5.3.4 Mhedziso

Vhura nhare dzinokubatsira kuti uwane mhinduro dzematambudziko aunogona kutaura zvakajeka asi kuti haugoni kuzvigadzirisa iwe pachako.

In zvose zvitatu pachena kudanwa zvirongwa Netflix Prize, Foldit, Nyatsotarira-to-Patent-vatsvakurudzi akabvunza mibvunzo yakananga chimiro, kuboka zvinogadzirisa, uye ipapo akanhonga yakanakisisa yokupedza nayo zvinetso. Vaongorori havana kunyange kuziva nyanzvi yakanakisisa kubvunza, uye dzimwe nguva pfungwa dzakanaka aibva dzaisatarisirwa akakwirira.

Iye zvino ini ndinokwanisawo kusimbisa maitiro maviri anokosha pakati pekuzarura mapurojekiti uye mapurogiramu evanhu kuverenga. Chokutanga, mumapurogiramu ekufuratira akasununguka muongorori anotsanangura chinangwa (semuenzaniso, kufanotaura kutarisa kwemafirimu), asi mukuverenga kwevanhu, muongorori anotsanangura microtask (semuenzaniso, kuisa giraxy). Chechipiri, mumashamba akazaruka, vatsvakurudzi vanoda rupiro rwakanakisisa-seyakanakisisa yekugadzirisa maitiro emagetsi, kushandiswa kwemasimba kweproteinini, kana chidimbu chakakosha kupfuura zvose zvekugadzirwa kwezvinhu-kwete humwe unhu huri nyore hwevose zvipo.

Tichipa teteti yevhenekeri yakazaruka uye mienzaniso mitatu, ndeapi matambudziko mukutsvakurudza kwemagariro evanhu angave akakodzera nzira iyi? Panguva ino, ndinofanira kubvuma kuti hakuna kumbove nemuenzaniso mizhinji wakabudirira zvakare (nekuda kwezvikonzero zvandichazojekesa munguva pfupi). Mukutaura kwemashoko akajeka, munhu anogona kufungidzira Peer-to-Patent mararamiro akasununguka anoshandiswa nemutsvakurudzi wezvakaitika kare achitsvaga rugwaro rwekutanga kududza munhu chaiye kana pfungwa. Nzira yakasununguka inosvika kune iyi yakakanganisika inogona kunyanya kukosha apo magwaro angangodaro haasi mune imwe archive asi inowanikwa zvikuru.

Zvinowanzoitika, hurumende dzakawanda nemakambani vane matambudziko angave akakwanisa kuzarura foni nokuti mafonera akazaruka anogona kuita zvirongwa zvingashandiswa pakufanotaura, uye izvi zvinoporofita zvinogona kuva chikonzero chinokosha chekuita (Provost and Fawcett 2013; Kleinberg et al. 2015) . Semuenzaniso, sezvo Netflix yaida kufanotaura kuenzaniswa kwemafirimu, hurumende dzinogona kuda kufanotaura zvingangoita sezvokudya zvekudya zvinowanzove nekuputsika kwemitemo yehutano kuitira kuti zvipiwe zvipo zvekuongorora zvakajeka. Achikurudzirwa nedambudziko iri, Edward Glaeser uye vashandi pamwe navo (2016) vakashandisa nhare yakasununguka kuti vabatsire Guta reBoston rinofanotaura kupererwa kwekudyara kwekudyara nekutsvaga kwehutsanana kunobva pamashoko kubva kuYelp kuongorora uye nhoroondo yekuongorora dhoroondo. Vaifungidzira kuti muenzaniso wekufananidzira wakakunda foni yakasununguka yaizovandudza kubudiswa kwevatengesi vekutsvaga vaine 50%.

