza vanofanira kufungei nezvekuongorora maitiro akange aripo akasika nevarapi?
    5. Fungidzira kuti iwe unosarudza kuedza kuwana ruzivo rwakavanzika kubva kuvanhu vari muchikwata chekurapa asi kwete avo vari muboka rekutungamirira. Ndezvipi zvinogona kuita sarudzo iyi pamusoro pekugona kwako kunzwisisa chinokonzera kusiyana kwekuvhota kwehutano pakati pekurapa nekutonga mapoka?
    6. Nyora chidimbu chemufambiro chinogona kuoneka nepepa iyi apo yakabudiswa.
    Mufananidzo 6.8: Muvakidzani wemumeri kubva kuGerber, Green, uye Larimer (2008). Iyi nyori inowedzera kuenderera mberi nehuwandu huwandu huwandu huwandu hunoti huwandu hunoti huwandu hunoti huwandu hunoti huwandu hunoita huwandu hunoti huwandu hune huwandu hunoti huwandu hune huwandu hunoti huwandu huno. Yakadzorerwa nemvumo kubva kuna Gerber, Green, uye Larimer (2008), appendikisi A.

    Mufananidzo 6.8: Muvakidzani wemumeri kubva Gerber, Green, and Larimer (2008) . Iyi nyori inowedzera kuenderera mberi nehuwandu huwandu huwandu huwandu hunoti huwandu hunoti huwandu hunoti huwandu hunoti huwandu hunoita huwandu hunoti huwandu hune huwandu hunoti huwandu hune huwandu hunoti huwandu huno. Yakadzorerwa nemvumo kubva kuna Gerber, Green, and Larimer (2008) , appendikisi A.

  6. [ nyore ] Izvi zvinowedzera pamubvunzo wapfuura. Kamwe apo ma-mail makumi maviri akange atumirwa (chifananidzo 6.8), pamwe chete nemakumi emakumi matanhatu emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi mashanu emamwe mavhiringiti asina kunyatsoziva, pakanga pane kuvhiringidzwa kwevatori vechikamu. Kutaura zvazviri, Issenberg (2012) (peji 198) inoshuma kuti "Grebner [mutungamiriri weKubatsira Political Consulting] haana kumbokwanisa kuverenga kuti vangani vakatora dambudziko kuchemedza foni, nokuti ofisi yake yakapindura mhepo yakazadza zvakakurumidza zvokuti itsva vaimbi havana kukwanisa kusiya mharidzo. "Kutaura zvazviri, Grebner akataura kuti kudengenyeka kwaigona kunge kwaive kwakakura kudai vakanga vawedzera kurapwa. Akati kuna Alan Gerber, mumwe wevatsvakurudzi, "Alan dai takapedza mazana mashanu emadhora emadhora uye takavhara nyika yose iwe neni tichagara naSalman Rushdie." (Issenberg 2012, 200)

    1. Mashoko aya anochinja mhinduro dzako kumubvunzo wapfuura here?
    2. Ndeapi mazano ekugadzirisa nekuita zvisarudzo mukutarisana nekusaziva iwe unogona kukurudzira kuongorora kwakadaro munguva yemberi?

  7. [ midzi , zvandinoda ] Muchiito, mhirizhonga yakawanda yemitemo inoitika pamusoro peongororo apo vatsvakurudzi vasina ruzivo rwechokwadi rwevadzidzi (semuenzaniso, zvidzidzo zvitatu zvinotsanangurwa muchitsauko chino). Zvisinei, nharo dzetsika dzinogonawo kusimuka kune zvidzidzo izvo zvine ruzivo rwechokwadi rwekubvumirana. Ita chidzidzo chekufungidzira kwaunenge uchida kubvumirana kwechokwadi kubva kune vatori vechikamu, asi izvo iwe uchiri kufunga kuti zvingava zvisina kunaka. (Hint: Kana uri kutambura, unogona kuverenga Emanuel, Wendler, and Grady (2000) .)

  8. [ midzi , zvandinoda ] Vatsvakurudzi vanowanzotamburira kurondedzera mafungire avo maitiro uye kune vanhu vose. Mushure mekunge kwawanikwa kuti Kuda, Zvisungo, uye Nguva zvakadzokidzwa zvakare, Jason Kauffman, mutungamiri weboka rekutsvakurudza, akaita zvishomanana zvinyorwa zvevanhu pamusoro pemitemo yepurojekiti. Verenga Zimmer (2010) uye wobva wanyora zvakare mazwi aKauffman achishandisa mitemo uye zvigadziriswe zvinorondedzerwa muchitsauko chino.

