5.4.1 eBird
eBird inounganidza dhamusi kune shiri dzinobva kune shiri; vanozvipira vanogona kupa chiyero icho hapana boka rekutsvakurudza rinogona kufanana.
Shiri dziri pose pose, uye ornithologists vanoda kuziva kuti shiri imwe neimwe iripi nguva dzose. Zvakapa dheetet yakadaro yakakwana, ornithologists inogona kutarisana nemibvunzo yakawanda inokosha mumunda wavo. Zvechokwadi, kuunganidza deta iyi hakupfuuri nemwero wemumwe muongorori. Panguva imwe chete iyo ornithologists inoda mari yakawanda uye yakazara, "shiri" -vanhu vanoenda shiri vachiona kuti vanonakidza-vanogara vachicherechedza shiri nekunyora zvavanoona. Iyi miviri miviri ine nhoroondo yakareba yekushandira, asi ikozvino kubatana uku kwave kushandurwa nezera re digital. Bird iyi inoparidzirwa dhina basa rinoshandura ruzivo kubva kune vanoita shiri kumativi ose enyika, uye yakatove yakagamuchira mamiriyoni 260 mamiriyoni eoneredzi kubva kune 250,000 vatori vechikamu (Kelling, Fink, et al. 2015) .
Isati yatanga kubudiswa kweBird, yakawanda yedhesi yakagadzirwa nevasungwa yakanga isingawaniki kuvatsvakurudzi:
"Muzviuru zvezvipfigiro zvakapoteredza nyika nhasi nhasi kunoreva mabhuku akawanda, mabhuku, makadhi, mazita ekunyora, uye diaries. Vedu vedu vanobatanidzwa nezvikwata zvekucheka vanoziva zvakanaka kushungurudzika kwekunzwa kakawanda pamusoro pe 'nyamunun'una wababa vangu vanonoka'. [Sic] Tinoziva kukosha kwavanogona kuva. Zvinosuruvarisa, tinozivawo kuti hatigoni kuzvishandisa. " (Fitzpatrick et al. 2002)
Pane kuva nezvinhu izvi zvinokosha zvisingagara zvisina kushandiswa, eBird inobatsira shiri kuti vadziise kune imwe nzvimbo, iyo digital database. Dhavhidha inoshandiswa kuBird ine zvitanhatu masikati makuru: ndiani, kupi, nguva, ndeapi, mhando ipi, yakawanda, uye simba. Nokuda kwevaverengi vasiri-birding, "kushanda" kunoreva nzira dzinoshandiswa paunenge uchitarisa. Dhiyabhorosi chekuongorora hunotanga kunyangwe data isati yaiswa. Nyeredzi dziri kuedza kuisa zvinyorwa zvisingazivikanwi-zvakadai semishumo yezvisikwa zvisingawanzoitiki, zvikamu zvakakwirira kwazvo, kana zvinyorwa-kunze-zvemwaka-zvakashamiswa, uye webhusaiti yacho inotsvaga mamwe mashoko, akadai semifananidzo. Mushure mekutora humwe huwandu hwemashoko, mharidzo yakarongedzwa inotumirwa kune rimwe remakumi ezvizvipiri vezviongorori venharaunda yekuongororazve. Mushure mekutsvakurudza nemudzidzisi wenharaunda-kusanganisira kuwedzerwa kune mamwe mabhairiro neyo-birder-iyo mitsara yakarongedzwa inogona kurasirwa seisina kuvimbika kana kupinda muBird database (Kelling et al. 2012) . Iyi database yakatariswa kuongororwa zvino inowanikwa kune ani zvake munyika iri neIndaneti, uye, kusvikira ikozvino, anenge mabhuku zana-akaongorora zvakare akashandisa (Bonney et al. 2014) . eBird inoratidza zvakajeka kuti vanozvipira shiri dzinokwanisa kuunganidza dambudziko rinobatsira pakutsvakurudza kwechokwadi kweannithology.
