5.2.2 Crowd-Coding enyika manifestos
Coding enyika manifestos, chinhu yemanyorero kuitwa nenyanzvi, zvinogona kuitwa computation evanhu chirongwa zvichiguma impact mukuru uye kunzwisisa.
Saizvozvowo neGalaxy Zoo, pane dzakawanda mamiriro ezvinhu apo vatsvakurudzi vezvemagariro vanoda kushambadzira, kuisa, kana kuisa mufananidzo kana chidimbu chemashoko. Muenzaniso wekutsvakurudza uku ndeyekunyorwa kwematongerwo enyika. Panguva yekusarudzwa, mapato ezvematongerwe enyika anobudisa ma manifesto anotsanangura maitiro avo emitemo uye anotungamirira mafilosofi. Semuenzaniso, heino chidimbu che manifesto yeB labor Party muUnited Kingdom kubva muna 2010:
"Mamiriyoni evanhu kushanda kwedu paruzhinji mabasa embody zvakanakisisa tsika Britain, kubatsira simba vanhu kuti kunyatsoshandisa hwavo apo ichivadzivirira kubva pangozi havafaniri kuva nemhosva yavo pachavo. Sezvo tichifanira kuva bolder nezvebasa hurumende mukuita Misika kushanda zvakanaka, tinofanira kuva vakashinga vanochinja nehurumende. "
Aya mafirosoti ane zvinyorwa zvinokosha zveasayendisiti ezvematongerwe enyika, kunyanya avo vanoongorora sarudzo uye kushandiswa kwemakakatanwa emagariro. Kuti urongedzere ruzivo kubva kune ma manifesto, vatsvakurudzi vakagadzira The Manifesto Project, iyo yakaunganidza ma 4 manifestos kubva kumapato anenge 1 000 munyika 50 ndokubva agadzira masayendisiti ezvematongerwo enyika kuti aite zvinyorwa. Mutsara mumwe nomumwe mumushumo umwe neumwe wakanyorwa neyanyanzvi achishandisa 56-urongwa urongwa. Chigumisiro chebasa iri rekushandira ibasa guru rinopfupikisa ruzivo rwakaiswa mune idzi manifesto, uye iyi dataset yakashandiswa mumapurisa anopfuura 200 esayenzi.
Kenneth Benoit nevamwe vaishanda navo (2016) vakasarudza kutora basa rekudhifodhi redhifodhi rakanga raitwa kare nevanyanzvi uye richiriita kuti rive purojekiti yevanhu. Somugumisiro, vakagadzira coding process inowedzera kubereka uye yakanyatsogadziriswa, kwete kureva inodhura uye inokurumidza.
Kushanda nema18 manifesto yakagadzirwa munguva yekusarudzwa kwemasvondo matanhatu muUnited Kingdom, Benoit uye vashandi vakashandisa kuparadzanisa-kushanda-kusanganisa hurongwa nevashandi vanobva mumakambani emashandi emakemikari (Amazon Mechanical Turk uye CrowdFlower) mienzaniso yemakambani emakambani emabasa; , ona Chitsauko 4). Vaongorori vakatora mumwe Manifesto, uritsemure kupinda mitsetse. Zvadaro, munhu akashandisa urongwa hwekunyoresa pamutsetse mumwe nomumwe. Kunyanya, vaverengi vakakumbirwa kuisa mutemo mumwe nomumwe sekutaura nezvematongerwe enyika (kuruboshwe kana kurudyi), kune hutano hwevanhu (hurumende kana hanya), kana kuti kwete (mufananidzo 5.5). Mutsara mumwe nomumwe wakanyorwa nevanhu vanenge mashanu vakasiyana. Pakupedzisira, izvi kuongororwa zvakabatanidzwa vachishandisa nhamba yemuenzaniso iyo yakabatanidzwa kune vose-migumisiro yekushungurudza uye kuoma-kwe-mutongo migumisiro. Mune zvose, Benoit uye vashandi pamwe chete vakaunganidza mazana 200,000 kubva kune vanhu vanenge 1 500.
Mufananidzo 5.5: Coding scheme kubva kuna Benoit et al. (2016) . Vaverengi vakakumbirwa kuisa mutemo mumwe nomumwe sekutaura nezvematongerwe enyika (kuruboshwe kana kurudyi), kumagariro evanhu (vakasununguka kana vanochengetedza), kana kuti kwete. Yakagadzirwa kubva kuna Benoit et al. (2016) , mufananidzo 1.