  9. [ midzi ] Banksy ndomumwe wevanyori vanozivikanwa zvikuru munguva yeUnited Kingdom uye anozivikanwa nokuda kwematongerwe enyika emigwagwa (chifananidzo 6.9). Chinyorwa chake chaicho, zvisinei, chakavanzika. Banksy ane webhusaiti yega yega, saka aigona kuita kuti azivikanwe nevanhu kana achida, asi akasarudza kusada. Muna 2008, pepanhau re Daily Mail rakabudisa nyaya inotaura kuti inozivikanwa nezita reBhangey. Zvadaro, muna 2016, Michelle Hauge, Mark Stevenson, D. Kim Rossmo naSteven C. Le Comber (2016) vakaedza kuongorora chirevo ichi vachishandisa Dirichlet mushandisirwo wekuenzanisa muenzaniso wekunyorwa kwenzvimbo. Kunyanya zvakanyanya, vakaunganidza nzvimbo yenzvimbo yaBabyy's graffiti munharaunda muBristol neLondon. Zvadaro, kuburikidza nekutsvaga nhau dzekare dzepapepanhau uye marekodhi evanhu vanovhota, vakawana kero dzekare dzomunhu anonzi, mudzimai wake, uye yebhola (kureva, tambo yebhola). Munyori wacho anotsanangura kupfupisa kwepepa ravo nenzira inotevera:

    "Pasina zvimwe zvakakomba 'zvinokanganisika' [sic] kuti zviongorore, zvakaoma kuita zvinyorwa zvichitaura nezveByriey kuti ndezvipi zvichienderana nekuongorora kunoitwa pano, kunze kwekuti kutaura kwepamusoro pe geoprofiles muBristol neLondon kunosanganisira mazita anozivikanwa kuti anosanganiswa uye [zita rinoparadzaniswa]. "

    Kutevera Metcalf and Crawford (2016) , avo vanoona nyaya iyi zvakanyatsotsanangurwa, ndakasarudza kusaisa zita remunhu paanenge achitaura nezvekudzidza.

    1. Chengetedza chidzidzo ichi uchishandisa mazano uye maitiro anoshanda muchitsauko chino.
    2. Ungadai wakaita chidzidzo here?
    3. Vanyori vanoruramisa chidzidzo ichi mubhuku repepa yavo nemutsara unotevera: "Zvimwe zvakanyanya, mhinduro idzi dzinotsigira mazano apfuura kuti kuongorora kwezvinhu zviduku zvine chokuita nehugandanga (semuenzaniso, graffiti) zvinogona kushandiswa kubatsira kuwana nzvimbo dzegandanga zvisati zvaitika zvakanyanya zviitiko zvinowanzoitika, uye inopa muenzaniso unofadza wekushandiswa kwemuenzaniso kune dambudziko rakaoma, renyika-chaiyo. "Izvi zvinoshandura maonero ako pepa pepa here? Kana zvakadaro, sei?
    4. Vanyori vaisanganisira chinyorwa chinoenderana nemitemo pamagumo emapepa avo: "Vanyori vanoziva, uye vanoremekedza, huri hwega [zita rakarongedzerwa] nehama dzake uye vakadaro vakashandisa zvinyorwa mubasa revanhu. Takarega nemaune mazita chaiwo. "Izvi zvinoshandura here maonero ako pepa pepa? Kana zvakadaro, sei? Iwe unofunga kuti vanhu vose / vega dichotomy inonzwisisika here munyaya iyi?
    Mufananidzo 6.9: Mufananidzo weSpy Booth naBayyna muCheltenham, England naKatryn Yengel, 2014. Chinyorwa: Kathryn Yengel / Flickr.

    Mufananidzo 6.9: Mufananidzo weSpy Booth naBayyna muCheltenham, England naKatryn Yengel, 2014. Chinyorwa: Kathryn Yengel / Flickr .

  10. [ midzi ] Metcalf (2016) inoita kuti nharo yokuti "mashizha akawanikwa pachena ari oga ane data yakavanda ndeimwe yezvinofadza kune vatsvakurudzi uye yakaipisisa kune zvidzidzo."

    1. Ndeipi mienzaniso miviri yakanyatsotsigira inotsigira izvi?
    2. Muchikamu chinochete, Metcalf anotaurawo kuti hainachronistic kufunga kuti "chero ruzivo rwekukuvadza rwatove rwakaitwa nehuwandasita dataset." Tipe muenzaniso mumwe wekuti izvi zvingave zvakadini.

  11. [ midzi , zvandinoda ] Muchitsauko chino, ini aronga mutemo thumbs kuti mashoko ose vanokwanisa kuvezwa uye mashoko ose zvingangoita kugumbuka. tafura 6.5 inopa urongwa hwemienzaniso isina ruzivo rwekutsanangura iwe pachako asi iyo inogona kunge yakabatanidzwa kune vanhu vakananga.