Imwe yezvakanaka zveBird ndeyokuti inotora "basa" iri kutoitika-munyaya iyi, birding. Izvi zvinoita kuti purojekiti iwane yakawanda kwazvo. Zvisinei, "basa" rinoshandiswa nevashambadziri harinyatsofananisi nheyo dzinodiwa neannithologists. Somuenzaniso, muBird, kuunganidza deta kunotsanangurwa nenzvimbo yevhiri, kwete nzvimbo ye shiri. Izvi zvinoreva kuti, semuenzaniso, maonero akawanda anowanzoitika pedyo nemigwagwa (Kelling et al. 2012; Kelling, Fink, et al. 2015) . Mukuwedzera kune kugovana kwakasiyana kwekuedza kwepamusoro pezvimbo, kunyatsocherechedza kwakaitwa nevasungwa hakusi nguva dzose yakanaka. Semuenzaniso, vamwe vanodya shiri vanongoshandisa ruzivo nezvezvisikwa zvavanofunga kuti zvinonakidza, panzvimbo pekuziva nezvezvisikwa zvose zvavakaona.
Bird vanotsvakurudza vane mhinduro miviri mikuru yehutano hwehutano hwemashoko-mhinduro dzingangobatsira kune dzimwe dzakagoverwa zvekuunganidza dhijekiti zvakare. Kutanga, eBird vatsvakurudzi vari kugara vachiedza kuvandudza hutano hwemashoko akatumirwa nevasungwa. Semuenzaniso, eBird inopa dzidzo kuvadzidzi, uye yakagadzira zviratidzo zvemufambiro wevadzidzi vose, kuburikidza nekugadzirisa kwavo, kukurudzira shiri kuti vaise ruzivo pamusoro pezvisikwa zvose zvavakaona, kwete kungonakidza chete (Wood et al. 2011; Wiggins 2011) . Chechipiri, eBird vatsvakurudzi vanoshandisa mazita ekuenzanisa anoedza kugadzirisa mhere-mhere uye hutano husingaenzaniswi hwezvinhu zvakashata (Fink et al. 2010; Hurlbert and Liang 2012) . Izvo zvisati zvanyatsojeka kana izvi zvinyorwa zvinoratidzira zvibvisa zvachose zvinyorwa kubva kune data, asi ornithologists vane chivimbo chakakwana muhutano hweBird data yakashandurwa, sezvakambotaurwa kare, deta idzi dzakashandiswa munenge mazana zana emabhuku ezvesayenzi akadzokororwa.
Vakawanda vasiri-ornithologists pakutanga ndivo vanovhiringidzika pavanonzwa nezveBird kwekutanga. Mukufunga kwangu, chikamu chekusava nechokwadi ichi kunobva pakufunga nezveBird nenzira isina kururama. Vanhu vakawanda vanotanga kufunga "Ndeyei eBird data yakakwana?", Uye mhinduro ndeyo "zvachose kwete." Zvisinei, iyo haisi mubvunzo wakarurama. Mubvunzo wakarurama ndewe "Kune mamwe mibvunzo yekutsvakurudza, ndeye bhaibheri yeBird iri nani kudarika demo iripo here?" Mubvunzo iwoyo mhinduro ndeye "hongu hongu," muchikamu nokuti nekuda kwemibvunzo yakawanda-kufarira-yakafanana nemibvunzo pamusoro pekuwanda kwekufamba kwemwaka -Kune dzimwe nzira dzisiri dzechokwadi dzekugovera deta.
IBird project inoratidza kuti zvinokwanisika kusanganisira vanozvipira mukuunganidza kwezvinhu zvakakosha zvesayenzi. Zvisinei, eBird, uye mapurogiramu akafanana, anoratidza kuti zvinetso zvine chokuita nesampula nehuwandu hwemashoko ndezvinetso zvekugoverwa kwemishonga yekuunganidza dhina. Sezvatichaona mune chikamu chinotevera, zvisinei, neunyanzvi hwokugadzira uye teknolojia, izvi zvinogona kuderedzwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo.
