6.6.3 Privacy
Privacy ndiyo kodzero akakodzera chokubuda mashoko.
Nzvimbo yechitatu umo vanotsvakurudza vanogona kuoma ndevamwe . Sezvo Lowrance (2012) inonyatsotaura zvakajeka: "kuvanzika kunofanira kuremekedzwa nokuti vanhu vanofanira kuremekedzwa." Zvisinei, pfuma, inhau inonyanya kushamisa (Nissenbaum 2010, chap. 4) , uye, saizvozvo, ihwo hwakaoma kushandisa paunenge uchiedza kuita zvisarudzo zvakananga nezvekutsvakurudza.
Nzira imwe chete yekufunga pamusoro pehupombwe ndeyevanhu vose / vega dichotomy. Nenzira iyi yekufunga, kana ruzivo ruchiwanika pachena, zvino runogona kushandiswa nevatsvakurudzi vasina hanya nezvinhu zvekuvhiringidza kodzero dzevanhu. Asi nzira iyi inogona kupinda mumatambudziko. Semuenzaniso, munaNovember 2007, Costas Panagopoulos akatumira tsamba pamusoro pemasarudzo aizouya kumunhu wese mumaguta matatu. Mumaguta maviri-Monticello, Iowa neHolland, Michigan-Panagopoulos akavimbisa / akatyisidzira kuparadzira runyora rwevanhu vakanga vatovhura mupepanhau. Mune rimwe guta-Ely, Iowa-Panagopoulos akavimbisa / akatyisidzira kuparadzira runyora rwevanhu vakanga vasati vatora mupepanhau. Iyi mishonga yakagadzirirwa kukurudzira kudada uye kunyadziswa (Panagopoulos 2010) nokuti izvi manzwiro ainge awanikwa kuti awane kuchinja mune zvidzidzo zvekare (Gerber, Green, and Larimer 2008) . Mashoko pamusoro pevhoti uye ndiani asingashamisi muUnited States; chero munhu anogona kuhuwana. Saka, mumwe angakakavhiringidza kuti nokuti ruzivo rwekuvhota rwave rwuri pachena, hapana dambudziko nemutsvakurudzi anozvinyora mupepanhau. Kune rumwe rutivi, chimwe chinhu pamusoro pekukakavadzana uku chinonzwa chakaipa kune vamwe vanhu.
Sezvinoratidzwa nemuenzaniso uyu, ruzivo rwepachena / runyararo runonyanyisa (boyd and Crawford 2012; Markham and Buchanan 2012) . Nzira yakanakisisa yekufunga pamusoro pehupfumi-imwe yakagadzirirwa kugadzirisa nyaya dzakasimudzirwa nezera rejitori-ndiyo pfungwa yekutendeseka (Nissenbaum 2010) . Panzvimbo pekutarisa ruzivo sehuruzhinji kana yega, kutendeseka kwepfungwa kunotarisa kubuda kwemashoko. Maererano Nissenbaum (2010) , "kodzero yekusimudzira haisi yekodzero yekuvanza kana kodzero yekudzora asi kodzero yekutendera kufamba kwemashoko evanhu."
Mhedziso inokosha iri mumamiriro ekutendeseka (Nissenbaum 2010) nemamiriro ekutaura-ane chokuita nemitemo yekuziva (Nissenbaum 2010) . Idzi ndidzo mitemo inotungamira kubuda kwemashoko mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo, uye zvinotarirwa nemitatu mitatu:
- vatambi (chidzidzo, yatumira, mugashiri)
- unhu (marudzi mashoko)
- kutapukirwa misimboti (constraints pasi iyo mashoko runoyerera)
Nokudaro, apo iwe semutsvakurudzi ari kusarudza kana kushandiswa kwebasa pasina ruzivo zvinobatsira kubvunza, "Ko kushandiswa uku kunopesana nemamiriro ezvinhu-zvinyorwa zvine chokuita nemashoko here?" Kudzokera kune nyaya yaPanagopoulos (2010) , munyaya iyi, kuva nekunze Muongorori anotsanangura mazita evhoti kana vasiri vhesi mupepanhau inoita sokuti inogona kuputsa mitemo yemashoko. Izvi hazvirevi kuti vanhu vanotarisira sei ruzivo runofamba. Ichokwadi, Panagopoulos haana kutevera kuburikidza nechipikirwa chake / kutyisidzira nokuti vakuru vemasarudzo emunharaunda vakaona tsamba kwaari uye vakamukurudzira kuti yakanga isiri pfungwa yakanaka (Issenberg 2012, 307) .