    1. Sarudza miviri mienzaniso iyi uye tsanangai kuti ikozvino kujekeswa kunorwisana sei mumatambudziko ose kune chimiro chakafanana.
    2. Kune imwe neimwe mienzaniso miviri muchikamu (a), tsanangura kuti sei data inokwanisa kubudisa ruzivo rwakanyanya pamusoro pevanhu vari mudasetet.
    3. Zvino sarudza chechitatu dataset kubva patafura. Nyora email kune mumwe munhu achifunga kuzvisunungura. Tsanangura kwavari kuti iyi data ingangodaro inogona kuonekwa sei uye ingave yakananga.
    Tetera 6.5: Mienzaniso yeZviNhau dzeDzimwe dzisingambove neZvirokwazvo Zvichinyatsozivikanwa Kuziva Mashoko asi Zvingave Zvichinyatsobatana Nevanhu Vanonyanya Kuziva
    Data Dheuteronomio
    Utano hwehutano inshumo Sweeney (2002)
    Credit card transaction data Montjoye et al. (2015)
    Netflix rating rating data Narayanan and Shmatikov (2008)
    Terefoni fona meta-data Mayer, Mutchler, and Mitchell (2016)
    Tsvaga log data Barbaro and Zeller (2006)
    Demographic, administration, uye social data pamusoro pevadzidzi Zimmer (2010)

  12. [ nyore ] Kuzviisa muhomwe dzevanhu vose kunosanganisira vatori vechikamu vako uye vanhu vose, kwete vezera rako chete. Izvi zvakaratidzwa munyaya yeJudha Chronic Disease Hospital (Katz, Capron, and Glass 1972, chap. 1; Lerner 2004; Arras 2008) .

    Dr. Chester M. Southam aiva chiremba anozivikanwa uye muongorori paSloan-Kettering Institute yeCancer Research uye muSvondo Anoprofesa weMishonga paCornell University Medical College. Musi waJuly 16, 1963, Southam nevamwe vaviri vakarova zvirwere zvekenza mhenyu mumarinda evanhu makumi maviri nematanhatu vakarasikirwa paJudha Chronic Disease Hospital muNew York. Aya majekiseni aiva chikamu chetsvakurudzo yaSoutham kuti anzwisise maitiro ezvirwere zvekenza varwere. Mukutsvakurudza kwepakutanga, Southam akawana kuti vanozvipira vane hutano vakakwanisa kuramba majekiseni ekenza yakavhara mumavhiki mana kusvika matanhatu, asi zvakatora varwere vakange vatova nekenza kwenguva refu. Southam akashamisika kana kucherechedza kupindurwa mukati mevarwere vekenza kwaiva nokuti vaive nekenza kana kuti vakange vakwegura uye vakatotadza kukanganiswa. Kuti agadzirise mikana iyi, Southam akasarudza kupinza masero emukenza mhenyu muboka revanhu vakange vakwegura uye vakaremara asi vasina kenza. Apo shoko rekudzidza rakapararira, rakakonzerwa chikamu nekuregererwa kwechiremba vatatu vakakumbirwa kutora chikamu, vamwe vakafananidza musasa wevasungwa reNazi Kuongorora, asi vamwe-vakawanikwa muchikamu chezvakavimbiswa naSoutham-vakawana tsvakurudzo isinganzwisisiki. Pakupedzisira, New York State Board yeRefents yakarondedzera nyaya yacho kuitira kuti Sarudzo inokwanisa kuenderera mberi nekuita mushonga. Southam akatsigira mukuzvidzivirira kwake kuti aive achiita "mutsika yakanakisisa yekuita zvekuchengetedza kwekutarisira." Kudzivirirwa kwake kwakabva pane zvimwe zvataurwa, izvo zvose zvakatsigirwa nenyanzvi dzakasiyana-siyana dzakapupura pamusoro pake: (1) tsvakurudzo yake yepamusoro yezvesayenzi uye hwemagariro evanhu; (2) kwakanga kusina dambudziko rinofadza kune vatori vechikamu; a claim based in part of Southam's 10 years of pre-experience with subjects over 600; (3) uwandu hwekuzivisa hunofanirwa kuchinjwa maererano nehuwandu hwehutano hunowanikwa nemutsvakurudzi; (4) kutsvakurudza kwaienderana nehutano hwekurapa panguva iyoyo. Pakupedzisira, bhogi reRentent rakawana Southam ane mhaka yekunyengera, kunyengedza, uye kusazvibata, uye akamisa chiremba chake chekurapa kwegore rimwe. Asi, makore mashomanana gare gare, Southam akasarudzwa mutungamiri weAmerican Association of Cancer Researchers.

