5.3.3 Kuda-to-Patent
Peer-to-Patent inoshandiswa pachena iyo inobatsira vaongorori vepavanamato kuwana unyanzvi hwepamberi; zvinoratidza kuti kufonera kwakasununguka kunogona kushandiswa pamatambudziko asina kunyatsogadzirirwa ku quantification.
Vadzidzisi vePentent vane basa rakaoma. Vanogamuchira tsanangudzo dzomutemo, dzomumiririri yezvigadzirwa zvitsva, uye zvino anofanira kusarudza kana izvo zvakataurwa kuti "nhoroondo". Icho, muongorori anofanira kusarudza kana pane "unyanzvi hwepakutanga" -kushandurwa kwepakutanga kwezvakagadzirwa-izvo zvaizoita kuti chinorongwa chisina kukodzera patent. Kuti tinzwisise kuti izvi zvinoshanda sei, ngatimboongororai muongorori wepentamende anonzi Albert, mukuremekedzwa kwaAlbert Einstein uyo akatanga muSwitzerland Patent Office. Albert angagamuchira shanduro se US Patent 20070118658 yakaiswa naHewlett Packard ye "Usarudzo-yakasarudzwa kutarisa mafaira" uye yakatsanangurwa zvakanyanya mubhuku rinonzi Beth Noveck's Wiki Government (2009) . Heino chirevo chekutanga kubva pane chikwata:
"A yekombiyuta, dzine: mumwe processor; kumboenda chiyamuro / goho hurongwa (Bios) kusanganisira pfungwa mirayiridzo iyo, kana vakaurayiwa processor, kugadzira ari processor kuti: kutanga simba kuzvida bvunzo (POST) kubudiswa munyika dzinokosha chiyamuro / goho gadziriro ane kadambari mudziyo; chipo mumwe kana kupfuura kwounyanzvi akangwarira Formats vari aishandisa inowanikwa; kugamuchira kusarudzwa chiratidzo kubva User inowanikwa chinozivisa rimwe basa akangwarira Formats dzaitaurwa mushandisi inowanikwa; uye kugadzira zano machira kuna kadambari hurongwa pamwe akaratidza utariri akasvinurira format. "
Ko Albert anofanira kupiwa kodzero yekutonga kwemakore makumi maviri nemakumi maviri emutauro uyu here kana kuti pane zvakamboitika? Izvo zvinowanikwa mune dzakawanda zvechirongwa zvisarudzo zvakakwirira, asi zvinosuruvarisa, Albert achafanira kuita chisarudzo pasina ruzivo rukuru rwaangada. Nemhaka yezvakaitika kare zvebvumirano, Albert ari kushanda pasi penguva yakaoma yakaoma uye anofanirwa kuita sarudzo yake kubva pamaawa makumi maviri chete emabasa. Uyezve, nekuda kwekuda kuchengetedza chakavanzika chinenge chakaitwa, Albert haabvumirwi kutaurirana nevekunze nyanzvi (Noveck 2006) .
Izvi zvakakonzera purofesa wepamutemo Beth Noveck sezvaakaparadzwa zvachose. MunaJuly 2005, yakafuridzirwa muchikamu ne Wikipedia, yakagadzira chinyorwa chebhuku chinonzi "Peer-to-Patent: A Modest Proposal" iyo yakadaidza kuzarurirwa kwevhesi yepamusoro-purogiramu yezvibvumirano. Mushure mokushanda pamwe ne US Patent uye Trademark Office uye makambani ekufambisa teknolojia semakambani eBM, Peer-to-Patent yakatangwa munaJune 2007. Imakore anenge makumi maviri ehurumende yehurumende uye boka rezvemitongi rinoratidzika sedzvimbo isingafungidziri kutsvaga zvitsva, asi Peer-to-Patent inobata basa rakanaka rekuenzanisa munhu wese anofarira.
Mufananidzo 5.9: Peer-to-Patent workflow. Yakadzorerwa kubva kuna Bestor and Hamp (2010) .
