5.3.2 Foldit

Foldit iprotini-folding game iyo inobvumira kuti vasiri nyanzvi kuti vatore chikamu nenzira inonakidza.

Mutengo weNetflix, apo uchitaura uye uchijeka, haufananidzi huwandu hwakazara hwemapurogiramu ekudana. Semuenzaniso, muNetflix Prize vakawanda vevatori vechikamu vakakurumbira vaiva nemakore ekudzidzira mumatanho nekudzidza kwemichina. Asi, mapurogiramu akazaruka anogonawo kusanganisira vatori vechikoro vasina ruzivo rwekudzidzisa, sezvakaratidzwa naFoldit, protein-folding game.

Purotini folding ndiyo nzira inoshandiswa neketani yemamino acid inogadzirwa. Nekunzwisiswa kwakanakisisa kwegadziriro iyi, biologist inogona kugadzira mapuroteni ane maitiro akajeka anogona kushandiswa semishonga. Kuita zvishoma zvishoma, mapuroteni anowanzoenda kune imwe yakagadziriswa-masimba ekugadzirisa, sarudzo inoenzanisa zviputi zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvinokonzera mukati meprotein (Mufananidzo 5.7). Saka, kana muongorori achida kufanotaura chimiro icho mapuroteni achabata, mhinduro inonzwika nyore: ingoedza zvose zvigadziriswa, kuverenga simba ravo, uye fungidzira kuti puroteni inotanga kupinda mumagadzirirwo emagetsi. Zvinosuruvarisa, kuedza zvigadziriswa zvese zvinokwanisika kusinganzwisisiki nokuti kune mabhiriyoni nemabhiriyoni ezvigadziriswa. Kunyangwe nemakombiyuta ane simba anowanikwa nhasi-uye mune ramangwana risati raonekwa-simba rakaipa harisi kuzoshanda. Nokudaro, biologist dzakagadzira mashandisirwo akawanda emagetsi ekutsvaga zvakanyatsotarisa kushandiswa kwepasi-simba. Asi, pasinei nekuwanda kwemasayenzi nekugadzirisa maitiro, izvi zvigadziri zvisiri kure.

Mufananidzo 5.7: Mapurotini folding. Mufananidzo unofanirwa ne "DrKjaergaard" / Wikimedia Commons .

David Baker pamwe neboka rake rekutsvakurudza paYunivhesiti yeWashington vaiva chikamu chevanhu vemasayendisiti vari kushanda kuti vashandise nzira dzekunyora zvinyorwa zveprotini folding. Mune rimwe chirongwa, Baker nevanoshanda navo vakagadzira hurongwa hwakabvumira vanozvipira kuti vape nguva isina kushandiswa pamakombiyuta avo kuti vabatsire kuenzanisa mapuroteni mapuriti. Mukudzoka, vazvipiri vaigona kutarisa muchengeti wemapurisa achiratidza mapuroteni folding aive kuitika pamakombiyuta avo. Vakawanda vevazvipiri vakanyorera Baker nevanoshanda navo vachiti vanofunga kuti vanogona kuvandudza pamashandisirwo emakombiyuta dai vangave vakapinda muhuwandu. Uye saizvozvo zvakatanga Foldit (Hand 2010) .

Foldit inoshandura nzira yeprotini inopinda mumutambo unogona kutamba nemunhu wese. Kubva pamaonero emutambi, Foldit inoratidzika kuva pikicha (mufananidzo 5.8). Vatambi vanoratidzwa ne-matatu-dimensional tangle yeprotini yakagadzirwa uye vanogona kuita maitiro- "tweak," "wiggle," "kuvakazve" -kuchinja kwarakaita. Nokuita mabasa aya, vatambi vanochinja mararamiro eproteti, iyo inowedzera kana kuti inoderedza zvikamu zvavo. Zvinonzwisisika, iyo purogiramu inotarirwa zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemagetsi ezvinogadziriswa; pasi-energy magadzirirwo anokonzerwa nezvikoro zvakakwirira. Mune mamwe mazwi, mapeji anobatsira kutungamirira vatambi sezvavanotsvaka kushandiswa kwepasi-simba. Uyu mutambo unongowanikwa nokuti-sekufananidzira kufanirwa kwemavhidhiyo muNetflix Prize-protein folding zvakare mamiriro ezvinhu zviri nyore kutarisa zvinogadziriswa kupfuura kuzviita.

Mifananidzo 5.8: Masoja eFoldit. Yakadzorerwa nemvumo kubva pawww.www.fold.it.

Foldit's design inoyevedza inoita kuti vatambi vane ruzivo rushoma ruzivo rwezvinyorwa zvebiochemistry kuti vakwikwidzane nemararamiro akanakisisa akagadzirwa nenyanzvi. Kunyange zvazvo vatambi vakawanda vasina kunyanya kunaka mubasa racho, pane vashoma vari vatambi uye madiki mashopu evatambi avo vakasiyana. Zvechokwadi, mukukwikwidza musoro-kusvika-musoro pakati peFoldit vatambi uye hurumende ye------art maitiro, vatambi vakaita zvirongwa zviri nani zvepurotini 5 kubva kune gumi (Cooper et al. 2010) .

Foldit uye mubayiro weNetflix zvakasiyana nenzira dzakawanda, asi zvose izvi zvinosanganisira kushanyirwa kwekugadzirisa zvinogadziriswa kutarisa kupfuura kugadzira. Iye zvino, tichaona chimiro chimwechete mune imwe nzvimbo yakasiyana zvakasiyana-siyana: mutemo wechibvumirano. Uyu muenzaniso wekupedzisira wehutano hwakasununguka inoratidza kuti nzira iyi inogona kushandiswawo mumiganhu isiri pachena kuti inogonesa ku quantification.