5.4.3 Mhedziso
Distributed data collection inogoneka, uye mune ramangwana ingangosanganisira teknolojia uye kusabatanidzwa.
Sezvo eBird inoratidza, kugoverwa kwekuunganidza data kunogona kushandiswa kutsvakurudza kwesayenzi. Uyezve, PhotoCity inoratidza kuti matambudziko akaenzana nesampula uye nehuwandu hwemashoko zvinogona kugadziriswa. Ndeipi inogona kugovera dhina rekuunganidza basa rekutsvakurudza kwevanhu? Mumwe muenzaniso unobva mubasa raSusan Watkins nevamwe vake paMalawi Journals Project (Watkins and Swidler 2009; Kaler, Watkins, and Angotti 2015) . Mune chirongwa ichi, 22 vagari vemo-vanonzi "vatapi venhau" -kuti "mabhuku ehurukuro" akanyorwa, zvakadzama, hurukuro dzavakanzwa nezveAIDS mumazuva ehupenyu hwevanhuwo zvavo (panguva iyo basa racho rakatanga, vanenge 15% yevakuru muMalawi vakapinda neHIV (Bello, Chipeta, and Aberle-Grasse 2006) ). Nemhaka yehukama hwavo, avo vatori venhau vakakwanisa kuverenga kukurukurirana kungave kusingakwanisi kuwanikwa naWatkins nevashambadzi varo vekutsvakurudza veWestern (ini ndichakurukurirana maitiro eizvi gare gare muchitsauko apo ini ndipa mazano pamusoro pekugadzira iwe pachako mauri pamwe chete) . Nhoroondo kubva kuMalawi Journals Project yakatungamirira kune zvimwe zvakakosha zvinowanikwa. Somuenzaniso, purojekiti isati yavambwa, vazhinji vari kunze vakatenda kuti pane kunyarara pamusoro peAIDS muAfrica yeSouth Africa, asi mabhuku ekukurukurirana akaratidza kuti izvi zvakanga zvisipo: vatapi venhau vakanzwa mazana ehurukuro dzehurukuro, munzvimbo dzakasiyana mariro, mabheji, uye makereke. Uyezve, chimiro chekukurukurirana uku kwakabatsira vatsvakurudzi kuti vanyatsonzwisisa zvimwe zvekudzivirira kushandiswa kwekondomu; nzira iyo kondomu yaishandiswa yakagadzirwa mumashoko ehutano huripo evanhu yakanga isina kufanana nenzira iyo yakakurukurwa nayo muupenyu hwezuva nezuva (Tavory and Swidler 2009) .
Zvechokwadi, semashoko kubva eBird, data kubva kuMalawi Journals Project haisi yakakwana, nyaya inokurukurwa zvakadzama naWatkins pamwe nevamwe. Semuenzaniso, kukurukurirana kwakanyorwa hakusi mienzaniso yekusarudzwa kwekukurukurirana kwose kunogona kuitika. Pane kudaro, ndezvekuverenga kusakwana kwekukurukura nezveAIDS. Mukutaura kwehuwandu hwemashoko, vatsvakurudzi vaidavira kuti vatapi venhau vavo vaiva vatori venhau vakakwirira, sezvinopupurirwa nekushandura mukati memagazini uye mumagazini. Izvi zvinoreva, nokuti vatapi venhau vakakwana vakaendeswa mune zvishoma zvigadziriro zvakakwana uye vakaisa pfungwa pane imwe nyaya, zvaive zvichigona kushandisa redundancy kuongorora uye kuchengetedza unhu hunodiwa. Semuenzaniso, mushandi wepabonde anonzi "Stella" akaratidza kakawanda mumagazini evevatori venhau vana vakasiyana (Watkins and Swidler 2009) . Kuti uwedzere kuvaka intuition yako, tafura 5.3 inoratidza mamwe mimwe mienzaniso yekugoverwa kwekuunganidza kwekutsvakurudza kwevanhu.