    1. Ongorora kudzidza kwaSoutham uchishandisa mazano mana muchitsauko chino.
    2. Zvinoratidzika kuti Southam akatora maonero evamwe vake uye akanyatsofungidzira kuti vangapindura sei kubasa rake; zvirokwazvo, vazhinji vavo vakapupura pamusoro pake. Asi akanga asingakwanisi kana asingadi kunzwisisa kuti kutsvakurudza kwake kungave kuchivhiringidza sei kuvanhu. Iwe unofunga nezvemaonero evaruzhinji-angave akasiyana nemafungiro evatori vechikamu kana vezera-anofanirwa kuva nemitemo yekutsvakurudza? Chii chinofanira kuitika kana pfungwa dzakawanda uye pfungwa dzezera rako dzakasiyana?

  13. [ nyore ] Mupepa rakanzi "Crowdseeding muEastern Congo: Kushandisa Mafoni Emunharaunda Kuunganidza Kusagadzikana Dhiyabhorosi Dhiyabhorosi mu Real Real", Van der Windt naHumphreys (2016) vanotsanangura kugoverwa kwekuunganidza data (ona chitsauko 5) chavakasika muEastern Congo. Rondedzera kuti vatsvakurudzi vakaita sei nekusava nechokwadi pamusoro pekukanganisa vatori vechikamu.

  14. [ midzi ] Muna Gumiguru 2014, vatatu vezvematongerwe enyika vakatumira tsamba kune vateereri vanosvika 102,780 vakanyorwa muMontona-vanenge 15% vevhoti vakanyoreswa muhurumende (Willis 2014) -chikamu chekuedza kuongorora kana vateereri vanopiwa mamwe mashoko vangangodaro . Vakatumira tsamba-iyo yakanzi "2014 Montana General Election Voter Information Guide" -kuita kuti Montana Supreme Court Dare reZimbabwe, mune chisarudzo chisina kubhadhara, pachikero chinobva pakusununguka kuchengetedza, izvo zvakasanganisira Barack Obama naMitt Romney sezvienzanidzo. Mumiriri zvakare aisanganisira kubereka kweChiratidzo chikuru cheHurumende yeMontra (mufananidzo 6.10).

    Vakatumira tsamba vakagunun'una kubva kuMotora vhoti, uye vakaita kuti Linda McCloloch, Munyori wenyika yeMontona, ape mvumo yakasimba nehurumende yeMontona yehurumende. Vyunivhesiti yakashandisa vatsvakurudzi-Dartmouth naStanford-vakatumira tsamba kune avo vose vakagamuchira tsamba, vachikumbira ruregerero chero chipi zvacho chinogona kuvhiringidzika uye vachijekesa kuti munyori "haana kuwirirana neimwe sangano rezvematongerwo enyika, mubatanidzwa kana sangano, uye akanga asina kurongwa kutungamira chero rudzi rwose. "Tsamba iyi yakajekesawo kuti iyo yakarongwa" yakatarisira ruzivo rwevanhu pamusoro pevaya vakapa kune imwe neimwe yemakambani "(Mufananidzo 6.11).

    MunaMuvhuro 2015, Mutungamiriri wezvematongerwe enyika weHurumende yeMontana, Jonathan Motl, akatsunga kuti vatsvakurudzi vakanga vaputsa mutemo weManawi: "Komisheni anogadza kuti pane zvakakwana zvinoratidza kuti Stanford, Dartmouth uye / kana vatsvakurudzi varo vakaputsa Montana mhanho Ita mitemo inoda kubhadhara, kuudza uye kuzivisa kwezvimiriro zvemari "(Kukwana Kuwana Nhamba 3 mu Motl (2015) ). Mutungamiri weCommissionerwo akakurudzira kuti County County Attorney aongorore kana kushandiswa kusina kubvumirwa kweGreat Seal of Montana kuputsa mutemo wenyika ye Montana (Motl 2015) .

    Stanford naDartmouth havana kubvumirana nokutonga kwaMotl. Mumwe mutauriri weStanford ainzi Lisa Lapin akati "Stanford ... haatendi kuti mitemo ipi yekusarudzwa yakaputsika" uye kuti tsamba "haina hurumende inotsigira kana kupikisa chero mupiririri." Akataura kuti mumiriri wacho akanyatsotaura kuti "hazvisi zvekunamata uye haibvumiri mupiro kana mutambo " (Richman 2015) .