Vhura nhare dzinogonawo kushandiswa kuenzanisa uye kuongorora mazano. Semuenzaniso, Fragile Families uye Child Wellbeing Study yakatsvaga vana vanenge 5 000 kubvira pakaberekwa mumaguta makumi maviri eUnited States (Reichman et al. 2001) . Vatsvakurudzi vakaunganidza dambudziko pamusoro pevana ava, mhuri dzavo, uye nzvimbo yavo yakawanda pakuberekwa uye nemakore 1, 3, 5, 9, nemakore gumi nemashanu. Tichipa ruzivo rwezvevana ava, zvakanakisisa sei vatsvakurudzi vanofanotaura zviitiko zvakadai sokuti ndiani achazopedza chikoro? Kana, inoratidzirwa nenzira iyo inofadza kune vamwe vatsvakurudzi, iyo dhiyabhorosi nedzidziso dzaizove dzakanyatsobudirira pakufanotaura zviitiko izvi? Sezvo pasina mumwe wevana ava iye zvino akakwegura kuenda kukoroji, izvi zvingava chokwadi chekuona-kutarisa mberi, uye kune maitiro akawanda akasiyana nevatsvakurudzi vangashandisa. Mumwe mutsvakurudzi anotenda kuti nzvimbo dzakakosha mukuumba hupenyu hunogona kutora imwe nzira, asi muongorori anoisa pfungwa pamhuri angaita chimwe chinhu chakasiyana zvachose. Ndeupi wezvinhu izvi zvaizoshanda zviri nani? Isu hatizivi, uye pakuedza kuziva, tinogona kudzidza chimwe chinhu chakakosha pamusoro pemhuri, mharaunda, dzidzo, nekusawirirana kwevanhu. Uyezve, izvi zvinotarisirwa zvinogona kushandiswa kutungamirira dambudziko rekuunganidza deta. Fungidzira kuti paive nekawanda yevadzidzi vekoroji vakanga vasina kufanirwa kupedzisa nemumwe wemhando; vanhu ava vaizova vakakodzwa vakanaka kwekutevera-uphutano nyanzvi yekuongororai uye kutarisa kwevanhu. Nokudaro, mumhando iyi yekudanidzira pachena, huporofita haisi kuguma; pane kudaro, vanopa nzira itsva yekuenzanisa, kuve nekugadzira, nekubatanidza tsika dzakasiyana dzedzidziso. Rudzi urwu rwekutsvaga rusina kukodzera kushandisa data kubva kuFragile Families uye Child Wellbeing Study kuti ufanotaura kuti ndiani achaenda kuchikoro; iyo inogona kushandiswa kufanotaura chero zvingaguma zvichange zvichange zvichinyorwa mune chero nguva yakareba yehuwandu hwemashoko yakagadzirirwa.

Sezvandakanyora kare munharaunda ino, hakuna kumbove nemuenzaniso mizhinji yevanhu vanotsvaga vashandisi vachishandisa foni dzakasununguka. Ndinofunga kuti izvi ndezvokuti kuponeswa kwakasununguka hakukodzeri zvakakodzera nenzira iyo masayendisiti masuzhinji anowanzobvunza mibvunzo yavo. Kudzokera kuNetflix Prize, masayendisiti ezvesuzhinji haawanzobvunza nezvekufanotaura zvido; asi, vaizobvunza nezvekuti sei uye nei zvishuvo zvetsika zvakasiyana kune vanhu vanobva kumarudzi akasiyana-siyana (ona, Bourdieu (1987) ). Izvozvo "uye" uye "nei" mubvunzo hazviiti kuti zvigadziriswe zvinogadzirisa zvinogadziriswa, saka zvinoita sokuti hazvina kukodzera kuzarura foni. Nokudaro, zvinoita sekuti kufonera kwakasununguka kwakakosha kumibvunzo yekufanotaura pane mibvunzo ye tsanangudzo . Recent theorists, zvisinei, vakadana masayendisiti ezvesuzhinji kuti vaongorore kudzokorora pakati pekutsanangura nekufanotaura (Watts 2014) . Sezvo mutsetse pakati pekufanotaura uye tsanangudzo tsvina, ndinotarisira kuti mafonera akazaruka achawedzera kuwaniswa mukutsvakurudza kwevanhu.