Kuti aongorore hutano hwevanhu vazhinji, Benoit nevamwe vaaishanda navo vaivawo nenyanzvi gumi-nyanzvi-mapurofesa uye vadzidzi vakapedza kudzidza mune zvematongerwe enyika-kutara ma manifestochete akashandisa nzira yakafanana. Kunyange zvazvo kuyerwa kwemajeri emhomho kwaive kwakasiyana kudarika kuongororwa kubva kune nyanzvi, kubvumirana kwevanhu vakawanda kwaiva nechibvumirano chinoshamisa nehutano hwevadzidzi (Mufananidzo 5.6). Iyi kuenzanisira inoratidza kuti, sekufanana neGalaxy Zoo, mapurogiramu ekuverengera kwevanhu anogona kuburitsa michero yakaisvonaka.
Mufananidzo 5.6: Ongororo mazano ( \(x\) -axis) uye vanhu vanofungidzirwa ( \(y\) -axis) vaiva nechibvumirano chakanaka pavanonyora magwaro ekuratidzira 18 kubva kuUnited Kingdom (Benoit et al. 2016) . Zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa zvakabva kune mapato matatu ezvematongerwe enyika (Conservative, Labor, uye Liberal Democrats) uye sarudzo nhatu (1987, 1992, 1997, 2001, 2001, 2005, uye 2010). Yakagadzirwa kubva kuna Benoit et al. (2016) , mufananidzo 3.
Kuvaka pachigumisiro ichi, Benoit nevamwe vaishanda navo vakashandisa sangano ravo-coding system kuti vaite tsvakurudzo yakanga isingakwanisi nekodhi-coding system inoshandiswa neManifesto Project. Semuenzaniso, Manifesto Project haina kutora ma manifestos pamusoro penyaya yekuenda kune imwe nyika nokuti iyo yakanga isiri nyaya inokosha apo chirongwa chekunyorwa kwekodhi chakagadzirwa mukati ma1980. Uye, panguva ino, hazvina kukwana kuti Manifesto Project idzoke uye inodzokorora ma manifestos kuti inotora mashoko aya. Nokudaro, zvaizoita sokuti vatsvakurudzi vanofarira kudzidza zvematongerwo enyika ekupinda kune dzimwe nyika havasi mhirizhonga. Zvisinei, Benoit nevamwe vaaishanda navo vakakwanisa kushandisa shanduro yavo yekugadzirisa vanhu kuti vaite izvi zvinyorwa-zvakagadzirirwa mubvunzo wavo wekutsvakurudza-nokukurumidza uye nyore.
Kuti vazive mutemo wekuenda kune dzimwe nyika, vakanyora ma manifestos kumapoka masere mumasarudzo makuru e2010 muUnited Kingdom. Mutsara mumwe nomumwe mumushumo umwe neumwe wakanyorwa pamusoro pekunge wakabatana nekuenda kune dzimwe nyika, uye kana zvakadaro, kana zvaive zvichiitika-kutama, kusapindira, kana kupikisa. Mukati maawa mashanu ekutanga basa ravo, migumisiro yacho yakanga irimo. Vakanga vaunganidza zvinopfuura 22 000 mhinduro pamutengo we $ 360. Uyezve, kuongororwa kwevanhu vazhinji kwakaratidza chibvumirano chinoshamisa neongororo yekare yeongororo. Zvadaro, sekuedza kwekupedzisira, mwedzi miviri gare gare, vatsvakurudzi vakabudisazve boka ravo-coding. Mumaawa mashomanana, vakanga vasika vanhu vatsva-nhamba ye dataset yakanyorwa zvakanyatsoenderana neboka ravo rekutanga-coded data yakagadzirirwa. Mune mamwe mazwi, kuverenga kwevanhu kwakavabatsira kuti vape magwaro ezvematongerwe enyika ayo akabvumirana nenyanzvi yekuongororwa uye akaberekwa. Uyezve, nokuti kuverenga kwevanhu kwakakurumidza uye kwakashata, zvakanga zviri nyore kwavari kuti vaite zvavanowana pamusana pemubvunzo wavo wekutsvakurudza pamusoro pekuenda kune dzimwe nyika.