    1. Ongorora izvi zvidzidzo uchishandisa mazano mana uye maitiro maviri anorondedzerwa muchitsauko chino.
    2. Achifungidzira kuti ma mailers akatumirwa kune sarudzo dzisina kuitika yevhoti (asi zvizhinji pamusoro peizvi munguva pfupi), pasi pemamiriro api angangodaro tsamba iyi ingave yakagadzirisa migumisiro yesarudzo yepamusoro yepamutemo yepamutemo?
    3. Chaizvoizvo, ma-mailers haana kutumirwa kune sarudzo dzisina kunaka dzevhoti. Maererano nemushumo weJeremy Johnson (masayendisiti ezvematongerwe enyika akabatsira pakuongorora), mailers "yakatumirwa kune 64 265 vhoti vakaonekwa sevakasununguka kuva centrist vakamira muDemocratic reflective and 39,515 voteti vakaonekwa sevanochengetedza kuva centrist muRepublican vakanyarara. Vatsvakurudzi vakaratidza kuti kupesana pakati peDemocratic and Republican nhamba pamusana pekuti vaitarisira kuchinja kuti vave vaduku pakati peDemocratic voters. "Izvi zvinoshandura kuongorora kwako kwekutsvakurudza kwakaitwa here? Kana zvakadaro, sei?
    4. Mukupindura kuongorori, vatsvakurudzi vakati vakatora chisarudzo ichi muchidimbu nokuti "hapana nharo yekutonga yakanga yakanyatsopikisirwa mukutanga. Kubva pakutsvakurudza kwemasarudzo ekutanga e2014 mumagariro ekusarudzwa kwekutonga kweMexico kusati kwaitika, vatsvakurudzi vakafunga kuti kutsvakurudza kwakaitwa sezvakagadzirwa hakungagadziri mugumisiro wekukwikwidza " (Motl 2015) . Iko kushandura kwako kuongorora kwako kwekutsvakurudza here? Kana zvakadaro, sei?
    5. Kutaura zvazviri, sarudzo yakashandurwa kuti haina kunyanya pedyo (tafura 6.6). Iko kushandura kwako kuongorora kwako kwekutsvakurudza here? Kana zvakadaro, sei?
    6. Zvinotarisa kuti chidzidzo chakaendeswa kune Dartmouth IRB neumwe wevatsvakurudzi, asi mashoko acho akasiyana zvikuru kubva kune avo chaivo vekudzidza Montana. Inyoresi yakashandiswa muMonta haina kumbobvumirwa kune IRB. Chidzidzo chacho hachina kumboendeswa kuStanford IRB. Iko kushandura kwako kuongorora kwako kwekutsvakurudza here? Kana zvakadaro, sei?
    7. Izvo zvakare zvakazoitika kuti vatsvakurudzi vakange vatumira zvinhu zvakafanana zvekusarudzwa kune vanosvika 143 000 voteti muCalifornia uye 66 000 muNew Hampshire. Sezvandinoziva, kwakanga kusina zvikwangwani zvakagadziriswa zvakakonzerwa neava vanenge 200 000 mavhesi akawanda. Iko kushandura kwako kuongorora kwako kwekutsvakurudza here? Kana zvakadaro, sei?
    8. Chii, kana chimwe chinhu, ungadai wakaita zvakasiyana kana iwe uri vatsvakurisi vakuru? Iwe ungadai wakagadzira sei chidzidzo kana iwe uchida kuziva kuwedzera kana ruzivo rwekuwedzera ruzhinji rwekuvhota muzvikwata zvisingabatsiri?
    Terefu 6.6: Mhinduro kubva kuHurumende yeHurumende yepamusoro yeMana Montana Supreme Court (Nheyo: Webpage yeManyori weManchester State)
    Vadzidzi Votes rakagamuchirwa Percentage
    Justice Court Supreme # 1
    W. W. David Herbert 65 404 21.59%
    Jim Rice 236 963 78.22%
    Justice Court Supreme # 2
    Lawrence VanDyke 134 904 40.80%
    Mike Wheat 195 303 59.06%
    Mufananidzo 6.10: Mailer akaendeswa nevasori vezvematongerwe enyika vatatu kusvika kune 102,780 vanyori vakanyoreswa muMontana sechikamu chekuedza kuongorora kana vateereri vanopiwa ruzivo rwakawanda vanowanzovhota. Muenzaniso unokura mune izvi kuedza kwaive ne15% yevadzidzi vakakodzera muhurumende (Willis 2014). Yakadzorerwa kubva kuMotl (2015).

    Mufananidzo 6.10: Mailer akaendeswa nevasori vezvematongerwe enyika vatatu kusvika kune 102,780 vanyori vakanyoreswa muMontana sechikamu chekuedza kuongorora kana vateereri vanopiwa ruzivo rwakawanda vanowanzovhota. Muenzaniso unokura mune izvi kuedza kwaive ne15% yevadzidzi vakakodzera muhurumende (Willis 2014) . Yakadzorerwa kubva Motl (2015) .

    Mufananidzo 6.11: Tsamba yeApology iyo yakatumirwa kuvatori vepanota 102,780 vakanyorwa muMontana vakagamuchira tsamba yakaratidzwa mufananidzo 6.10. Tsamba yacho yakatumirwa naVaMutungamiri veDartmouth naStanford, vunivhesiti yakashandisa vatsvakurudzi vakatumira tsamba. Yakadzorerwa kubva kuMotl (2015).