| Data yakagadzirwa | Dheuteronomio |
|---|---|
| Hurukuro pamusoro peHIV neAIDS muMalawi | Watkins and Swidler (2009) ; Kaler, Watkins, and Angotti (2015) |
| Mugwagwa uchinyengetera muLondon | Purdam (2014) |
| Kurwisana kunoitika muEastern Congo | Windt and Humphreys (2016) |
| Basa rezvemari muNigeria neLiberia | Blumenstock, Keleher, and Reisinger (2016) |
| Influenza surveillance | Noort et al. (2015) |
Yese mienzaniso inorondedzerwa muchikamu ichi inosanganisira kubatanidzwa: vatapi venhau vakatora zvinyorwa zvavakanzwa; vanofambisa ndege vakaisa mabheji avo; kana vatambi vakaisa mifananidzo yavo. Asi zvakadini kana kupindira kwacho kwaiitika uye kusina unyanzvi hupi kana nguva yekuisa? Ichi ndicho chivimbiso chinopiwa ne "kutora pamwe" kana "vanhu-centric sensing." Somuenzaniso, Pothole Patrol, chirongwa cheasayendisiti paMIT, yakagadziridza ma-accelerometers yeGPS mukati meanomwe taxi cabs munzvimbo yeBoston (Eriksson et al. 2008) . Nemhaka yekufambisa pamapapu emashizha majekiti akajeka e-accelerometer, aya majaira, kana akaiswa mukati mekutsika mitero, anogona kugadzira mapoka emapolome eBoston. Ichokwadi kuti, teresi haisi migwagwa yekuenzanisira, asi, iyo inopiwa makatekiti akakwana, zvinogona kuva nekugovera zvakakwana kupa ruzivo pamusoro pezvikamu zvakawanda zveguta racho. Chechipiri rubatsiro rwekushandura kwezvinhu zvinotsigira teknolojia ndeyekuti vano-vanoziva maitiro ekupa ruzivo rwezvinhu: asi zvinoda unyanzvi kuunza eBird (nokuti unoda kukwanisa kunyatsoziva shiri shiri), hazvidi kuti unyanzvi hunokosha inobatsira kuPothole Patrol.
Kuenderera mberi, ndinofungidzira kuti vakawanda vakaparadzira mapurojekiti ekuunganidza mapepa achatanga kushandisa masimba efoni dzese dzakatotwa nemabhiriyoni evanhu pasi rose. Aya mafoni anotova nenhamba huru yezvinokanganisa zvakakosha pakuyera, zvakadai semakrofoni, makamera, GPS madivashoni, uye maawa. Uyezve, vanotsigira mapurogiramu evanhu vatatu vanoita kuti vatsvakurudzi vatonge pamusoro pezvinyorwa zvekuunganidza deta. Pakupedzisira, vane Internet-kuwirirana, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuti vasiye-kutakura data yavanounganidza. Kune matambudziko akawanda emagetsi, kubva pazvinokwana zvisina kunaka kusvika kune hutano hutachiona hwehutta, asi zvinetso izvi zvingaderera kudarika nguva kana teknolojia inowedzera. Nharo dzine chokuita nehuwandu uye hutsika, kune rumwe rutivi, zvinogona kuwana zvakaoma; Ini ndichadzoka kune mibvunzo yemitemo apo ini ndinopa mazano pamusoro pekugadzira iwe pachako kushanda pamwe chete.
Mukuparadzirwa kwemashoko ekuunganidza, vanozvipira vanopa ruzivo pamusoro penyika. Iyi nzira yave yatoshandiswa kubudirira, uye kushandiswa kwemazuva anotevera kunofanira kutarisa sampling uye zvinetso zvehutano. Nenzira yakanaka, mapurojekiti akange akadai seChotoCity naPothole Patrol anopa mhinduro dzematambudziko aya. Sezvo mamwe mapurogiramu achishandisa zvigadzirwa zvekombiyuta inoita kuti vanhu vasina unyanzvi uye vanoita basa risina basa, vakaparadzira mishonga yekuunganidza dhina vanofanira kuwedzera zvakanyanya pakukura, zvichiita kuti vatsvakurudzi vawane dambudziko rainge risati rapera mumiganhu munguva yakapfuura.