Chirevo chemuongorori-zvinyorwa zvido zvekuziva zvinogona kubatsirawo kuongorora nyaya yandakakurukura pakutanga kwechitsauko pamusoro pekushandiswa kwemafoni ekufambisa foni kuti uone kufamba kweEbola kubuda muWest Africa muna 2014 (Wesolowski et al. 2014) . Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, munhu anogona kufungidzira mamiriro maviri akasiyana:
- Situation 1: kutumira wakakwana kudanwa nerogi Data [anoti]; kuti hurumende kukwana Mvumo [vatambi]; chero ramangwana kushandisa [yedzimudzangara mazano]
- Situation 2: kutumira zvishoma anonymized zvinyorwa [anoti]; kuti anoremekedzwa vatsvakurudzi kuyunivhesiti [vatambi]; kushandiswa pakupindurwa Ebola yatanga uye pasi mapazi yunivhesiti yetsika mapuranga [yedzimudzangara mazano]
Kunyange zvazvo mumamiriro ezvinhu aya ose akadana deta iri kubuda kunze kwekambani, maitiro ehutano pamusoro pemamiriro maviri aya haasi akafanana nekuda kwekusiyana pakati pevadzidzisi, maitiro, uye kutapurirana mazano. Kutarisa kune imwe chete yemiganhu iyi kunogona kutungamirira pakuita zvisarudzo zvisinganzwisisiki. Ichokwadi, Nissenbaum (2015) inotsanangura kuti hapana chimwe chezvikamu zvitatu izvi zvinogona kuderedzwa kune vamwe, uyewo hapana mumwe wavo anogona kutsanangura mazano edzidziso. Iyi nhatu-nharaunda yemitemo yemashoko inotsanangura kuti sei maitiro akare-ayo akaisa pane zvimwe zviito kana maitiro ekutumira-asina kukwana pakubata pfungwa dzepfungwa-dzakavanzika dzehupfumi.
Imwe dambudziko nekushandisa chirevo chemuongororwo-zvinyorwa zvine chokuita nemitemo yekutungamirira sarudzo ndeyekuti vatsvakurudzi vangave vasingazvizivi mberi kwenguva uye ivo vakaoma zvikuru kuenzanisa (Acquisti, Brandimarte, and Loewenstein 2015) . Zvakare, kunyange kana kumwe kutsvakurudza kungazoputsa zvirevo-zvinyorwa zvido zvekuziva izvo zvisingatauri kuti kutsvakurudza hakufaniri kuitika. Ichokwadi, chitsauko 8 Nissenbaum (2010) chakanyatsotaura nezve "Kuputsa Mitemo Yezvakanaka." Pasinei nezvinetso izvi, zvinyorwa-zvinyorwa zvine chokuita nemitemo yehupenyu zvichiri nzira inobatsira yekufunga nezvemibvunzo yakabatana nehuwandu.
Pakupedzisira, yega yega nzvimbo yandakaona kusanzwisisana pakati pevanotsvakurudza vanokoshesa Kuremekedzwa Kwevanhu uye avo vanokoshesa Beneficence. Fungidzira mamiriro ezvinhu emutsvakurudzo wehutano wevanhu avo, mukuedza kudzivirira kupararira kwechirwere chinotapukira chinoratidzira, vachiona pachivande vanhu vanotora mvura. Vatsvakurudzi vanotarisa kuBrificence kunotarisa pamusoro pekubatsira kwevanhu kubva pakutsvakurudza uye vanogona kutaura kuti pakanga pasina kuipa kune vatori vechikamu kana muongorori akaita uroyi hwake pasina kuonekwa. Kune rumwe rutivi, vanotsvakurudza vanoisa mberi kukuremekedza kwevanhu vaizofunga nezvekuti muongorori akanga asingabatire vanhu noruremekedzo uye angataura kuti kukuvadzwa kwakasikwa nekuputsa hutano hwevatori vechikamu, kunyange kana vatori vechikamu vakanga vasina kuziva tsori. Mune mamwe mazwi, kune vamwe, kuputsa hurumende yevanhu ndeyekukuvadza mukati uye pachako.
Mukupedzisa, paunofunga pamusoro pehuga, zvinobatsira kuenderera mberi kupfuura zvakanyanyisa kuratidza hurumende / yega yega dichotomy uye kufungisisa pane zvinyorwa-zvinyorwa zvido zvemashoko, izvo zvinoumbwa nezvinhu zvitatu: vatambi (nyaya, mutumidzi, mupiriri), zviito (mhando dzemashoko), uye kutumirwa mazano (zvinetso (Nissenbaum 2010) neruzivo) (Nissenbaum 2010) . Vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanoongorora hutano maererano nehukukuvadza kunogona kuguma nekuputsa kwacho, asi vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanoona kuputsa kwehupomberi sekukuvadza mukati uye pachako. Nokuti nheyo dzehupfumi muhuwandu hwemagetsi dzakawanda dziri kuchinja munguva yakareba, dzakasiyana kubva kumunhu kusvika kune mumwe munhu, uye dzinosiyana kubva mumamiriro ezvinhu kumamiriro ezvinhu (Acquisti, Brandimarte, and Loewenstein 2015) , ruzivo (Acquisti, Brandimarte, and Loewenstein 2015) nguva inouya.