    Mufananidzo 6.11: Tsamba yeApology iyo yakatumirwa kuvatori vepanota 102,780 vakanyorwa muMontana vakagamuchira tsamba yakaratidzwa mufananidzo 6.10. Tsamba yacho yakatumirwa naVaMutungamiri veDartmouth naStanford, vunivhesiti yakashandisa vatsvakurudzi vakatumira tsamba. Yakadzorerwa kubva Motl (2015) .

  15. [ midzi ] Musi waMay 8, 2016, vatsvakurudzi vaviri-Emil Kirkegaard naJulius Bjerrekaer-vakatsvaga mashoko kubva paIndaneti yekufambidzana nzvimbo OkCupid uye vakabudiswa pachena dashatimendi yevanenge vanenge 70 000 vashandisi, kusanganisira mhando dzakadai sezita remutauro, zera, gender, nzvimbo, maonero ane chokuita nechitendero , mafungiro ane chokuita nekuongorora nyeredzi, kufambidzana, nhamba yemifananidzo, nezvimwewo, uyewo mhinduro dzakapiwa mibvunzo inopfuura 2 600 iri panzvimbo ino. Mune pepa pepa mapepa anowirirana nedhidhiyo yakabudiswa, vanyori vakati "Vamwe vanogona kupesana nemitemo yekuunganidza uye kubudisa deta iyi. Zvisinei, data yose inowanikwa mudasetet yakave kana kuti yakanga yatovapo pachena, saka kusunungura iyi dataset kunongokupa iyo nenzira yakakosha. "

    Mukupindura kusunungurwa kwemashoko, mumwe wevanyori akabvunzwa pa Twitter: "Iyi dataset inonyanya kuzivikanwa. Kunyangwe kunosanganisira mazita evakadzi? Pane basa rakaitwa here kuti riitwe pachena? "Mhinduro yake yaiva" Kwete. Dhiyabhorosi atova pachena. " (Zimmer 2016; Resnick 2016) .

    1. Ongorora izvi kusunungurwa kwekushandisa uchishandisa mazano uye maitiro anongoratidzwa muchitsauko chino.
    2. Iwe ungashandisa deta idzi kuongororo yako pachayo here?
    3. Zvakadini kana iwe ukazvitsvaga iwe pachako?

  16. [ midzi ] Muna 2010, muongorori wechenjeri pamwe neUnited States Army akapa 250,000 makambani ekutsanangurira madhipatimendi kumusangano we WikiLeaks, uye akazoiswa paIndaneti. Gill and Spirling (2015) inotaura kuti "kubudiswa kwe WikiLeaks kunogona kureva katatu yemashoko anogona kuiswa kuti aongorore mafungiro asina kusimba muhukama hwepasi rose" uye inotevera inoratidza nhamba yemashiripiti akaputika. Semuenzaniso, vanyori vanofungidzira kuti vanomiririra zvikamu zvishanu kubva kune zvese zvematare ekubvumirana panguva iyoyo, asi kuti chiyero ichi chinosiyana kubva kumamishinari kuenda kumumishinari (ona Mufananidzo 1 wemapepa).

    1. Verenga pepa, uye nyora kunyora maitiro.
    2. Vanyori havana kuongorora zvinyorwa zvepi zvinyorwa zvipi zvayo. Pane purogiramu inoshandiswa kushandisa idzi tsamba dzamunofambisa here? Pane purogiramu inoshandiswa kushandisa idzi tsamba dzausingaiti?

  17. [ nyore ] Kuti udzidze kuti makambani anoteerera sei kumhan'ara, mumwe mutsvakurudzi akatumira tsamba dzinonyunyuta kune makumi maviri nemazana mana ekupedzisira zvekudya kuNew York City. Heino nyanzvi kubva kune tsamba inonyengera.

    "Ndiri kunyora tsamba iyi kwauri nokuti ndakatsamwiswa nezvakaitika munguva ichangopfuura yandakanga ndawana paresitorendi yako. Pasina nguva refu, ini nemudzimai wangu takapemberera zuva redu rekutanga. ... Manheru akave akashungurudzika apo zviratidzo zvakatanga kuonekwa anenge maawa mana mushure mekudya. Kuwedzerwa kushungurudza, kusuruvara, chirwere chemashuga, uye mazamu emimba zvose zvakaratidza chimwe chinhu: chepfu yekudya. Zvinondiita kuti nditsamwise kungofunga kuti manheru edu anodikanwa edu akazochera kumukadzi wangu achitarisa ndichivhara mumusana wechipfuva pamubhedha wakavhara muimba yedu yekugezera mukati mekutenderera kwekukanda. ... Kunyange zvazvo iyo isiri iyo chinangwa changu chekupa chero mapepa neBusiness Business Bureau kana Dhipatimendi reZvipatano, Ndinokuda iwe, [zita re restaurateur], kuti ndinzwisise zvandakapfuura ndichifunga kuti iwe uchapindura zvakakodzera. "