Hezvino iyo inoshanda sei (mufananidzo 5.9). Mushure mokunge munhu akanganisa anobvumirana kuita kuti sarudzo yake iende kuburikidza nekuongororwa kwemunharaunda (zvakawanda pamusoro pezvikonzero nei angaita izvozvo munguva pfupi), chikumbiro chinotumirwa kune webhusaiti. Zvadaro, sarudzo inokurukurwa nevakurukura vezvemunharaunda (zvakare, zvakawanda pamusoro pezvikonzero nei vachigona kupinda mukanguva), uye mienzaniso yezvinoitika kare unyanzvi huripo, inotsanangurwa, uye yakasirwa kune webhusaiti. Iyi nzira yekukurukurirana, kutsvakurudza, uye kuenderera mberi inopfuurira, kusvikira, pakupedzisira, mharaunda yevatsigiri vevheti vanosarudza kusarudza zvikamu gumi zvepamusoro zvekufungidzirwa kweukama hwekare hwakatumirwa kumuongorori wepamutemo kuti aongorore. Muongorori wepamutemo ndiye anozviongorora uye pamwe chete nemashoko kubva Peer-to-Patent anopa mutongo.
Ngatidzokere ku US Patent 20070118658 nokuda kwe "Usarudzo-sarudzo yekugadzirisa kutarisa mafaira." Iyi brevet yakaiswa kune Peer-to-Patent munaJune 2007, iyo yaiverehwa naSteve Pearson, muongorori mukuru we software yeBMM. Pearson aiziva nzvimbo iyi yekutsvakurudza uye akacherechedza chidimbu chekugadzirwa kwekutanga: bhuku rinobva kuIntel rakanzi "Active Management Technology: Quick Reference Guide" iyo yakabudiswa makore maviri apfuura. Zvine zvinyorwa izvi, pamwe chete nezvimwe zvekugadzirwa kwepamusoro uye hurukuro kubva kumunharaunda we Peer-to-Patent, muongorori wepententamente akatanga kutarisa zvakadzama nyaya yacho, uye pakupedzisira akadzinga kushandiswa kwemutemo, chikamu nekuda kweBhuku reIndel kuti yakanga iri Pearson (Noveck 2009) . Pamatambudziko makumi matanhatu nematanhatu akapedza Peer-to-Patent, inenge 30% yakarambwa zvikuru zvichibva pane unyanzvi hwepakutanga hwakawanikwa kuburikidza ne Peer-to-Patent (Bestor and Hamp 2010) .
Chii chinoita kuti kugadzirwa kwePeer-to-Patent kunyanya kunakidza ndiyo nzira iyo inogamuchira vanhu vane zvakawanda zvinopesana zvinodiwa kune vose vachitamba pamwe chete. Inventors vane chikonzero chekutora chikamu nokuti hofisi yepamutemo inongororai mapepa e Peer-to-Patent nokukurumidza kupfuura mabvumirano anouya kuburikidza nekodzero, yekuongorora zvakavanzika. Vagadziri vane chikonzero chekutora chikamu kuitira kudzivirira zvikanganiso zvakashata, uye vazhinji vanoita sevanoona kuti iyo inofadza. Pakupedzisira, hofisi yepaiti yepamusoro uye vanyori vepa patent vane chikonzero chekutora chikamu nokuti izvi zvinogona kungovandudza zvigumisiro zvavo. Ikozvino, kana ruongorudzo rwemunharaunda rwunowana zvikamu gumi zvisingabatsiri zveunyanzvi hwepamberi, zvipuka izvi zvisingabatsiri zvinogona kuregererwa nemuongorori wepamutemo. Mune mamwe mazwi, Peer-to-Patent uye muongorori wepententamende anoshanda pamwechete anofanira kunge akaenzana kana kuti ari nani kupfuura muongorori wevanomiridzi anoshanda ari oga. Nokudaro, kushamiswa pachena hakusi nguva dzose kutsiva nyanzvi; dzimwe nguva vanobatsira nyanzvi kuita basa ravo zviri nani.
Kunyange zvazvo Veer-to-Patent ingaita seyakasiyana neNetflix Prize neFoldit, ine sarudzo yakafanana mune iyo mhinduro dziri nyore kutarisa kudarika. Kana mumwe munhu akasika bhuku racho "Active Management Technology: Quick Reference Guide" zviri nyore-kune muongorori wepententamende, zvishoma-kuongorora kuti rugwaro urwu nderekutanga kwehutano. Zvisinei, kuwana bhuku idzodzo kwakaoma. Peer-to-Patent inoratidzawo kuti mapurogiramu akazaruka anogona kuitika kunyange kune zvinetso zvisingaoneki zvigadziriswa ku quantification.