    1. Ongorora zvidzidzo izvi uchishandisa mazano uye maitiro akarongedzerwa muchitsauko chino. Zvawakapiwa, iwe ungaita here chidzidzo?
    2. Izvi ndizvo zvinoshandiswa (Kifner 2001) vakagamuchira tsamba vakagamuchira (Kifner 2001) : "Yaiva yenyonganyonga yekugadzirisa sevadzidzisi, vatungamiri uye vafudzi vakatsvaga kuburikidza nemakombiyuta nokuda kwe [zita redacted] kusungirirwa kana marekodhi emakadhi ekwereti, kuongororwa mapepa uye kubudisa kununurwa kwezvokudya zvinogona kuparadzwa, uye vakabvunza vashandi vekicheni pamusoro pekugona kunonoka, zvose zvakasimbiswa nezvose iyo yunivhesiti uye purofesa iye zvino akabvuma kuti iri bhizinesi chikoro chekudzidza kubva kugehena. "Mashoko aya anoshandura maitiro aunoongorora chidzidzo here?
    3. Sezvandinoziva, chidzidzo ichi chakanga chisina kuongororwa neRRB kana imwe yechitatu. Izvozvo zvinoshandura here kuti unoongorora sei chidzidzo? Sei kana kuti kwete?

  18. [ midzi ] Kuvaka pamubvunzo wepakutanga, ndinoda kuti iwe uenzanise chidzidzo ichi nekudzidza kwakasiyana kwakasiyana-siyana kwaisanganisira zvekudya. Mune humwe hutsvakurudzo, Neumark uye vashandi pamwe chete (1996) vakatumira vaviri vechikoro nevakadzi vaviri vekoroji vakadzi vakagadziriswa kuti vashandire basa sevamiririri uye vashandi pazvokudya 65 muPhiladelphia, kuti vaongorore kusarurana kwepabonde muchitoro chokubhadhara. Zvitero makumi matatu nemazana makumi matatu nemaviri zvakatungamirira kuongororano makumi mashanu nemakumi mana nemakumi mana nemakumi matanhatu. Chidzidzo chacho chakawana huwandu hunoratidza hutano hwekusangana kwepabonde kune vakadzi mumatoro ekudhura.

    1. Nyora zvinyorwa zvepamutemo zvekudzidza uku.
    2. Iwe unofunga kuti izvi zvidzidzo zvakasiyana zvakasiyana nezvakatsanangurwa mumubvunzo wapfuura. Kana zvakadaro, sei?

  19. [ midzi , zvandinoda ] Dzimwe nguva kubva muna 2010, vapurofesa 6 548 muUnited States vakagamuchira mairi akafanana neaya.

    "Mudiwa Purofesa Salganik,

    Ndiri kukunyorerai nokuti ini ndiri anotarisira Ph.D. mudzidzi ane ruzivo rwakanyanya mukutsvakurudza kwako. Zvirongwa zvangu ndezvekushandisa kune Ph.D. inoronga izvi zvinouya, uye ini ndinoda kudzidza zvakawanda zvandinokwanisa pamusoro pemikana yekutsvakurudza panguva ino.

    Ndichange ndiri pamusasa nhasi, uye kunyange ini ndichiziva kuti ichinyatsocherechedza, ndanga ndichibvunza kana iwe ungave nemaminitsi gumi apo iwe ungada kuonana neni kuti utaure muchidimbu nezvebasa rako uye chero mikana ipi zvayo yokuti ndive nechokuita tsvakurudzo yako. Chero nguva ipi zvingave yakakodzera kuti iwe uite zvakanaka neni, sekusangana newe ndiyo chinhu chinokosha pandakatanga kushanya.

    Ndinokutendai mberi kwekufungisisa kwenyu.

    Nemwoyo wose, Carlos Lopez "

    Aya maimeri akanga ari nhema; ivo vaiva chikamu chebasa rekuedza kuongorora kana vaprofesa vangave vakakwanisa kupindura ma email zvichienderana ne (1) nguva-fomu (nhasi zvichienderana nevhiki inouya) uye (2) zita remutumwa, izvo zvaive zvakasiyana kuti zviratidze rudzi uye huri (Carlos Lopez, Meredith Roberts, Raj Singh, etc). Vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti apo zvikumbiro zvaifanira kusangana muvhiki imwe chete, varume veCaucasian vakagamuchirwa kupinda nhengo dzehutori pamusoro pe25% kakawanda kupfuura vakadzi nevakadzi vashoma. Asi apo vadzidzi vanonyengera vakakumbira misangano musi iwoyo, maitiro aya ainyanya kubviswa (Milkman, Akinola, and Chugh 2012) .

    1. Ongorora izvi kuedza maererano nemitemo uye zvigadziro muchitsauko chino.
    2. Mushure mokunge chidzidzo chacho chapera, vatsvakurudzi vakatumira tsamba inotevera yekutaurirana kune vose vatori vechikamu.

    "Munguva pfupi yapfuura, iwe wakagamuchira email kubva kumudzidzi achikumbira maminitsi gumi ezuva rako kuti akurukure Ph.D. yako. purogiramu (muviri we email unowanikwa pasi). Tiri kukutumira iwe email nhasi kuti tibvunzurudze iwe pane chinangwa chaicho chemeyili iyo, sezvo ichi chikamu chekutsvakurudza. Tinotarisira nemwoyo wose kuti kudzidza kwedu hakuna kukubvumira kukuvhiringidza uye tinokumbira ruregerero kana iwe usina kumbokanganisa. Tariro yedu ndeyokuti tsamba ino ichapa tsanangudzo yakakwana yechinangwa nekugadzirisa kwekudzidza kwedu kuderedza zvinetso zvose zvaungave nazvo pamusoro pekubatanidzwa kwako. Tinoda kukutendai kwenguva yenyu uye nekuverenga nekuwedzera kana iwe uchida kunzwisisa kuti nei wakagamuchira iyi mharidzo. Tinotarisira kuti muchaona kukosha kweruzivo ratinotarisira kuburitsa nechidzidzo chikuru chekudzidza. "

    Mushure mekutsanangura chinangwa nekugadzirisa kwekudzidza, vakaramba vachiti:

    "Senguva iyo migumisiro yekutsvakurudza kwedu iripo, tichaiisa panzvimbo dzedu dzewebsite. Ndapota svinurai kuti hapana nhoroondo inozivikanwa ichazombobviswa kubva padzidzo iyi, uye isu pakati pegadziriro yekugadzira inova nechokwadi chekuti tichakwanisa kuziva hutungamiri hwemamiriyoni maitiro muhutano-kwete pamunhu mumwe nomumwe. Hapana munhu kana yunivhesiti inenge ichinyatsoonekwa pane chero tsvakurudzo kana data yatinoparidzira. Ichokwadi kuti, chero munhu mumwechete weiyo mhinduro ye email hairevi chinangwa sezvo kune zvikonzero zvakawanda nei munhu wega wega wega aigona kugamuchira kana kuderedza chikumbiro chemusangano. Dhawuni yose yakatove yakasarudzwa uye mhinduro dze email dzinozivikanwa dzakatozobviswa kubva pane zvinyorwa zvedu uye zvakanamatira server. Mukuwedzera, panguva iyo iyo data yaive yakajeka, yakanga yakachengetedzwa nevhudziro rakasimba uye rakachengeteka. Uye sezvinogara iri iyo nyaya apo zvidzidzo zvedzidzo zvekudzidzisa zvinosanganisira nyaya dzevanhu, mitemo yedu yekutsvakurudza yakabvumirwa nemayunivhesiti 'Institutional Review Boards (Columbia Columbia Morningside IRB neYunivhesiti yePennsylvania IRB).

    Kana iwe uine mibvunzo pamusoro pekodzero dzako sehurukuro yekutsvakurudza, unogona kuonana neColumbia University Morningside Institutional Review Board pa [redacted] kana ne email pa [redacted] uye / kana University of Pennsylvania Institutional Review Board pa [redacted].

    Ndinokutendai zvakare nokuda kwekuita kwenyu uye kunzwisisa kwebasa ratiri kuita. "

    1. Ndezvipi zvinokonzera kushungurudzika munyaya ino? Ndezvipi zvinopesana? Iwe unofunga here kuti vatsvakurudzi vanofanira kunge vakapikisana nevatori vechiitiko munyaya iyi?
    2. Mukusimbisa zvinhu zvepaIndaneti, vatsvakurudzi vane chikamu chinonzi "Human Subjects Protection." Verenga chikamu ichi. Pane chimwe chinhu chaunogona kuwedzera kana kubvisa?
    3. Chii chaiva mari yekuedza uku kune vatsvakurudzi? Chii chaive mari yekuedza iyi kune vatori vechikamu? Andrew Gelman (2010) akatsigira kuti vatori vechikamu munyaya ino vangadai vakabhadharwa kwenguva yavo mushure mokunge kuedza kwapera. Unobvumirana here? Edza kuita nharo yako uchishandisa mitemo uye maitiro akanaka muchitsauko chino.

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